2000 in the Philippines

From Wikipedia - Reading time: 21 min

Philippines 2000
in
the Philippines

Decades:
See also:

2000 in the Philippines details events of note that happened in the Philippines in the year 2000.

Incumbents

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President Joseph Estrada

Events

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January

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February

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March

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April

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May

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  • May 3:
    • Four ASG hostages, including a Roman Catholic priest and 3 teachers are killed during an operation which soldiers rescued 15 another hostages.[16][20][21][39] There are also reports that 5 children have been killed by the ASG and a female teacher has been missing; all among the victims who were kidnapped in March.[17][19]
    • Twenty-one soldiers and a CAFGU member are killed in an encounter between government troops and the MILF in Matanog, Maguindanao, in what would be the biggest single battle loss suffered by the government during the war.[8]
  • May 4:
    • The ILOVEYOU computer virus, originating from the country, is released by a student, spreading quickly throughout the world and damaging around 45 million computers worldwide.[25][40]
    • A firefight between secessionist MILF and government soldiers occurs in the Lanao del SurMaguindanao provincial boundary, when rebels allegedly occupied a highway; ends with the capture of the MILFBIAF headquarters on May 7, with 108 rebels and 3 Marine soldiers died within two days.[41]
  • May 6 – Six persons are killed and 37 others are wounded in separate bus explosions in Surigao and Butuan cities.[42]
  • May 7 – An Army Special Forces unit in Lantawan, Basilan, searching for ASG hostages taken in March, is ambushed by the bandits, killing 13 of its soldiers.[43][44]
  • May 16 – An explosion in Glorietta Mall in Makati injures 13 persons.[24]
  • May 21 – An explosion and a stampede in SM Megamall in Mandaluyong kills one person and injures at least 11 others.[9][24][45]
  • May 25:
  • Late May – At least 33 MILF rebels and three government soldiers die in a clash in Marogong, Lanao del Sur.[48]

June

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July

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August

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September

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October

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November

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December

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Holidays

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As per Executive Order No. 292, chapter 7 section 26, the following are regular holidays and special days, approved on July 25, 1987.[79] Note that in the list, holidays in bold are "regular holidays" and those in italics are "nationwide special days".

In addition, several other places observe local holidays, such as the foundation of their town. These are also "special days."

Television

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Sports

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Births

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January

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February

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March

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April

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July

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August

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September

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November

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December

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Deaths

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January

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March

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April

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May

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June

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September

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November

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December

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Unknown

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Further reading

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  • Labrador, Mel (January–February 2001). "THE PHILIPPINES IN 2000: In Search of a Silver Lining". Asian Survey. 41 (1). University of California Press: 221–229. doi:10.1525/as.2001.41.1.221. JSTOR 10.1525/as.2001.41.1.221.

Notes

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Additional information

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  1. ^ On Feb. 17, a man with name Joey Filart is arrested in San Mariano, Isabela; but will later be ordered released by the Department of Justice; he is said to be the same individual mistakenly arrested but cleared in 1995.[2]

Multiple citations

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References

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  1. ^ "Philippines Executes Rapist" Associated Press. Retrieved 04-12-2021.
    "In the know: Death penalty" Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 04-12-2021.
  2. ^ For this event:

    Articles from Philippine Headline News Online (PHNO):
    "Fugitive convicted in Vizconde massacre arrested" Feb. 19, 2000. Retrieved Feb. 24, 2022.
    "Cops arrested wrong Joey Filart –Jessica Alfaro" Feb. 22, 2000.
    Articles from Philstar.com:
    "Is he the right Filart?" Feb. 20, 2000.
    "Jessica: It's wrong Joey Filart, again" Feb. 21, 2000.
    Other source:
    "PJR Jan-Mar 2000 Vizconde Massacre Case Monitor" Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility (via Scribd). First quarter, 2000.

    Unless otherwise stated, all were retrieved July 9, 2022.
  3. ^ For the verdict:
    "Hubert Webb, others found guilty in Vizconde massacre" PHNO. January 6, 2000.
    "Vizconde massacre trial ends with guilty verdict" PHNO. January 7, 2000.
    All were retrieved January 7, 2019.
  4. ^ Later events:
    "Vizconde ruling upheld CA backs life terms in killings" (Limited access) The Manila Times. Dec. 17, 2005. Retrieved July 9, 2022.

    For the details of the case:
    "G.R. NO. 176389 & G.R. NO. 176864" Supreme Court E-Library. Dec. 14, 2010.
    "The Vizconde massacre revisited" ABS-CBN News. Dec. 14, 2010.
    "Vizconde massacre timeline" Philstar.com. Dec. 15, 2010.
    "Appendix: Case analysis: Supreme Court's rulings on Vizconde and Abadilla cases are contradictory" Asian Human Rights Commission. Dec. 21, 2010.

    Unless otherwise stated, all were retrieved Oct. 8, 2021.
  5. ^ Corpuz, Ernesto; Punongbayan, Raymundo (March 27, 2000). "The February – March 2000 Mayon Eruption". ReliefWeb. Retrieved July 8, 2019.
    "Mayon buries towns in ash" PHNO. Feb 29, 2000. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
  6. ^ a b Lopez, Antonio (March 10, 2000). "Meeting Force With Force". Asiaweek. Retrieved June 15, 2019.
    —"Radio station blast blamed on MILF." (February 29, 2000) Philippine Daily Inquirer, pp. 1, 6. (Link) Retrieved July 9, 2019.
  7. ^ a b c "Ozamis bus bombings: Death toll climbs, MILF blamed" PHNO. Feb 27, 2000. Retrieved June 24, 2019.
  8. ^ a b c d e f Cal, Ben (October 9, 2017). "Cimatu needs his brilliant past as DENR chief". Philippine News Agency. Retrieved August 9, 2019.
  9. ^ a b c Lives Destroyed: Attacks on Civilians in the Philippines. Human Rights Watch. July 2007.
    —See "List of Major Attacks". Retrieved June 17, 2022.
    —See page 3 of the publication (PDF file). Retrieved June 15, 2019.
  10. ^ Espejo, Edwin (August 3, 2013). "Mindanao bombs: over 300 killed in 12 yrs". Rappler. Retrieved June 15, 2019.
  11. ^ "Buses on Ozamis ferry bombed, 20 dead" PHNO. Feb 26, 2000. Retrieved Feb 26, 2022.
  12. ^ a b c d The Encyclopedia Americana Annual 2001. Grolier, Inc. 2001.
  13. ^ "Diwalwal gold mine tunnel death toll now 11" PHNO. Mar 3, 2000. Retrieved Feb 26, 2022.
  14. ^ a b "Erap in Lanao battle zone; warns MILF" PHNO. Mar 21, 2000. Retrieved June 24, 2019.
  15. ^ "Govt retakes Lanao town from MILF rebels" PHNO. Mar 18, 2000. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
  16. ^ a b c "More Massacres in Mindanao than other parts of the country" (December 13, 2009). The Manila Times (via PressReader). Retrieved August 8, 2019.
  17. ^ a b c "Hostage priest tortured, killed by Abu Sayyaf" PHNO. May 5, 2000. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
    Locsin, Joel (May 23, 2015). "15 years later, priest's martyrdom by Abu Sayyaf in Basilan remembered". GMA News. Retrieved August 8, 2019.
    Fuentes, John Frances (May 18, 2015). "Priest 'martyr for peace' remembered". CBCP News. Archived from the original on June 27, 2015. Retrieved August 8, 2019.
  18. ^ a b "Govt attacks Basilan rebels to rescue hostages" PHNO. Apr 22, 2000. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
    "Stench of death in Sayyaf Basilan camp" PHNO. Apr 29, 2000. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
  19. ^ a b c d e "Four hostages including priest killed, 15 freed in Southern Philippines". UCA News. May 4, 2000. Retrieved August 10, 2019.
  20. ^ a b Sieff, Martin (May 3, 2000). "Hostage crisis brings Philippines dispute to the fore". UPI. Retrieved August 10, 2019.
  21. ^ a b c d "Abu Sayyaf kidnappings, bombings and other attacks". GMA News. August 23, 2007. Retrieved August 10, 2019.
    La Vina, Enrico Antonio; Balane, Lilita (March 31, 2009). "Timeline: The Abu Sayyaf atrocities". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved August 10, 2019.
  22. ^ "Abu Sayyaf rebels take 77 people hostage in Basilan". Philstar.com. March 21, 2000. Retrieved August 10, 2019.
    "Muslim rebels threaten to kill 43 hostages" PHNO. Mar 22, 2000. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
    "Abu Sayyaf threatens to kill hostages" PHNO. Mar 27, 2000. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
  23. ^ Mercado, Jun (March 19, 2010). "All-out war in Mindanao (Opinion)". GMA News. Retrieved June 15, 2019.
    Melican, Nathaniel (January 27, 2015). "Estrada stands by all-out war strategy vs MILF". Inquirer.net. Retrieved June 15, 2019.
  24. ^ a b c Lopez, Antonio (June 2, 2000). "Who's Behind The Blasts?". Asiaweek. Archived from the original on November 2, 2023. Retrieved June 19, 2019.
  25. ^ a b c d e f "#Journeyto30" by Epi Fabonan III, Philstar.com: (2000) "The year of living dangerously" September 1, 2016. Retrieved August 1, 2018.
  26. ^ "55. Philippines/Moro Islamic Liberation Front (1977-present)". uca.edu. Retrieved November 3, 2022.
  27. ^ "Govt attacks MILF camp, 16 rebels dead" PHNO. September 4, 2000. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
  28. ^ "56 die, 100 missing in Jolo ferry disaster" PHNO. Apr 13, 2000. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
    "Jolo boat not licensed for passengers; 69 bodies so far" PHNO. Apr 14, 2000. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
  29. ^ a b "131 killed in Philippines' worst air crash". The Guardian. April 19, 2000. Retrieved August 12, 2019.
  30. ^ "70 MILF, 23 soldiers die in Lanao battle" PHNO. Apr 13, 2000. Retrieved Feb 26, 2022.
  31. ^ "8 dead in Baclaran grenade blast" PHNO. Apr 17, 2000. Retrieved Feb 26, 2022.
  32. ^ For the air accident report:
    "Air Phils 737 crashes in Davao, no survivors" PHNO. Apr 19, 2000. Retrieved June 24, 2019.
    —TJ Burgonio, et al. (April 20, 2000) "131 die in Davao crash" Philippine Daily Inquirer, pp. 1, 4. Retrieved August 7, 2019.
    AP, et al. (April 20, 2000) "131 killed in worst RP crash" Manila Standard, pp. 1–2. Retrieved May 24, 2021.

    Accident as the Philippines' worst:
    —"RP's worst air accidents" (April 20, 2000). Philippine Daily Inquirer, p. 13.
    Orosa, Rosalinda (July 25, 2014). "Philippines' worst commercial flight disasters". Philstar.com. Retrieved August 12, 2019.
  33. ^ According to Aviation Safety Network database (Link), the said aviation accident is currently the worst. The worst before was the one which occurred in February 1998, now the 2nd deadliest, with 104 fatalities. (See the details of Feb. 1998 and Apr. 2000 accidents. Retrieved 02-11-2021.)
  34. ^ "Abu Sayyaf to kill priest, 4 others unless Govt stops attack" PHNO. Apr 23, 2000.
    "3 soldiers, 25 rebels killed in Basilan assault" PHNO. Apr 25, 2000.
    "Basilan rebels cornered, retreat with hostages" PHNO. Apr 28, 2000.
    All were retrieved January 7, 2019.
  35. ^ "It's do or die - Abu Sayyaf" PHNO. Oct 28, 2000. Retrieved Feb 26, 2022.
  36. ^ "Tausug gunmen head for RP w/ 20 abducted tourists" PHNO. Apr 24, 2000. Retrieved June 24, 2019.
    "List of hostages abducted from Malaysia" PHNO. Apr 25, 2000. Retrieved June 24, 2019.
    "Abu Sayyaf claim Malaysian abductions" PHNO. Apr 25, 2000. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
    "2 foreign hostages reported dead" PHNO. March 5, 2000. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
  37. ^ a b "TV pastor's followers say he is praying with hostages, not detained". UCA News. July 6, 2000. Retrieved August 10, 2019.
    "Evangelists fail to leave hostage island". News24. August 11, 2000. Archived from the original on August 13, 2019. Retrieved August 10, 2019.
  38. ^ "Govt retakes Lanao MILF camp, 26 rebels dead" PHNO. Apr 27, 2000. Retrieved Feb 26, 2022.
  39. ^ a b "Abu Sayyaf tortured, killed Filipino hostages" PHNO. 05-04-2000. Retrieved 01-07-2019.
    "Zambales readies martyr's welcome for slain priest" PHNO. 05-07-2000. Retrieved 02-26-2022.
  40. ^ "'LoveLetter' computer virus – made in RP" PHNO. April 5, 2000. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
    —"RP 'love bug' wreaks $1-B havoc on world's computers." (May 6, 2000). Philippine Daily Inquirer, pp. 1, 5. (Link) Retrieved August 7, 2019.
  41. ^ "108 rebels dead as Govt captures MILF HQ" PHNO. August 5, 2000. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
  42. ^ "Six persons killed, 37 wounded in Surigao bomb blast" PHNO. July 5, 2000. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
  43. ^ a b c "In the know: Other government fatalities" Inquirer.net. 10-21-2011.
    "Most violent encounters between gov’t forces and rebels" Inquirer.net. 01-27-2015. (For the Negros Occidental incident.)
    All were retrieved 02-28-2022.
  44. ^ "Help for wives, families of slain soldiers in Basilan ambush" PHNO. May 24, 2000. Retrieved Feb 26, 2022.
  45. ^ "Megamall cinema bombed, 1 dead" PHNO. May 21, 2000. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
  46. ^ "PAL hijacker found dead, loot missing" PHNO. May 26, 2000. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
    —Papa, Alcuin; et al. (May 26, 2000). "Hijacking of PAL plane: Only in RP." Philippine Daily Inquirer, pp. 1, 20. (Link) Retrieved August 7, 2019.
    —Herrera, Christine; et al. (May 27, 2000). "Hijacker's body found in Quezon." Philippine Daily Inquirer, pp. 1, 18. (Link) Retrieved August 7, 2019.
  47. ^ "Newscoop!! New low: P43.40=$1" PHNO. May 25, 2000. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
    "Peso = P43.40 to US$1" PHNO. May 26, 2000. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
  48. ^ "33 MILF, 3 soldiers dead in Lanao clash" PHNO. May 28, 2000. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
  49. ^ "Isabela NPA ambush: Army colonel, 13 others dead" PHNO. Jun 29, 2000. Retrieved June 24, 2019.
  50. ^ "Evangelists rescued from Abu Sayyaf" PHNO. February 10, 2000. Retrieved June 24, 2019.
    "Wife thanks God and Estrada for evangelist's return from extremists". UCA News. October 4, 2000. Retrieved August 10, 2019.
    Buchan, Alex (December 4, 2000). "Philippines: Hostage Drama Exposes Christians' Vulnerability". Christianity Today. Retrieved August 10, 2019.
  51. ^ Teves, Maria Althea (January 28, 2010). "List of aviation accidents involving the Philippine military". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved June 15, 2019.
  52. ^ "PAF Western Command Maj-General dead in Palawan plane crash" PHNO. March 7, 2000. Retrieved June 24, 2019.
    —Veridiano, Dave; Lujan, Nereo (July 3, 2000). "General killed in plane crash." Philippine Daily Inquirer, pp. 1, 19. (Link) Retrieved July 9, 2019.
  53. ^ Bagaoisan, Andrew Jonathan (July 9, 2015). "Throwback: The fall of Camp Abubakar (Blog)". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved June 15, 2019.
    "Gov't captures Camp Abubakar!" PHNO. Jun 29, 2000. Retrieved June 24, 2019.
    —Gallardo, Froilan (July 10, 2000). "Camp Abubakar Falls." Philippine Daily Inquirer, pp. 1, 20. (Link) Retrieved July 9, 2019.
  54. ^ "36 dead, hundreds missing in QC garbage dump collapse" PHNO. October 7, 2000. Retrieved June 24, 2019.
    "Dumpsite disaster: 196 dead, 700 missing" PHNO. Jul 17, 2000. Retrieved June 24, 2019.
    Pagano, Angela (July 21, 2000). ""Promised Land" garbage landslide kills at least 200 in the Philippines". World Socialist Web Site. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
    —Tubeza, Philip (July 11, 2000) "Payatas trash slides; 46 dead, 29 injured" Philippine Daily Inquirer, pp. 1, 15. Retrieved July 9, 2019.
  55. ^ Payatas tragedy:
    (Video) July 10, 2000 episode of Frontpage. GMA Network via Walter J. Brown Media Archives, University of Georgia.
    "Payatas tragedy: One year after" Philstar.com. July 10, 2001.
    "Payatas: The Story of a Tragedy" Kadamay and Task Force Damayan (via studylib.net). n.d.
    "Stability problems of landfills – The Payatas landslide" (PDF) n.d.

    Later events:
    "After nearly 20 years, court finds Quezon City liable for Payatas tragedy" Philstar.com. Jan. 16, 2020.
    "Court orders QC govt to pay P6M to Payatas dumpsite tragedy victims" Rappler. Jan. 16, 2020.

    Event is also mentioned:
    "The Payatas Tragedy: A Grim Reminder of Mis-development" Mirage Productions International.
    "Life on the Rubbish Dumps" Children of the Dump. n.d.

    All were retrieved June 17, 2022.
  56. ^ "MILF rebels massacre 21 Christians" PHNO. Jul 18, 2000. Retrieved Feb 24, 2022.
  57. ^ "Cotabato: 16 massacred by suspected MILF group" PHNO. Aug 6, 2000. Retrieved Feb 24, 2022.
  58. ^ "MAASIN CITY PROFILE". City Government of Maasin. Retrieved February 14, 2021.
  59. ^ "This Week's Milestones" (From 08-06-2017 to 08-12-2017) Inquirer.net. Retrieved January 31, 2018.
  60. ^ "20 dead in police clash with cultists" PHNO. Aug 13, 2000. Retrieved June 24, 2019.
    "Cult clash leaves 20 dead" BBC News. 08-12-2000. Retrieved 02-28-2022.
  61. ^ "Negros NPA band kills 17 soldiers" PHNO. Aug 22, 2000. Retrieved Feb 26, 2022.
    "Philippine rebels kill 17 soldiers" AP. 08-21-2000. Retrieved 02-28-2022.
  62. ^ "History of San Jose Del Monte". City of San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan. Archived from the original on October 22, 2016. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
  63. ^ "TACURONG CITY PROFILE". Tacuring City | City of Goodwill. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
  64. ^ Citations on Sandiganbayan decision on the Marcoses:
  65. ^ "30 years of news reportage". Manila Standard. February 10, 2017. Retrieved April 9, 2020.
  66. ^ a b c "Timeline of the Estrada Crisis". Associated Press via Fox News. March 7, 2001. Retrieved July 27, 2019.
  67. ^ "Power breakdown hits Luzon, Metro Manila Due to tripping of NPC lines" Greenspun.com. 10-21-2000.
    "Napocor: Full power restored" Philstar.com. 10-22-2000.
    Dow Jones Newswires (October 20, 2000). "Massive Power Failure Strikes Main Philippine Island of Luzon". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved March 17, 2022.
    All were retrieved 03-17-2022.
  68. ^ —Marfil, Martin; Yamsuan, Cathy (November 14, 2000). "Impeached." Philippine Daily Inquirer, pp. A1, A14. (Link) Retrieved July 20, 2019.
    Esteria, Primo (November 13, 2011). "Today in Philippine History, November 13, 2000". The Kahimyang Project. Retrieved July 8, 2019.
    Diaz, Jess (November 14, 2000). "Estrada impeached". PhilStar. Retrieved August 3, 2019.
    Fuller, Thomas (November 14, 2000). "The Impeachment of Estrada: Day of Political Tumult in Manila". The New York Times. Retrieved August 3, 2019.
  69. ^ For the beginning of the impeachment trial:
    —Javellana, Juliet (December 7, 2000). "Estrada trial starts" Philippine Daily Inquirer, pp. A1, A21. (Link) Retrieved July 20, 2019.
    —Marfil, Martin (December 8, 2000). "'This country cannot be run buy a thief' (Impeach trial Day 1)" Philippine Daily Inquirer, pp. A1, A18. (Link) Retrieved July 20, 2019.
    "Dismiss plea junked by Senate impeach court" PHNO. Nov 28, 2000. Retrieved June 24, 2019.
    For general details:
    "Fast Facts: Estrada Impeachment Trial". Inquirer.net. January 6, 2012. Retrieved July 27, 2019.
  70. ^ "History of Science City of Muñoz". Science City of Muñoz. Archived from the original on February 14, 2022. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
    "This Week's Milestones" (From 12-03-2017 to 12-09-2017) Inquirer.net. Retrieved January 31, 2018.
  71. ^ "Surigao Christian sect leadership war: 11 dead" PHNO. Dec 15, 2000. Retrieved Feb 26, 2022.
    "Filipino cultists hacked to death" BBC News. 12-15-2000. Retrieved 02-28-2022.
  72. ^ Philippine Daily Inquirer (12-16-2000) Retrieved 02-01-2024 — via Google News Archive.
  73. ^ "HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT". LGU Sorsogon City. Archived from the original on February 13, 2022. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
  74. ^ "Davao bus falls into ravine, 45 dead" PHNO. Dec 26, 2000. Retrieved June 24, 2019.
  75. ^ "Bombs at Manila airport, mall,bus, train; 11 dead" PHNO. Dec 30, 2000. Retrieved June 24, 2019.
    —"Bloody Saturday" (Dec. 31, 2000) Philippine Daily Inquirer, pp. A1, A14. Retrieved July 20, 2019.
  76. ^ "Rizal Day bombing chronology" GMA News. Jan. 23, 2009.
    "Life terms for MILF Rizal Day bombers" Philstar.com. Jan. 24, 2009.

    All were retrieved June 17, 2022.
  77. ^ "City History". City of Balanga. Archived from the original on April 4, 2019. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  78. ^ "This Week's Milestones" (From 12-25-2016 to 12-31-2016) Inquirer.net. Retrieved January 31, 2018.
  79. ^ "Executive Order No. 292 [BOOK I/Chapter 7-Regular Holidays and Nationwide Special Days]". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. July 25, 1987. Archived from the original on September 3, 2017. Retrieved February 22, 2022.
  80. ^ Philippine Daily Inquirer (03-06-2000) Retrieved 02-03-2024 — via Google News Archive.
    • Pia Lee–Brago. "Pope honors Filipino, 43 other martyrs". pages A1, A20.
    • Dennis Eroa. "Negros bags Palaro title". page B24.
  81. ^ "Bianca Umali". gmanetwork.com. Retrieved January 23, 2018.
  82. ^ Historical Calendar (1970–2000). Manila: National Historical Institute. 2006. ISBN 971-538-180-4.
  83. ^ Philippine Daily Inquirer (03-21-2000) Retrieved 02-03-2024 — via Google News Archive.
    • R. Nazareno; C. Gaylican. "Mitra to be buried beside lighthouse". pages A1, A18.
    • PDI Mindanao Bureau; C. Balana. "Abu Sayyaf rebels seize 2 Basilan schools". Agence France-Presse. page 3.
  84. ^ From Philippine Headline News Online:
  85. ^ "Navotas mayor dies of cancer" PHNO. May 13, 2000. Retrieved Feb 26, 2022.
  86. ^ "Bacolod massacre sad end of year in Visayas" (01-05-2001) Philippine Daily Inquirer, p. A17. Retrieved on 02-24-2022.
  87. ^ C Gomez; N. Lujan; C. Arzadon (May 17, 2000). "Marcos man Benedicto dies". Philippine Daily Inquirer. p. A2. Retrieved February 1, 2024 – via Google News Archive.
  88. ^ "Sarah Jane, PWA, dead at 25" Archived September 1, 2020, at the Wayback Machine PHNO. December 6, 2000. Retrieved June 24, 2019.

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