2013 Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup

The 2013 Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup was the eighth Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup season, an open-wheel motor racing series for emerging young racing drivers based in Europe. The season began at Hockenheimring on 7 April and ended on 14 October at Zandvoort, after sixteen races at seven events.

The title was clinched by Fortec Motorsports driver Matt Parry, who won five races.^[1] His teammate Jack Aitken finished as runner-up after five podium finishes. Dennis Olsen with three podiums completed the top three in the drivers' standings. Wins in other races were shared between non-regular drivers Oliver Rowland, Steijn Schothorst, Andrea Pizzitola, Esteban Ocon, Óscar Tunjo and Jake Dennis.

Drivers and teams

Team	No.	Driver name	Rounds
Josef Kaufmann Racing	1	Steijn Schothorst^[2]	1, 5–7
	2	Gustav Malja^[3]	1–2, 6
	3	Óscar Tunjo^[2]	2, 4, 6
	4	Dennis Olsen^[2]	All
	5	Louis Delétraz^[4]	All
Inter Europol^[5]	6	Jakub Śmiechowski^[6]	All
Inter Europol^[5]	45	Max Biedermann	6–7
Fortec Motorsports	7	Jake Dennis^[6]	1–2
	8	Mikko Pakkari^[6]	1–2, 5
	9	Ed Jones^[6]	1–2
	28	Shahaan Engineer^[7]	1–2
	29	Philo Paz Armand^[8]	All
	30	Matt Parry^[9]	All
	31	Jack Aitken^[8]	All
	52	Sam MacLeod^[10]	4–6
SL Formula^[5]	10	Cédric Freiburghaus^[6]	All
	11	Simon Stoller^[6]	1–2
	41	Robert Siska^[10]	3–4, 7
	53	Sean Walkinshaw^[10]	4
ART Junior Team^[11]	12	Alberto di Folco^[12]	4–7
	14	Alexandre Baron^[6]	1–2
	15	Esteban Ocon^[6]	1–2, 6
	16	Andrea Pizzitola^[11]	1–2, 4–7
	17	Tanart Sathienthirakul^[11]	All
	18	Nicolas Jamin^[11]	All
	50	Thiago Vivacqua^[13]	6–7
RC Formula	19	Roman Mavlanov^[14]	1–2, 4, 7
RC Formula	20	Aurélien Panis^[15]	1–2
Mark Burdett Racing	21	Andrés Méndez^[16]	All
Mark Burdett Racing	22	Raoul Owens^[17]	All
KEO Racing^[18]	23	Erik Johansson^[6]	1–2
	24	James Fletcher	3
	54	Kevin Kleveros	5
	55	Josef Záruba^[19]	6–7
	56	Michael Markussen	7
JD Motorsport^[20]	25	Juan Branger^[6]	All
JD Motorsport^[20]	26	Jakub Dalewski^[21]	1–6
JTR Racing^[18]	33	Julio Moreno^[22]	All
PositiOne Motorsport^[6]	34	Miika Laiho^[23]	1–3
Fortec Competition	35	Roman Beregech^[8]	All
	36	Ryan Tveter^[24]	All
	37	Alfonso Celis Jr.^[25]	All
	38	Corinna Kamper^[26]	2–7
AV Formula	39	Fran Rueda^[27]	All
	40	Victor Sendin^[27]	1–3
	51	Aleksander Bosak^[28]	5–7
KTR	42	Yu Kanamaru^[22]	1, 5–6
	43	Alex Albon^[22]	1, 6
	44	Ignazio D'Agosto^[22]	1
Manor MP Motorsport	46	Oliver Rowland^[22]	1, 6–7
Manor MP Motorsport	47	Javier Merlo^[22]	1
Krenek Motorsport	49	Christian Malcharek^[26]	2, 6
Jenzer Motorsport	58	Andrew Tang	7
Brixia Horse Power	59	Andrea Baiguera	7

Race calendar and results

The seven-event calendar for the 2013 season was revealed on 2 November 2012.^[29]

Round		Circuit	Date	Pole Position	Fastest Lap	Winning Driver	Winning Team	Event
1	R1	Hockenheimring	6 April	Matt Parry	Esteban Ocon	Esteban Ocon	ART Junior Team	Preis der Stadt Stuttgart
	R2		7 April	Matt Parry	Esteban Ocon	Jake Dennis	Fortec Motorsports
	R3		7 April	Andrea Pizzitola	Andrea Pizzitola	Andrea Pizzitola	ART Junior Team
2	R1	Nürburgring	21 April	Óscar Tunjo	Matt Parry	Matt Parry	Fortec Motorsports	AvD 100 Miles
2	R2	Nürburgring	21 April	Matt Parry	Esteban Ocon	Matt Parry	Fortec Motorsports	AvD 100 Miles
3	R1	Silverstone Circuit	1 June	Jack Aitken	Matt Parry	Matt Parry	Fortec Motorsports	Blancpain Endurance Series
3	R2	Silverstone Circuit	2 June	Jack Aitken	Jack Aitken	Matt Parry	Fortec Motorsports	Blancpain Endurance Series
4	R1	Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps	26 July	Óscar Tunjo	Óscar Tunjo	Óscar Tunjo	Josef Kaufmann Racing	Spa 24 Hours
4	R2	Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps	27 July	Óscar Tunjo	Matt Parry	Matt Parry	Fortec Motorsports	Spa 24 Hours
5	R1	TT Circuit Assen	3 August	Steijn Schothorst	Steijn Schothorst	Steijn Schothorst	Josef Kaufmann Racing	Gamma Racing Day
5	R2	TT Circuit Assen	4 August	Steijn Schothorst	Steijn Schothorst	Steijn Schothorst	Josef Kaufmann Racing	Gamma Racing Day
6	R1	Autodrom Most	31 August	Oliver Rowland	Oliver Rowland	Oliver Rowland	Manor MP Motorsport	ADAC Truck Grand Prix
	R2		1 September	Oliver Rowland	Oliver Rowland	Oliver Rowland	Manor MP Motorsport
	R3		1 September	Andrea Pizzitola	Alex Albon	Steijn Schothorst	Josef Kaufmann Racing
7	R1	Circuit Park Zandvoort	12 October	Oliver Rowland	Oliver Rowland	Oliver Rowland	Manor MP Motorsport	Formido Finaleraces
	R2		13 October	Oliver Rowland	Oliver Rowland	Oliver Rowland	Manor MP Motorsport
	R3		13 October	Dennis Olsen	Race cancelled^{[N 1]}

Championship standings

Championship points were awarded on a 30, 24, 20, 17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 to the top 20 classified finishers in each race.

Pos	Driver	HOC			NÜR		SIL		SPA		ASS		MST			ZAN			Points
Pos	Driver	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	Points
1	Matt Parry	4	3	3	1	1	1	1	2	1	4	2	Ret	23	26	4	Ret	C	289
2	Jack Aitken	5	Ret	22	8	9	2	2	3	20	2	4	4	3	12	5	4	C	230
3	Dennis Olsen	11	16	11	7	12	3	4	12	7	3	3	10	6	10	6	5	C	211
4	Oliver Rowland	3	2	2									1	1	3	1	1	C	208
5	Steijn Schothorst	8	10	5							1	1	5	4	1	2	6	C	202
6	Andrea Pizzitola	6	11	1	Ret	4			23	2	6	6	6	8	5	3	Ret	C	190
7	Nicolas Jamin	31	Ret	28	21	17	4	3	7	10	7	10	11	12	7	15	7	C	144
8	Jakub Dalewski	12	14	10	10	16	8	Ret	10	Ret	Ret	8	7	11	6	7	19	C	135
9	Raoul Owens	13	15	15	Ret	19	12	21	4	3	8	7	9	14	9	20	Ret	C	127
10	Mikko Pakari	2	5	4	5	3					5	5							125
11	Tanart Sathienthirakul	21	13	16	15	18	7	19	9	5	9	12	Ret	10	19	11	8	C	123
12	Esteban Ocon	1	4	8	2	7							Ret	2	Ret				122
13	Óscar Tunjo				3	10			1	Ret			2	5	4				118
14	Alfonso Celis Jr.	Ret	Ret	24	12	13	5	7	20	13	12	11	22	15	21	13	3	C	109
15	Gustav Malja	9	7	7	28	2							3	7	Ret				98
16	Ryan Tveter	30	25	25	Ret	11	19	9	5	4	16	14	19	17	27	9	24	C	87
17	Roman Beregech	17	23	Ret	Ret	15	6	6	Ret	8	Ret	16	Ret	21	17	8	10	C	86
18	Roman Mavlanov	Ret	8	Ret	16	21			8	6						10	2	C	81
19	Louis Delétraz	25	29	19	Ret	14	Ret	5	21	11	11	9	24	16	13	18	17	C	77
20	Alberto di Folco								Ret	12	10	13	13	18	8	12	9	C	73
21	Victor Sendin	10	21	18	6	8	9	13											62
22	Alex Albon	32	9	23									8	9	2				61
23	Shahaan Engineer	7	6	6	9	Ret													56
24	Fran Rueda	Ret	24	Ret	19	20	DNS	12	6	Ret	15	27	14	20	14	22	13	C	56
25	Julio Moreno	29	Ret	29	25	25	10	8	16	14	17	24	21	28	16	28	18	C	48
26	Yu Kanamaru	15	Ret	14							14	15	12	19	11				47
27	Aurélien Panis	18	12	21	4	5													45
28	Philo Paz Armand	22	20	33	17	22	15	15	15	16	21	17	18	22	23	Ret	11	C	45
29	Ed Jones	14	18	13	11	6													43
30	Sam MacLeod								11	9	13	26	16	13	Ret				43
31	Jake Dennis	24	1	9	Ret	DNS													42
32	Cédric Freiburghaus	23	28	26	14	27	16	10	17	Ret	18	21	23	25	22	16	25	C	35
33	Erik Johansson	16	17	12	13	Ret													26
34	Corinna Kamper				20	30	DNS	18	14	Ret	22	23	15	Ret	Ret	29	14	C	24
35	Andrés Méndez	27	Ret	27	22	29	13	16	Ret	15	20	20	28	DNS	DNS	Ret	22	C	21
36	James Fletcher						11	11											20
37	Juan Branger	26	Ret	Ret	26	26	17	14	18	17	25	25	26	24	24				18
38	Andrew Tang															14	12	C	16
39	Aleksander Bosak										23	22	17	30	15	23	16	C	15
40	Jakub Śmiechowski	20	22	31	18	23	DNS	20	13	21	24	19	Ret	DNS	25	21	Ret	C	15
41	Miika Laiho	33	27	32	23	Ret	14	17											11
42	Thiago Vivacqua												Ret	26	28	19	15	C	8
43	Josef Záruba												20	29	18	17	Ret	C	8
44	Robert Siska						18	22	22	19						27	23	C	5
45	Sean Walkinshaw								19	18									5
46	Kevin Kleveros										19	18							5
47	Javier Merlo	19	19	20															5
48	Ignazio D'Agosto	Ret	Ret	17															4
49	Christian Malcharek				24	24							27	Ret	20				1
50	Andrea Baiguera															24	20	C	1
51	Max Biedermann												25	27	Ret	26	21	C	0
52	Michael Markussen															25	Ret	C	0
53	Simon Stoller	28	26	30	27	Ret													0
54	Alexandre Baron	Ret	Ret	DNS	29	28													0
Pos	Driver	HOC			NÜR		SIL		SPA		ASS		MST			ZAN			Points

Colour	Result
Gold	Winner
Silver	Second place
Bronze	Third place
Green	Points finish
Blue	Non-points finish
Blue	Non-classified finish (NC)
Purple	Retired (Ret)
Red	Did not qualify (DNQ)
Red	Did not pre-qualify (DNPQ)
Black	Disqualified (DSQ)
White	Did not start (DNS)
	Withdrew (WD)
	Race cancelled (C)
Blank	Did not practice (DNP)
	Did not arrive (DNA)
	Excluded (EX)

Bold – Pole
Italics – Fastest Lap

Footnotes

^ The third race at Zandvoort was cancelled due to rain.

References

^ Khorounzhiy, Valentin (12 October 2013). "Third victory for Rowland as Parry secures title". Paddock Scout. Retrieved 13 October 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Formula Renault 2.0 Eurocup". Josef Kaufmann Racing. 1 February 2013. Retrieved 6 February 2013.
^ "Gustav Malja signs with Josef Kauffman Racing for Formula Renault 2.0 Eurocup campaign". news.driverdb.com. Driver Database News. 19 December 2012. Archived from the original on 26 June 2015. Retrieved 20 December 2012. will also participate in the three selected rounds of the Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup (NEC) during the season.
^ "Louis Delétraz roulera pour Josef Kaufmann Racing". chequeredflags.fr (in French). ChequeredFlags. 24 January 2013. Archived from the original on 22 September 2013. Retrieved 24 January 2013.
^ ^a ^b "Forty registered cars for Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup 2013". necup.com. Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup. 5 March 2013. Archived from the original on 24 March 2013. Retrieved 5 March 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Khorounzhiy, Valentin (5 March 2013). "40-car entry list for the Formula Renault NEC season". Paddock Scout. Retrieved 6 March 2013.
^ "FR2.0: Шахан Инженир продлил контракт с командой Fortec Motorsports" [Shahaan Engineer extended contract with team Fortec Motorsports] (in Russian). Open Racing.ru. 6 December 2012. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Fortec announce huge Formula Renault NEC entry". fortecmotorsports.com. Fortec Motorsports. 13 February 2013. Archived from the original on 9 July 2015. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
^ Allen, Peter (26 January 2013). "Matt Parry joins Fortec's FR2.0 NEC squad". Paddock Scout. Retrieved 30 January 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Results Free Practice 1" (PDF). Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup. Renault Sport. 25 July 2013. Retrieved 26 July 2013.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "R-ace GP becomes the ART Junior Team!". R-ace GP. 25 February 2013. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
^ "Di Folco nel NEC con la ART" [Di Folco in NEC with ART]. ItaliaRacing.net (in Italian). Inpagina. 16 July 2013. Archived from the original on 7 August 2013. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
^ Allen, Peter (30 August 2013). "Brazilian Vivacqua makes car debut with ART at Most". Paddock Scout. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
^ "Communiqué de presse". rcformula.lu (in French). RC Formula. 21 December 2012. Retrieved 22 December 2012.
^ "Aurélien Panis en Eurocup FR20 en 2013". ffsa.org (in French). Fédération Française du Sport Automobile. 8 January 2013. Archived from the original on 1 January 2015. Retrieved 8 January 2013. Aurélien Panis in Eurocup FR20 in 2013
^ Renard, Guillaume (26 January 2013). "Burdett Motorsport annonce Andrés Méndez". chequeredflags.fr (in French). ChequeredFlags. Archived from the original on 24 May 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2013.
^ Follin, Juliette (1 March 2013). "FR2.0 NEC – Raoul Owens passe chez Mark Burdett en 2013" [Raoul Owens switches to Mark Burdett in 2013] (in French). ChequeredFlags. Archived from the original on 12 April 2013. Retrieved 2 March 2013.
^ ^a ^b "Überwältigende Resonanz auf anstehende Formel Renault 2.0 NEC-Saison" (in German). Renault Sport. 18 February 2013. Archived from the original on 12 April 2013. Retrieved 19 February 2013.
^ "List1 – Autodrom Most". Autodrom Most. Retrieved 29 August 2013.
^ "JD Motorsport at the start of the NEC Formula Renault 2.0 Championship in 2013". JD Motorsport. 6 December 2012. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 12 December 2012.
^ "JD Motorsport Jakub Dalewski together in Formula Renault". JD Motorsport. 22 January 2013. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "NEC Formel Renault – freies Training 1". raceresults.at. 5 April 2013. Archived from the original on 10 July 2015. Retrieved 5 April 2013.
^ "Miika Laiho drives Renault 2.0 Formula car in 2013". miikalaiho.fi. Archived from the original on 10 January 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2013.
^ "Tveter joins Fortec for NEC assault". fortecmotorsports.com. Fortec Motorsports. 23 January 2013. Archived from the original on 9 July 2015. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
^ "Celis Jr. rumbo a Europa" [Celis Jr. bound to Europe] (in Spanish). Open Racing.ru. 6 December 2012. Retrieved 10 February 2013.
^ ^a ^b "Who takes the lead at the Nurburgring?". necup.com. Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup. 17 April 2013. Archived from the original on 9 July 2015. Retrieved 18 April 2013. The base of fourteen different teams is this weekend joined by renowned Czech racing team of Krenek Motorsport. He joins the grid with Slovakian Christian Malcharek. Fortec Competition will be complete again after Corinna Kamper missed out on the first round of Hockenheimring.
^ ^a ^b Khorounzhiy, Valentin (28 February 2013). "AV Formula make NEC switch, confirm Fran Rueda". PaddockScout.com. Retrieved 28 February 2013.
^ "NEC Entry List Assen 2013". automobilsport.com. 30 July 2013. Archived from the original on 4 November 2013. Retrieved 1 August 2013.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
^ "FR.NEC: 7 courses au Calendrier 2013" [7 circuits in Calendar 2013] (in French). FW2VIMAGE.COM. 2 November 2011. Archived from the original on 23 January 2013. Retrieved 3 November 2012.

External links

Official website of the Formula Renault 2.0 NEC championship

[30] The third race at Zandvoort was cancelled due to rain.

[1] Khorounzhiy, Valentin (12 October 2013). "Third victory for Rowland as Parry secures title". Paddock Scout. Retrieved 13 October 2013.

[JK-2] "Formula Renault 2.0 Eurocup". Josef Kaufmann Racing. 1 February 2013. Retrieved 6 February 2013.

[3] "Gustav Malja signs with Josef Kauffman Racing for Formula Renault 2.0 Eurocup campaign". news.driverdb.com. Driver Database News. 19 December 2012. Archived from the original on 26 June 2015. Retrieved 20 December 2012. will also participate in the three selected rounds of the Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup (NEC) during the season.

[4] "Louis Delétraz roulera pour Josef Kaufmann Racing". chequeredflags.fr (in French). ChequeredFlags. 24 January 2013. Archived from the original on 22 September 2013. Retrieved 24 January 2013.

[long-term-5] "Forty registered cars for Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup 2013". necup.com. Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup. 5 March 2013. Archived from the original on 24 March 2013. Retrieved 5 March 2013.

[40_cars-6] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Khorounzhiy, Valentin (5 March 2013). "40-car entry list for the Formula Renault NEC season". Paddock Scout. Retrieved 6 March 2013.

[7] "FR2.0: Шахан Инженир продлил контракт с командой Fortec Motorsports" [Shahaan Engineer extended contract with team Fortec Motorsports] (in Russian). Open Racing.ru. 6 December 2012. Retrieved 21 January 2013.

[Fortec-8] "Fortec announce huge Formula Renault NEC entry". fortecmotorsports.com. Fortec Motorsports. 13 February 2013. Archived from the original on 9 July 2015. Retrieved 13 February 2013.

[9] Allen, Peter (26 January 2013). "Matt Parry joins Fortec's FR2.0 NEC squad". Paddock Scout. Retrieved 30 January 2013.

[Spa-10] "Results Free Practice 1" (PDF). Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup. Renault Sport. 25 July 2013. Retrieved 26 July 2013.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[ART-11] "R-ace GP becomes the ART Junior Team!". R-ace GP. 25 February 2013. Retrieved 26 February 2013.

[12] "Di Folco nel NEC con la ART" [Di Folco in NEC with ART]. ItaliaRacing.net (in Italian). Inpagina. 16 July 2013. Archived from the original on 7 August 2013. Retrieved 16 July 2013.

[13] Allen, Peter (30 August 2013). "Brazilian Vivacqua makes car debut with ART at Most". Paddock Scout. Retrieved 1 September 2013.

[14] "Communiqué de presse". rcformula.lu (in French). RC Formula. 21 December 2012. Retrieved 22 December 2012.

[15] "Aurélien Panis en Eurocup FR20 en 2013". ffsa.org (in French). Fédération Française du Sport Automobile. 8 January 2013. Archived from the original on 1 January 2015. Retrieved 8 January 2013. Aurélien Panis in Eurocup FR20 in 2013

[16] Renard, Guillaume (26 January 2013). "Burdett Motorsport annonce Andrés Méndez". chequeredflags.fr (in French). ChequeredFlags. Archived from the original on 24 May 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2013.

[17] Follin, Juliette (1 March 2013). "FR2.0 NEC – Raoul Owens passe chez Mark Burdett en 2013" [Raoul Owens switches to Mark Burdett in 2013] (in French). ChequeredFlags. Archived from the original on 12 April 2013. Retrieved 2 March 2013.

[JTR_KEO-18] "Überwältigende Resonanz auf anstehende Formel Renault 2.0 NEC-Saison" (in German). Renault Sport. 18 February 2013. Archived from the original on 12 April 2013. Retrieved 19 February 2013.

[Most-19] "List1 – Autodrom Most". Autodrom Most. Retrieved 29 August 2013.

[20] "JD Motorsport at the start of the NEC Formula Renault 2.0 Championship in 2013". JD Motorsport. 6 December 2012. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 12 December 2012.

[21] "JD Motorsport Jakub Dalewski together in Formula Renault". JD Motorsport. 22 January 2013. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 22 January 2013.

[Hockenheim-22] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "NEC Formel Renault – freies Training 1". raceresults.at. 5 April 2013. Archived from the original on 10 July 2015. Retrieved 5 April 2013.

[23] "Miika Laiho drives Renault 2.0 Formula car in 2013". miikalaiho.fi. Archived from the original on 10 January 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2013.

[24] "Tveter joins Fortec for NEC assault". fortecmotorsports.com. Fortec Motorsports. 23 January 2013. Archived from the original on 9 July 2015. Retrieved 23 January 2013.

[25] "Celis Jr. rumbo a Europa" [Celis Jr. bound to Europe] (in Spanish). Open Racing.ru. 6 December 2012. Retrieved 10 February 2013.

[Nuerburgring-26] "Who takes the lead at the Nurburgring?". necup.com. Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup. 17 April 2013. Archived from the original on 9 July 2015. Retrieved 18 April 2013. The base of fourteen different teams is this weekend joined by renowned Czech racing team of Krenek Motorsport. He joins the grid with Slovakian Christian Malcharek. Fortec Competition will be complete again after Corinna Kamper missed out on the first round of Hockenheimring.

[AV-27] Khorounzhiy, Valentin (28 February 2013). "AV Formula make NEC switch, confirm Fran Rueda". PaddockScout.com. Retrieved 28 February 2013.

[28] "NEC Entry List Assen 2013". automobilsport.com. 30 July 2013. Archived from the original on 4 November 2013. Retrieved 1 August 2013.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)

[29] "FR.NEC: 7 courses au Calendrier 2013" [7 circuits in Calendar 2013] (in French). FW2VIMAGE.COM. 2 November 2011. Archived from the original on 23 January 2013. Retrieved 3 November 2012.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[N 1]