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2022 Philippine general election

From Wikipedia - Reading time: 46 min
For specific elections, see 2022 Philippine presidential election, 2022 Philippine Senate election, 2022 Philippine House of Representatives elections, and 2022 Philippine gubernatorial elections.
2022 Philippine general election
← 2019 May 9, 2022 2025 →
Registered67,523,697
Turnout56,028,855 (82.98% Increase8.67pp from 2019)
← 2016
2028 →
 
Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr (cropped).jpg
VP_Leni_Robredo_official_portrait_(cropped).jpg
Pacquiao_and_Didal_(cropped).jpg
Candidate Bongbong Marcos Leni Robredo Manny Pacquiao
Party PFP Independent[a] PROMDI
Alliance UniTeam TRoPa MP3
Running mate Sara Duterte Francis Pangilinan Lito Atienza
Popular vote 31,629,783 15,035,773 3,663,113
Percentage 58.77% 27.94% 6.81%
President before election

Rodrigo Duterte
PDP–Laban

Elected President

Bongbong Marcos
PFP

← 2016
2028 →
 
VPSDPortrait (cropped) (3).jpg
Senkikopangilinan.jpg
Tito Sotto III (cropped).jpg
Candidate Sara Duterte Francis Pangilinan Tito Sotto
Party Lakas Liberal NPC
Alliance UniTeam TRoPa Reporma–NPC
Popular vote 32,208,417 9,329,207 8,251,267
Percentage 61.53% 17.82% 15.67%
Vice President before election

Leni Robredo
Liberal

Elected Vice President

Sara Duterte
Lakas

← 2019
2025 →
12 of the 24 seats of the Senate of the Philippines
13 seats needed for a majority
 
Alliance UniTeam Reporma–NPC TRoPa
Seats won 4+2 guests 3+1 guest 1+2 guests
Popular vote 120,752,210 82,579,024 53,753,651
Percentage 27.95% 19.12% 12.44%
House of Representatives elections
← 2019
2025 →
All 316 seats of the House of Representatives of the Philippines
159 seats needed for a majority
Party Vote % Seats +/–
PDP–Laban

22.77 66 −16
Nacionalista

13.75 36 −6
NUP

12.66 33 +8
NPC

11.72 35 −2
Lakas

9.22 26 +14
Liberal

3.79 10 −8
Others

26.09 47 +20
Party-list

— 63 +2
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
Speaker before Speaker after
Lord Allan Velasco
PDP–Laban		 Martin Romualdez
Lakas
Politics of the Philippines
Government
Executive
Legislature
Judiciary
Constitutional commissions
Elections
Political parties
Administrative divisions
Related topics
flag Philippines portal

The 2022 Philippine general election took place on May 9, 2022, for the executive and legislative branches of government at every level – national, provincial, and local – except for the barangay officials.

At the top of the ballot is the election for the successors to President Rodrigo Duterte and Vice President Leni Robredo. There were also elections for:[1]

The first election of the Bangsamoro Parliament was scheduled to be held on the same date, but was rescheduled to 2025.

This is the first election in Davao de Oro under that name, as it was renamed from Compostela Valley in December 2019 after a successful plebiscite.

Logo for the 2022 NLE used for public materials and election awareness campaigns.

Preparation

[edit]

Commission on Elections membership

[edit]

In September 2020, President Rodrigo Duterte appointed lawyer Michael Peloton as commissioner, filling in for the seat vacated by Luie Tito Guia's retirement. As this was a regular appointment as opposed to an ad interim one made when Congress is in recess, Peloton had to be confirmed by the Commission on Appointments before he could take office.[2] In November, Duterte appointed Davao del Norte election supervisor Aimee Ferolino Ampoloquio to the seat vacated by Al Parreño.[3]

By October 2021, there were reports that Duterte would appoint Melvin Matibag, the secretary-general of the PDP–Laban faction preferred by the former, as chairman. Matibag denied he knew about talks of him being appointed as chairman.[4] Several weeks later, Duterte appointed Rey Bulay, chief prosecutor of Manila, as commissioner, with a term ending in 2027, replacing Peloton, who was rejected by the Commission on Appointments.[5] Bulay was accepted by the Commission on Appointments on December 1.[6]

Chairman Sheriff Abas and commissioners Rowena Guanzon and Antonio Kho Jr. retired on February 2, 2022.[7] Over a month later, acting presidential spokesperson Martin Andanar announced the appointments of Saidamen Balt Pangarungan as chairman, and George Erwin Garcia and Aimee Neri as commissioners.[8] Garcia, who lists presidential candidate Bongbong Marcos as a previous client, promised to inhibit (i.e., recuse) himself from cases involving his former clients, including Marcos.[9]

Voter registration

[edit]
Vote-rich provinces, or provinces and Metro Manila as a whole that have more than one million voters. Nationally elected candidates and parties typically campaign in these areas to reduce costs.

Voter registration began on January 20, 2020, and was scheduled to end on September 30, 2021. The commission expects 4.3 million eligible voters to register. Registration was suspended in some areas in Cavite, Laguna and Batangas due to the Taal Volcano eruption, and in Makilala, Cotabato due to an earthquake.[10] However, even before registration for 2022 opened, many voters enrolled early between August 1 and September 30, 2019, ahead of the barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan elections. These were initially scheduled for May 11, 2020, but were eventually postponed after the general election to December 5, 2022.[11][12]

On March 10, 2020, the commission suspended voter registration in the entire country due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines.[13] By June, the commission announced its initial resumption on July 1.[14] However, the commission suspended voter registration anew up to August 31.[15] The commission later stated on August 15 that voter registration would resume on September 1 in areas under general community quarantine (GCQ) or modified general community quarantine (MGCQ). Areas under enhanced community quarantine (ECQ) and modified enhanced community quarantine (MECQ) will have their registration suspended.[16]

Registration in the province of Palawan was also suspended due to the plebiscite to divide it into three provinces on March 13, 2021.[17] The plebiscite was originally set for May 11, 2020, but was rescheduled due to the pandemic.[18][19]

In some areas, almost eight months of voter registration were lost due to lockdowns.[20] There were calls to extend voter registration after September 30, 2021, but the commission rejected this, saying that this will delay other election-related activities.[21] The commission instead allowed voter registration to continue in areas under MECQ starting on September 6, with longer hours and in malls.[22]

With barely a week before the close of registration, the Senate passed a bill on second reading extending registration for another month.[23] The House of Representatives passed a similar bill days later, also on second reading.[24] Earlier, both chambers separately passed resolutions urging the commission to extend registration,[25] while the Senate threatened to cut the commission's 2022 budget if registration was not extended.[26] On the eve of the end of registration, Sheriff Abas announced that they approved extending registration from October 11 to 30 for voters in the Philippines, and from October 1 to 14 for overseas voters.[27] On the same day, President Duterte signed into law extending registration for 30 days from when it was made effective.[28]

After extended registration ended, the commission announced that 400,000 people registered in October.[29] The commission tallied 65,745,529 voters in the Philippines, with Calabarzon being the region with the most voters, with 9.1 million. The total was almost 4 million more compared to 2019.[30] By January 2022, the commission announced that they will print 67,442,714 ballots, with 1,697,202 of these for overseas absentee voting.[31] The commission later released per-location total of registered voters, with Cebu (including independent cities associated with it) as the most vote-rich province, Quezon City as the most vote-rich city, and Calabarzon as the most vote-rich region.[32]

In connection to the 2021 Southeast Asian Games which were held in Vietnam from May 12 to 23, 2022, the Philippine Sports Commission lobbied the commission to allow the participants to vote as local absentee voters. The commission denied the request, saying that unless a participant is a government official or employee, a member of either the Philippine National Police or Armed Forces of the Philippines who was assigned in places where one is not a voter, or media covering the games, the athlete cannot vote as a local absentee voter.[33]

Election automation and logistics

[edit]

Camarines Sur Representative Luis Raymund Villafuerte proposed to use a hybrid electoral system in 2022, or manual counting of votes, then electronic transmission of results. This is in contrast to the automated counting and transmission system used since 2010. He cited 40 lawsuits on the current system used by the Commission on Elections as evidence to shift away from automated counting of votes.[34] President Rodrigo Duterte suggested junking Smartmatic as the automation partner for future elections because of problems from the previous election.[35] However, Smartmatic expressed its interest to participate in future elections.[36] In May 2021, the commission awarded the contract to conduct automated elections, specifically the software that will be used in the voting machines, to Smartmatic.[37][38]

Administration of logistics related to the election was awarded to F2 Logistics in August 2021.[39] A former commissioner questioned the deal because of the company's association with Dennis Uy, who donated to Duterte's 2016 presidential campaign.[40] The commission stated that the deal with F2 Logistics is legal and valid.[41]

Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic

[edit]
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines

In April 2020, COMELEC Commissioner Rowena Guanzon proposed voting by mail as an option in the elections, mainly due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[42] By May 2021, Commissioner Antonio Kho Jr. said that voting hours would be extended, as the eight-hour timeframe given for previous elections could not be used any longer. As for multiple days of voting, Kho said that only a law passed by Congress would allow that to happen.[43]

Senator Migz Zubiri, in a privileged speech, disclosed that he commissioned a Pulse Asia survey in July 2021 which said that 46% of voters will not vote if COVID-19 cases in their barangay are high on election day, with 35% willing to vote and 19% undecided. Zubiri questioned if the public would accept the results if less than a majority of voters turned out to vote.[44]

Postponement of the elections due to COVID-19

[edit]

The 1987 Constitution of the Philippines states that unless otherwise provided by law, the election of members of Congress is held on the second Monday of May.[45] According to Republic Act No. 7166, the election for national, provincial, city and municipal positions are held on the second Monday of May, since 1992, and every three years thereafter, with the president and vice president being elected in six-year intervals.[46] It has been three years since the 2019 general election and six years since the 2016 presidential election, and with no law postponing the election to date,[when?] this meant that the election was scheduled to be held on May 9, 2022.

However, some congressmen and government officials suggested postponing the election due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines.[47][48][49] Sherriff Abas, the chairman of the commission, said that it had not entered their minds, that the terms are fixed, adding that they are planning on having the vote over two days.[50] Postponement is only possible if Congress passes a law permitting such, and if it is approved by the people in a plebiscite. The commission has no part in scheduling the election outside from what is mandated by the constitution.[51]

A group called Coalition for Life and Democracy petitioned the commission to postpone the elections due to the ongoing pandemic. The group conceded that only Congress can postpone the election, and that their petition contained different dates to hold the election: the body of the petition called for it to be rescheduled to May 2023, but the prayer in it called for May 2025.[52] Another petition that would affect the election's date was filed on December 31 by the Cusi wing of PDP–Laban. Their petition aimed to re-open the filing of candidacies, and to suspend the printing of ballots.[53] The commission tackled both petitions, and announced that both were unanimously dismissed on January 12.[54]

Postponement of the Bangsamoro Parliament election

[edit]
Main article: 2025 Bangsamoro Parliament election

In November 2020, the 80-person Bangsamoro Parliament passed a resolution urging Congress to extend the transition from June 2022 to 2025. If Congress agreed, no election would be held.[55] By July 2021, Senator Migz Zubiri said that postponing the Bangsamoro election to 2025 is likely.[56] In September, the Senate passed a bill postponing the election to 2025.[57] A few days later, the House of Representatives passed their own version of the bill.[57] As the two bills are different, they had to be reconciled before being sent to President Duterte for his signature.[58] The conference committee approved the Senate version, giving the winner of the 2022 presidential election the power of appointing the next transitional parliament.[59] Duterte then signed the bill into law, postponing the election to 2025.[60]

Electoral system

[edit]
Main article: Elections in the Philippines

In the Philippines, congressional and local elections, excluding the regional and barangay levels, have been synchronized to be held on the second Monday of May every three years, starting in 1992. Presidents and vice presidents have six-year terms, so they are only elected on even-numbered years (1992, 1998, and so on). Elections where the presidency is not on the ballot are called midterm elections, and occur on odd-numbered years (1995, 2001, and so on).

Every seat up for election is voted on separately. Since 2010, general elections have been automated, with voters shading an oval next to their chosen candidate.[61] For executive positions, elections are decided via the first-past-the-post voting (FPTP) system, where the voter has one choice. Elections to the Senate and local legislatures are held via multiple non-transferable vote, where the voter has x number of choices depending on the number of seats up for election (12 in the case of the Senate), and the x candidates with the highest number of votes win. For House elections, each voter has two votes, one via FPTP, and the other via a modified party-list proportional representation system.[62]

Elections are organized, run, and adjudicated by the Commission on Elections (COMELEC), an independent governmental body. Appeals are allowed under certain conditions to the Regional Trial Courts, the Congress, or the Supreme Court, sitting as the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal, the Senate Electoral Tribunal, or the Presidential Electoral Tribunal depending on the election being appealed.

Calendar

[edit]

The election calendar was published by COMELEC in February 2021:[63]

Timetable

[edit]
Activity Start End
Voter registration January 20, 2020 March 9, 2020
Suspension of voter registration nationwide due to the COVID-19 pandemic March 10, 2020 August 31, 2020
Holding of political conventions September 1, 2021 September 28, 2021
Resumption of voter registration September 1, 2020 September 30, 2021
Filing of certificates of candidacies October 1, 2021 October 8, 2021
Extension of voter registration for overseas voters[27] October 1, 2021 October 14, 2021
Extension of voter registration for voters in the Philippines[27] October 11, 2021 October 30, 2021
Deadline in substituting a candidate for it to appear on the ballot November 15, 2021
Printing of ballots January 20, 2022[64] April 2, 2022
Election period
  • Prohibition on carrying and usage of firearms
  • Prohibition on suspending from office of local elective officials
 January 9, 2022 June 8, 2022
Campaign period for nationally elected positions February 8, 2022 May 7, 2022
Campaign period for locally elected positions March 25, 2022
Voting for overseas voters April 10, 2022 May 9, 2022
Election silence (Maundy Thursday and Good Friday) April 14, 2022 April 15, 2022
Voting for local absentee voters in the Philippines April 27, 2022 April 29, 2022
Election silence May 8, 2022
Election day; voting for non-absentee voters in the Philippines May 9, 2022 May 9, 2022
Counting of votes for city and municipal officials May 9, 2022 May 12, 2022
Counting of votes for provincial officials and members of Congress May 10, 2022 May 16, 2022
Term of office of winning candidates for local officials and House representatives June 30, 2022 June 30, 2025
Term of office of winning candidates for president, vice president and senators June 30, 2028

Ballot printing was initially scheduled to start on January 15, 2022.[65] However, technical issues hounded the printing, and the commission postponed it to January 17,[66] and then to January 19.[67] The commission started printing ballots on January 20, 2022.[68]

Parties and coalitions

[edit]
See also: Political parties in the Philippines

As this was a presidential election year, presidential candidates could endorse a running mate for vice president, a senatorial slate, district and party-list representatives, and local officials, who may not necessarily be of the same party or coalition. According to Joy Aceron, an academic from the Ateneo De Manila University, political parties in the Philippines have been described as "temporary political alliances", or it is argued that there are no parties at all, merely "fan clubs of politicians". Party-switching is not uncommon, and the dependence of parties on personalities instead of issues is seen as a factor of why this is so.[69][70]

Parties and seats held prior to the elections

[edit]

The following table is sorted by which party holds the presidency, vice presidency, number of House seats, and number of Senate seats.

Party Abbr. Leaders Ideology House seats Senate seats Endorsed presidential candidate
Chairperson President
Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan
Philippine Democratic Party-People's Power 		Cusi wing PDP–Laban President Rodrigo Duterte Energy Secretary Alfonso Cusi[71] Social democracy[72][73][74]

Democratic socialism[75]

62 / 304
5 / 24
 Bongbong Marcos[76]
Pimentel wing Senator Koko Pimentel Senator Manny Pacquiao Manny Pacquiao[77]
Liberal Party
Liberal Party 		LP Vice President Leni Robredo Senator Francis Pangilinan Liberalism[78]
16 / 304
3 / 24
 Leni Robredo[79]
Nacionalista Party
Nationalist Party 		NP Senator Cynthia Villar Former Senate President Manny Villar Conservatism[80][81]
42 / 304
4 / 24
 Bongbong Marcos[82]
Nationalist People's Coalition NPC Senate President Tito Sotto Former House Representative from Isabela Giorgidi Aggabao Conservatism[69]
33 / 304
3 / 24
 None[b][83]
National Unity Party NUP Former House Representative from Antipolo Ronaldo Puno House Representative from Cavite Elpidio Barzaga Jr. Social conservatism, Christian democracy[69]
44 / 304
0 / 24
 Bongbong Marcos[84]
Lakas–Christian Muslim Democrats
People Power-Christian Muslim Democrats 		Lakas–CMD Davao City Mayor Sara Duterte House Representative from Leyte Martin Romualdez Christian democracy,[85][86] Islamic democracy
19 / 304
1 / 24
 Bongbong Marcos[87]
Makabayang Koalisyon ng Mamamayan
Patriotic Coalition of the People 		Makabayan or MKM Former House Representative for Bayan Muna Satur Ocampo Progressivism,[70] National Democracy[88]
6 / 304
0 / 24
 Leni Robredo[89]
Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino
Struggle of Democratic Filipinos 		LDP Senator Sonny Angara House Representative from Aurora Bella Angara Economic liberalism[69]
2 / 304
1 / 24
 None yet[needs update]
Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma
Party for Democratic Reforms 		Reporma or PDR Vacant House Representative from Davao del Norte Pantaleon Alvarez Conservative liberalism
1 / 304
1 / 24
 Leni Robredo[90]
Aksyon Demokratiko
Democratic Action 		Aksyon Ernesto Ramel Jr. Manila Mayor Isko Moreno Progressivism, liberal democracy[69]
1 / 304
0 / 24
 Isko Moreno[91]
Akbayan Citizens Action Party Akbayan Gio Tiongson Rafaela David Progressivism, democratic socialism[69]
0 / 304
1 / 24
 Leni Robredo[92]
Progressive Movement for the Devolution of Initiatives PROMDI Senator Manny Pacquiao (honorary chairperson) Mimo Osmeña Devolution
0 / 304
1 / 24
 Manny Pacquiao[93]
Partido Federal ng Pilipinas
Federal Party of the Philippines 		PFP Former Senator Bongbong Marcos South Cotabato Governor Reynaldo Tamayo Jr. Federalism[70]
0 / 304
0 / 24
 Bongbong Marcos[94]
  1. ^ Liberal Party member running as an independent
  2. ^ Some members of the party supported candidates other than Lacson. Therefore, the party has no official endorsed presidential candidate.

National conventions and assemblies

[edit]

National political conventions and assemblies were held to nominate candidates for the upcoming election.[95] The PDP–Laban's two factions held separate conventions. On September 8, 2021, the Cusi faction held their national convention in San Fernando, Pampanga, where they selected Senator Bong Go as their presidential nominee and incumbent President Rodrigo Duterte as his running mate. They also nominated eight people for senator.[96] The opposing faction led by Pimentel held their convention in Quezon City on September 19. Senator Manny Pacquiao was nominated as their presidential candidate.[97] On the same day, the Partido Federal ng Pilipinas (PFP) held their own convention, nominating former Senator Bongbong Marcos as their presidential candidate.[94] He was also nominated by the Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (KBL) at their convention on September 24.[98] National democracy coalition Makabayan held its assembly on September 27 and nominated members for its party lists.[99] The Aksyon Demokratiko party also held their convention on September 27 in Manila, selecting Manila Mayor Isko Moreno and Willie Ong as their standard bearers for the presidential and vice presidential elections respectively.[91] Aksyon also nominated two people for Senate. PROMDI held their national convention in Cebu City on the same day, nominating Pacquiao for president and approving an electoral alliance with the Pimentel faction of PDP–Laban.[93] On September 28, two labor parties, Labor Party Philippines (LPP) and Partido Lakas ng Manggagawang Pilipino (PLMP), held their political convention in Mabalacat. This convention nominated Marcos for president, approved an electoral alliance between LPP and PLMP, endorsed the Asenso Manileño party list, and approved partnerships between LPP and KBL and PFP. The Partido Lakas ng Masa (PLM) held their national convention on the same day and nominated labor leader Leody de Guzman for president.[100] Former Akbayan representative Walden Bello was eventually chosen to be his running mate.[101]

Some of the results of the national conventions were noticeably not followed. For the Cusi faction of the PDP–Laban, Go declined to run for president, and Duterte, who originally accepted the nomination,[102] changed his mind and announced his retirement from politics.[103] In the end, Go became the vice presidential nominee,[104] while Ronald dela Rosa was named their presidential nominee.[105] Pacquiao ran under the PROMDI party instead of PDP–Laban, after the Pimentel faction forged an electoral alliance with them.[106][107] Marcos, who was nominated by at least four parties, chose to run under the PFP.[108] The Makabayan bloc would also later endorse incumbent VP Robredo and Senator Francis Pangilinan as their presidential and vice presidential candidates respectively.[109]

In the flurry of substitutions prior to the deadline, Duterte and Go, erstwhile PDP–Laban politicians, were to run under the Pederalismo ng Dugong Dakilang Samahan as senator and president respectively, to avoid legal complications amidst the ongoing dispute in PDP–Laban.[110] Go announced his withdrawal from the presidential election on November 30, 2021.[111]

Coalitions

[edit]

The Philippines is a multi-party democracy. This means parties enter into coalitions and alliances with each other prior to, during, and after elections in order to be part of the government. These coalitions are ordered by formalization date.

Coalition Parties Presidential ticket Senatorial slate
President Vice president

MP3 Alliance
Formalized September 18, 2021[112] 		PDP–Laban Pimentel wing Manny Pacquiao
PROMDI 		Lito Atienza
PROMDI
PROMDI
People's Champ Movement
Tuloy ang Pagbabago coalition
Formalized September 23, 2021[113] 		PDP–Laban Cusi wing none Sara Duterte
Lakas–CMD
Pederalismo ng Dugong Dakilang Samahan (PDDS)

UniTeam
Formalized November 25, 2021[114] 		Partido Federal ng Pilipinas (PFP) Bongbong Marcos
PFP
Lakas–CMD
Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino (PMP)
Hugpong ng Pagbabago (HNP)

Team Robredo–Pangilinan 		Liberal Party (LP) Leni Robredo
Independent 		Francis Pangilinan
Liberal
Akbayan
Katipunan ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino (KANP)
Ang Kapatiran

Laban ng Masa 		Partido Lakas ng Masa (PLM) Leody de Guzman
PLM 		Walden Bello
PLM
Sanlakas

Issues

[edit]

Relationship with China

[edit]
Main article: China–Philippines relations

Laura del Rosario, former Undersecretary for International Economic Affairs, alleged that to ensure a pro-Chinese leader is elected, multiple candidates would be clandestinely supported by China, and encouraged the public to reject these "Manchurian candidates".[115] China was involved in territorial disputes with the Philippines throughout the election period. Rodrigo Duterte's office described former Secretary of Foreign Affairs Albert del Rosario's allegation that he received support from China in 2016 as nonsensical.[116]

Candidate substitution

[edit]

Substitution of candidates aside from death or illness is allowed in the Philippines, under the Omnibus Election Code. A substitute can replace a withdrawn candidate only on COMELEC's set schedule; for death or disqualification, the substitute can replace the original candidate until midday on election day.[117] Notably, incumbent president Rodrigo Duterte was a substitute in 2016.[118] Deputy speaker Rufus Rodriguez proposed to ban such substitutions, and to reimpose the old rule that requires candidates to resign from any political positions they hold when running for a different position.[119] The commission promised to be firm on rules regarding substitution after Sara Duterte missed the deadline to file for presidential candidacy.[120]

Smartmatic data breach

[edit]

On January 10, 2022, the Manila Bulletin published an article alleging that COMELEC's servers were hacked by a group who downloaded more than 60 gigabytes of data containing usernames and passwords for the vote-counting machines (VCMs), and other sensitive information.[121] The commission initially denied its servers were breached and asserted that their system has not yet been connected to any network and no PINs have been generated.[122] Following the report, the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) launched its own investigation into the incident.[123] Another investigation by the Department of Information and Communications Technology (DICT) asserted that it was not COMELEC that was hacked, but its software contractor, Smartmatic.[124] A public hearing was held by the Senate. On March 17, 2022 after the Senate's executive session with COMELEC officials, senators Imee Marcos and Tito Sotto revealed that Smartmatic was breached after an employee allowed a group to copy data from a company-issued laptop.[125][126] The commission later met with Smartmatic officials on March 31.[127] On April 1, COMELEC confirmed the Smartmatic breach, but clarified that the leaked data was not related to the elections, and the SD cards for the VCMs were not compromised.[128]

[edit]

Even before election day, multiple cases of gun violence and attacks were reported in different areas of the country. In Ilocos Sur, a shoot-out led to 2 injuries.

COMELEC placed the following areas under strict control. Once an area is placed under the commission's control, it has direct supervision over officials and employees, and full control over law enforcement agencies guarding the area. Prior to the release of the initial two places, the commission withheld releasing a list of such areas because it had not yet been validated.[129] Most of the places under commission control are located in Mindanao.

On the election day itself, several separate incidents of grenade explosions were reported in the Maguindanaon towns of Datu Unsay and Shariff Aguak, which resulted in nine minor injuries.[132] In Buluan in the same province, a shooting led to the deaths of three guards.[133][134] In Datu Piang, six were hurt when a grenade exploded in front of a polling center.[135]

One day after the elections, escalating protests at the Butig town hall in Lanao del Sur resulted in multiple injuries and damage to the hall's windows. The AFP calmed down the situation after sending additional personnel to the area. Accusations of electoral cheating by bringing VCMs into the hall as well as allegations of ballot fraud were seen as the primary reasons for the conflict between the two camps in the mayoral race.

Issues with vote-counting machines

[edit]

Out of the 106,174 VCMs used in the elections,[136] about 1,800 malfunctioned in election day. Commissioner George Garcia listed the common issues that the VCMs encountered as follows:[137]

  • 940 VCMs had a paper jam
  • 606 VCMs rejected ballots
  • 158 VCMs had scanner issues
  • 87 VCMs were not printing
  • 76 VCMs were not printing properly

The affected VCMs were repaired by technicians and only ten faulty machines needed to be replaced.

Voters in several precincts complained about the ordeal and many of them exceeded the allotted voting time during election day due to delays and machine malfunctions. Many were told to leave their ballots for the precinct director to scan, with some required to sign a waiver. This resulted in dismay from voters with many rejecting the offer. Some ballots which were successfully entered into the VCMs were reportedly not counted after the machine broke down requiring a designated technician to repair or replace it. COMELEC then ordered a temporary time extension for the precincts encountering problems.

According to national security adviser Hermogenes Esperon Jr., there were more than 20,000 attempts to hack the VCM system and automated fraud attempts but all were prevented. Esperon also noted that the number of malfunctioning VCMs did not reach one percent of the total number of VCMs that were used during the elections, signifying that the system was effective.[138]

Observations

[edit]

The International Coalition for Human Rights in the Philippines (ICHRP), a global human rights group, released its final report in June 2022. The report said the elections failed to meet the standards of "free, honest, and fair" voting, citing reports of human rights violations and fraud. The ICHRP recommended the restructuring of COMELEC and replacing VCMs for future elections.[139]

Campaign

[edit]

Campaigning for nationally elected positions began on February 8, 2022. COMELEC, due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, prohibited entering houses, kissing and hugging, and taking selfies with voters. Campaigns also required approval from the local elections office before being allowed to start. The commission also set up a Facebook page for its e-rallies, allowing candidates and parties a limited time to campaign.[140] With most of the country being placed in Alert Level 1, the commission recalibrated its rules on March 16, increasing the capacity for venues and removing the need for permits for localities in levels 1 and 2.[141]

The commission, as mandated by the Fair Elections Act, also banned campaign paraphernalia outside the common posting areas in every locality, in public spaces, and in private property without the owner's consent.[142]

Oplan Baklas

[edit]

The Philippine National Police started Oplan Baklas (lit. 'operation plan remove') on the first day of campaigning.[143] The Leni Robredo presidential campaign, citing the arbitrary application of the law, was considering legal action in response to the actions of the authorities, as they removed campaign materials from private property. This followed the removal of campaign materials from their media center in Quezon City, and from their Santiago, Isabela campaign headquarters.[144] Interior Secretary Eduardo Año defended the police actions, saying that private property owners were notified of the violations before the campaign materials were removed.[145] 1Sambayan cited the Diocese of Bacolod v. COMELEC Supreme Court case, which states "COMELEC [has] no legal basis to regulate expressions made by private citizens."[146] On March 8, the Supreme Court issued a restraining order against the operation.[147]

One day after the elections, the MMDA and several LGUs conducted widespread enforcement, removing campaign posters and electoral paraphernalia. Posters near schools and government buildings were prioritized for clearance ahead of incoming classes. A week after the election, the MMDA had removed more than 470 tons of campaign material.[148]

In March 2024, almost two years after the election, the Supreme Court ruled Oplan Baklas, as it pertains to removal of campaign materials in private property, as unconstitutional, citing the aforementioned Diocese of Bacolod v. COMELEC case as precedent.[149]

Candidates

[edit]

These are the candidates for national-level positions, except for party list candidates:

  1. ^ Originally ran under Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma; resigned from the party mid-way through the campaign. Still labeled as a Reporma candidate on official ballots.
  2. ^ Liberal Party member running as an independent
  3. ^ Withdrew; name remained on ballot

Results

[edit]

COMELEC announced that there would be 18,180 posts up for election, including the 80 seats that would have been contested in the Bangsamoro Parliament.[1] The commission then announced that there will be 18,100 posts up, with a total of 47,853 candidates running across all posts.[150]

Overseas absentee voting began on April 10 and ended on May 9, election day in the Philippines. There were about 1.6 million registered voters outside the country.[151]

The commission declared the winners for all positions except for president and vice president, who were declared by Congress.

For president

[edit]
Main article: 2022 Philippine presidential election
Map showing which presidential candidate won each province and select cities

The presidential election determined the successor of Rodrigo Duterte, who was term-limited and thus could not run for re-election. COMELEC released the official list of candidates on January 18, 2022, with 10 candidates listed on the final ballot.[152][153]

Bongbong Marcos was elected with over 31 million votes.[154][155]

CandidatePartyVotes%
Bongbong MarcosPartido Federal ng Pilipinas31,629,78358.77
Leni RobredoIndependent[a]15,035,77327.94
Manny PacquiaoPROMDI3,663,1136.81
Isko MorenoAksyon Demokratiko1,933,9093.59
Panfilo LacsonIndependent[b]892,3751.66
Faisal MangondatoKatipunan ng Kamalayang Kayumanggi301,6290.56
Ernesto AbellaIndependent114,6270.21
Leody de GuzmanPartido Lakas ng Masa93,0270.17
Norberto GonzalesPartido Demokratiko Sosyalista ng Pilipinas90,6560.17
Jose Montemayor Jr.Democratic Party of the Philippines60,5920.11
Total53,815,484100.00
Valid votes53,815,48496.05
Invalid/blank votes2,213,3713.95
Total votes56,028,855100.00
Registered voters/turnout67,523,69782.98
Source: Congress (vote totals); COMELEC (election day turnout, absentee turnout)
  1. ^ Liberal Party member running as an independent
  2. ^ Originally ran under Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma; resigned from the party mid-way through the campaign. Still labeled as a Reporma candidate on the official ballots.

For vice president

[edit]
Map showing which vice presidential candidate won each province and select cities

The vice presidential election determined the successor of Leni Robredo, who was eligible for a second term but decided to run for president. COMELEC released the official list of candidates on January 18, 2022.[153] There were nine candidates on the ballot.

Sara Duterte, daughter of outgoing president Rodrigo Duterte, was elected with over 32 million votes.[154]

CandidatePartyVotes%
Sara Duterte[a]Lakas–CMD32,208,41761.53
Francis Pangilinan[b]Liberal Party9,329,20717.82
Tito Sotto[c]Nationalist People's Coalition8,251,26715.76
Willie OngAksyon Demokratiko1,878,5313.59
Lito AtienzaPROMDI270,3810.52
Manny SD LopezLabor Party Philippines159,6700.31
Walden BelloPartido Lakas ng Masa100,8270.19
Carlos SerapioKatipunan ng Kamalayang Kayumanggi90,9890.17
Rizalito DavidDemocratic Party of the Philippines56,7110.11
Total52,346,000100.00
Valid votes52,346,00093.43
Invalid/blank votes3,682,8556.57
Total votes56,028,855100.00
Registered voters/turnout67,523,69782.98
Source: Congress (vote totals); COMELEC (election day turnout, absentee turnout)
  1. ^ Running mate of Bongbong Marcos (Partido Federal ng Pilipinas)
  2. ^ Running mate of Leni Robredo (Independent)
  3. ^ Running mate of Panfilo Lacson (Independent)

Congress

[edit]

Members of the 19th Congress of the Philippines were elected in this election.

Senate

[edit]
Main article: 2022 Philippine Senate election

One half of the senators, or 12 of 24 seats in the Senate, last contested in 2016, were up for election. Those elected in 2019 were joined by the winners of this election to serve in the 19th Congress. There were 178 people who filed to run for Senate,[150] and the final ballot included 64 names.[156]

Among the senators-elect, four were reelected, five returned to the Senate, and three including top vote-winner Robin Padilla were new.[157] Migz Zubiri was elected Senate President.[158]

CandidateParty or allianceVotes%
Robin PadillaTuloy ang Pagbabago[a]PDP–Laban26,612,43447.91
Loren LegardaLacson–Sotto slate[a][b][c]Nationalist People's Coalition24,264,96943.68
Raffy TulfoIndependent[b][d]23,396,95442.12
Win GatchalianUniTeamNationalist People's Coalition20,602,65537.09
Francis EscuderoLacson–Sotto slate[b][e]Nationalist People's Coalition20,271,45836.49
Mark VillarUniTeam[c]Nacionalista Party19,475,59235.06
Alan Peter CayetanoIndependent19,295,31434.74
Migz ZubiriUniTeam[c]Independent18,734,33633.73
Joel VillanuevaIndependent[b][d][e]18,486,03433.28
JV EjercitoLacson–Sotto slate[b][f]Nationalist People's Coalition15,841,85828.52
Risa HontiverosTeam Robredo–Pangilinan[g]Akbayan15,420,80727.76
Jinggoy EstradaUniTeam[c]Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino15,108,62527.20
Jejomar BinayUnited Nationalist Alliance[b][d][e]13,263,97023.88
Herbert BautistaUniTeamNationalist People's Coalition13,104,71023.59
Gilbert TeodoroUniTeam[c]People's Reform Party12,788,47923.02
Guillermo EleazarLacson–Sotto slatePartido para sa Demokratikong Reporma11,305,32220.35
Harry RoqueUniTeam[c]People's Reform Party11,246,20620.25
Gregorio HonasanIndependent[a][d]10,643,49119.16
Chel DioknoTeam Robredo–Pangilinan[g]Katipunan ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino9,978,44417.96
Larry GadonUniTeamKilusang Bagong Lipunan9,691,60717.45
Antonio TrillanesTeam Robredo–PangilinanLiberal Party8,630,27215.54
Dick GordonBagumbayan–VNP[b][d][e]8,377,89315.08
Leila de LimaTeam Robredo–Pangilinan[g]Liberal Party7,278,60213.10
Neri ColmenaresMakabayan[b][g]6,098,78210.98
Alex LacsonTeam Robredo–PangilinanAng Kapatiran5,477,0889.86
Salvador PaneloTuloy ang PagbabagoPDP–Laban4,887,0668.80
Francis Leo MarcosIndependent4,538,8578.17
Teddy BaguilatTeam Robredo–Pangilinan[g]Liberal Party4,275,8737.70
Monsour del RosarioLacson–Sotto slatePartido para sa Demokratikong Reporma3,810,0966.86
Carl BalitaAksyon Demokratiko3,730,1646.71
Rodante Marcoleta[h]Tuloy ang Pagbabago[a]PDP–Laban3,591,8996.47
Emmanuel PiñolLacson–Sotto slateNationalist People's Coalition3,544,2836.38
Minguita PadillaLacson–Sotto slatePartido para sa Demokratikong Reporma3,541,0386.37
Luke EspirituLaban ng MasaPartido Lakas ng Masa3,470,5506.25
Astra Pimentel-NaikTuloy ang PagbabagoPDP–Laban2,975,9085.36
Sonny MatulaTeam Robredo–Pangilinan[g]Independent2,692,5654.85
Greco BelgicaTuloy ang PagbabagoPederalismo ng Dugong Dakilang Samahan2,349,0404.23
Jopet SisonAksyon Demokratiko2,218,0953.99
Samira GutocAksyon Demokratiko[g]1,834,7053.30
Carmen ZubiagaIndependent1,763,8983.18
Silvestre Bello Jr.PDP–Laban1,738,3873.13
Elmer LabogMakabayan[b][g]1,578,3852.84
Rey LangitTuloy ang PagbabagoPDP–Laban1,364,5482.46
Melchor ChavezLabor Party Philippines953,2411.72
Abner AfuangIndependent901,1961.62
Roy CabonegroLaban ng MasaPartido Lakas ng Masa880,9191.59
Ibrahim AlbaniLabor Party Philippines792,1171.43
Lutgardo BarboMP3 AlliancePDP–Laban749,4721.35
John CastricionesTuloy ang Pagbabago[f]PDP–Laban712,8521.28
David d'AngeloLaban ng MasaPartido Lakas ng Masa693,9321.25
Agnes BailenIndependent670,6781.21
Nur-Mahal KiramIndependent585,3371.05
Nur-Ana SahidullaPederalismo ng Dugong Dakilang Samahan572,6451.03
Leo OlarteBigkis Pinoy Movement567,6491.02
Ariel LimIndependent560,6601.01
Fernando DiazPartido Pilipino sa Pagbabago557,5221.00
Jesus ArranzaIndependent526,7050.95
Willie Ricablanca Jr.Partido Maharlika490,7120.88
RJ JavellanaIndependent471,9990.85
Marieta Mindalano-AdamKatipunan ng Kamalayang Kayumanggi446,2950.80
Ernie EreñoPartido Maharlika408,3660.74
Baldomero FalconeDemocratic Party of the Philippines396,5270.71
Emily MallillinPartido Pederal ng Maharlika390,1340.70
Rey ValerosIndependent353,7300.64
Total431,983,947100.00
Total votes55,549,791–
Registered voters/turnout66,839,97683.11
Source: COMELEC
  1. ^ a b c d Guest candidate of the UniTeam
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Guest candidate of the MP3 Alliance
  3. ^ a b c d e f Guest candidate of Tuloy ang Pagbabago
  4. ^ a b c d e Guest candidate of the Lacson–Sotto slate
  5. ^ a b c d Guest candidate of Team Robredo–Pangilinan
  6. ^ a b Guest candidate of Aksyon Demokratiko
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h Guest candidate of Laban ng Masa
  8. ^ Withdrew but remained on the ballot

House of Representatives

[edit]
Main article: 2022 Philippine House of Representatives elections
Results of the House of Representatives elections

All 316 seats in the House were up for election, an increase of 12 seats from the outgoing 18th Congress. There are now 253 congressional districts, each electing one representative, and 63 seats elected via the party-list system on a nationwide vote.[1] There were 733 people who filed to run in congressional districts.[150] A total of 177 parties contested the party-list election.[159]

After the election, allies of President-elect Bongbong Marcos obtained a supermajority in the House.[160] Martin Romauldez, a cousin of Marcos, was subsequently elected Speaker.[161]

By congressional district
[edit]
PartyVotes%+/–Seats+/–
PDP–Laban10,950,69622.77−8.4566−16
Nacionalista Party6,610,87613.75−2.3536−6
National Unity Party6,087,28812.66+3.1533+8
Nationalist People's Coalition5,637,21111.72−2.5935−2
Lakas–CMD4,432,1139.22+4.1126+14
Liberal Party1,823,4263.79−1.9410−8
Hugpong ng Pagbabago1,223,8152.54+0.936+3
People's Reform Party942,7191.96+1.623+2
Aksyon Demokratiko868,6681.81+0.8300
Partido Pilipino sa Pagbabago503,8271.05New00
Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma478,0310.99New2New
Partido Federal ng Pilipinas458,0380.95−1.432−3
Pederalismo ng Dugong Dakilang Samahan426,4510.89+0.252New
National Unity Party/One Cebu423,8180.88New2New
Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino373,9880.78+0.161−1
Bukidnon Paglaum336,2660.70−0.1320
Unang Sigaw ng Nueva Ecija313,5210.65+0.3500
United Bangsamoro Justice Party292,1100.61New00
PROMDI288,0490.60New00
National Unity Party/United Negros Alliance254,3550.53New2New
Padayon Pilipino245,2060.51+0.272New
Aksyon Demokratiko/Asenso Manileño240,5590.50New3New
Kilusang Bagong Lipunan213,9500.44+0.3600
People's Champ Movement204,0760.42New1New
Nacionalista Party/Bileg Ti Ilokano201,4180.42New1New
National Unity Party/Asenso Manileño165,5770.34New2New
Sulong Zambales Party144,0600.30New1New
Mindoro bago Sarili142,0950.30New1New
Basilan Unity Party137,9760.29New1New
Centrist Democratic Party of the Philippines128,1340.27+0.0710
United Benguet Party123,8010.26New1New
Partido Pederal ng Maharlika104,5880.22New00
Bigkis Pinoy Movement94,5710.20New00
Nationalist People's Coalition/Asenso Manileño90,0750.19New1New
Partido Navoteño79,5050.17−0.0310
Partido Demokratiko Sosyalista ng Pilipinas78,0290.16+0.0200
Lakas–CMD/United Negros Alliance76,1150.16New0New
Hugpong sa Tawong Lungsod73,7960.15−0.340−1
Adelante Zamboanga Party73,7850.15+0.081New
Samahang Kaagapay ng Agilang Pilipino73,3460.15New00
Partidong Pagbabago ng Palawan71,9860.15−0.310−2
Reform Party70,1160.15New00
United Nationalist Alliance68,5720.14−0.431New
Partido Prosperidad y Amor para na Zamboanga67,1330.14New00
Lingkod ng Mamamayan ng Valenzuela City50,5990.11New00
Labor Party Philippines50,1500.10+0.0800
Achievers with Integrity Movement48,4620.10New00
PDP–Laban/Partido Siquijodnon33,9890.07New1New
Ummah Party29,0430.06New00
Ang Kapatiran17,4840.04New00
Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino10,6420.02−0.960−1
Partido Lakas ng Masa5,2230.01New00
Philippine Green Republican Party4,8560.01+0.0100
Katipunan ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino4,3700.01−0.2800
Katipunan ng Kamalayang Kayumanggi2,2950.00New00
Bagumbayan–VNP1,6070.00−0.0800
Independent2,137,0934.44−0.536+4
Party-list seats63+2
Total48,089,548100.00–316+12
Valid votes48,089,54886.98+0.64
Invalid/blank votes7,201,27313.02−0.64
Total votes55,290,821100.00–
Registered voters/turnout65,745,52684.10+8.20
Source: COMELEC (Results per individual province/city, election day turnout, absentee turnout
By party list
[edit]
PartyVotes%+/–Seats+/–
ACT-CIS Partylist2,111,0915.74−3.7730
Ang Buklod ng mga Motorista ng Pilipinas1,001,2432.72New2New
Tingog Sinirangan886,9592.41+1.012+1
4Ps Party-list848,2372.30New2New
Ako Bicol Political Party816,4452.22−1.5420
SAGIP Partylist780,4562.12+1.202+1
Ang Probinsyano Party-list714,6341.94−0.821−1
Uswag Ilonggo Party689,6071.87New1New
Tutok To Win Party-List685,5781.86New1New
Citizens' Battle Against Corruption637,0441.73−1.601−1
Senior Citizens Partylist614,6711.67−0.1810
Duterte Youth602,1961.64+0.3710
Agimat ng Masa586,9091.59New1New
Kabataan Partylist536,6901.46+0.7610
Agrikultura Ngayon Gawing Akma at Tama530,4851.44New1New
Marino Samahan ng mga Seaman530,3821.44−1.001−1
Ako Bisaya512,7951.39−0.0210
Probinsyano Ako471,9041.28−0.981−1
LPG Marketers Association453,8951.23+0.4810
Abante Pangasinan-Ilokano Party451,3721.23New1New
Gabriela Women's Party423,8911.15−0.4610
Construction Workers Solidarity412,3331.12+0.1210
Agri-Agra na Reporma para sa Magsasaka ng Pilipinas393,9871.07+0.591+1
P3PWD Party List391,1741.06New1New
Ako Ilocano Ako387,0861.05New1New
Kusug Tausug385,7701.05+0.2310
An Waray[a]385,4601.05−0.5400
Kalinga-Advocacy for Social Empowerment and Nation-Building Through Easing Poverty374,3081.02−0.2010
Agricultural Sector Alliance of the Philippines367,5331.00+0.2510
Coop-NATCCO346,3410.94−0.5610
Malasakit at Bayanihan Foundation345,1990.94New1New
Barangay Health Wellness335,5980.91−0.0610
Galing sa Puso Party333,8170.91+0.0210
Bagong Henerasyon330,9370.90−0.1410
ACT Teachers Partylist330,5290.90−0.5210
Talino at Galing ng Pinoy327,9120.89+0.1110
Bicol Saro325,3710.88New1New
United Senior Citizens Koalition ng Pilipinas[b]320,6270.87New1New
Dumper Philippines Taxi Drivers Association314,6180.85+0.0510
Pinatatag na Ugnayan para sa mga Oportunidad sa Pabahay ng Masa299,9900.82New1New
Abang Lingkod296,8000.81−0.1810
PBA Partylist294,6190.80−0.3710
One Filipinos Worldwide Coalition Partylist293,3010.80New1New
Abono Partylist288,7520.78−0.5810
Anakalusugan281,5120.76−0.0910
Kabalikat ng Mamamayan280,0660.76+0.0510
Magkakasama sa Sakahan Kaunlaran276,8890.75−1.0310
One Patriotic Coalition of Marginalized Nationals273,1950.74−1.821−1
APEC Partylist271,3800.74−0.9810
Pusong Pinoy262,0440.71New1New
Trade Union Congress Party260,7790.71−0.2110
Public Safety Alliance for Transformation and Rule of Law Inc.252,5710.69−0.0910
Manila Teacher's Savings and Loan Association249,5250.68−0.2110
AAMBIS-Owa Party List246,0530.67−0.1710
Philippine Rural Electric Cooperatives Association243,4870.66−0.7610
Alliance of Organizations, Networks and Associations of the Philippines238,7040.65−0.5010
Akbayan[c]236,2260.64+0.021+1
Democratic Independent Workers Association234,9960.64−0.060−1
Asenso Pinoy232,2290.63New00
Mindanao Indigenous Conference for Peace and Development[d]230,3150.63New00
Ang Pamilya Muna225,0410.61New00
A Teacher Partylist221,3270.60−0.380−1
Bayan Muna219,8480.60−3.410−3
1st Consumers Alliance for Rural Energy218,2150.59+0.1300
You Against Corruption and Poverty214,6940.58−0.0200
Kasama Regional Political Party213,5390.58New00
Ako Bisdak - Bisayang Dako204,1110.55+0.3700
Abante Sambayanan[d]201,9610.55New00
Alliance of Public Transport Organization183,8690.50New00
Nagkakaisang Pilipino para sa Pag-Angat ng Maralitang Manileño174,4520.47New00
Towards Development and Action174,3960.47New00
Advocates and Keepers Organization of OFWs169,1770.46New00
Philippine National Police Retirees Association160,4180.44+0.1500
Samahan ng Manggagawa sa Industriya ng Live Events158,2450.43New00
Pamilyang Magsasaka158,0340.43New00
Philippine Educators Alliance for Community Empowerment157,6170.430.0000
Bayaning Tsuper157,2780.43New00
Acts Overseas Filipino Workers Coalition of Organizations155,0720.42−0.0500
Pinagbuklod na Filipino para sa Bayan151,5020.41+0.3400
Tulungan Tayo147,0500.40New00
Filipino Rights Protection Advocates of Manila Movement144,9690.39New00
Bahay para sa Pamilyang Pilipino142,6760.39−0.620−1
Tagapagtaguyod ng mga Reporma at Adhikaing Babalikat at Hahango sa mga Oportunidad para sa mga Pilipino138,9730.38New00
Anak Mindanao134,6470.37−0.390−1
Ako Padayon Pilipino Party List132,2220.36−0.480−1
Cancer Alleviation Network on Care, Education and Rehabilitation128,2840.35New00
Kalipunan ng Maralita at Malayang Mamamayan126,3930.34New00
Magdalo Party-List119,1890.32−0.590−1
PDP Cares Foundation117,1390.32New00
Rural Electric Consumers and Beneficiaries of Development and Advancement117,1260.32−0.820−1
Act as One Philippines116,1730.32New00
Kooperatiba-Kapisanan ng Magsasaka ng Pilipinas114,5870.31+0.1300
Walang Iwanan sa Free Internet Inc.113,9710.31New00
Bisaya Gyud Party-List113,3880.31New00
Hugpong Federal Movement of the Philippines112,6540.31New00
Moro Ako - Ok Party-List110,1710.30New00
Angkla: ang Partido ng mga Pilipinong Marino109,3430.30−0.3500
Ang National Coalition of Indigenous People Action Na!108,8070.30New00
Passengers and Riders Organization108,6470.30New00
Ang Kabuhayan Partylist108,5350.29+0.0200
Ang Tinig ng Seniors Citizens sa Filipinas, Inc.[d]104,9570.29New00
Lungsod Aasenso103,1490.28New00
Buhay Party-List103,0770.28−1.020−1
Una ang Edukasyon102,6870.28−0.1500
Igorot Warriors International, Inc.[d]95,2170.26New00
OFW Family Club93,0590.25−0.470−1
Health, Education, Livelihood Program of the Philippines93,0070.25New00
Wow Pilipinas Movement90,6980.25−0.3700
Kapamilya ng Manggagawang Pilipino89,6950.24New00
Ating Agapay Sentrong Samahan ng mga Obrero88,6110.24−0.0300
Friends of the Poor and Jobless Party-List[d]88,5640.24New00
Butil Farmers Party87,3050.24−0.3500
Avid Builders of Active Nation's Citizenry Towards Empowered Philippines87,2110.24−0.1100
Subanen Party-List86,5330.24New00
Turismo Isulong Mo86,1190.23New00
Abe Kapampangan85,2260.23−0.0700
Barkadahan para sa Bansa83,8600.23New00
Anakpawis81,4360.22−0.3100
Ugyon Mangunguma, Mangingisda kag Mamumugon nga Ilonggo[d]73,4540.20New00
Ang Kabuhayang Kayang Kaya72,5470.20New00
National Association of Electricity Consumers for Reforms71,8220.20−0.0900
Rebolusyonaryong Alyansang Makabansa69,7400.19−0.660−1
Ayuda sa May Kapansanan[d]66,4570.18New00
Ang Bumbero ng Pilipinas65,9290.18New00
Kilusang Maypagasa65,1330.18−0.1000
Mothers for Change64,7850.18New00
One Coop64,6270.18New00
Ang Komadrona64,0870.17New00
Samahan ng Totoong Larong may Puso Foundation60,3840.16New00
Malabung Workers Party59,4990.16New00
Ang Laban ng Indiginong Filipino58,6580.16−0.0900
Kabalikat ng Bayan sa Kaunlaran57,6920.16New00
Bunyog Pagkakaisa57,0300.15New00
Computer Literacy, Innovation Connectivity and Knowledge55,8420.15New00
Kabalikat Patungo sa Umuunlad na Sistematiko at Organisadong Pangkabuhayan Movement53,6350.15New00
Home Owners, and Marginalized Empowerment Through Opportunities with Neighborhood Economic Reliability53,5600.15New00
Kilos Mamamayan Ngayon Na52,2050.14New00
United Frontliners of the Philippines50,8490.14New00
Alsa Bisaya47,4150.13New00
Bangon Philippine Outsourcing47,3820.13New00
Lingkud Bayanihan Party[d]43,8960.12New00
Maharlikang Pilipino Party43,2600.12New00
Advocates for Retail & Fashion, Textile & Tradition, Events, Entertainment & Creative Sector42,0860.11New00
Ipatupad for Workers Inc.41,7970.11New00
Kabalikat ng Hustisiya ng Nagkakaisang Manileno39,3440.11+0.0100
Babae Ako para sa Bayan39,2540.11New00
Damayan para sa Reporma Tungo sa Inklusibo at Laganap na mga Oportunidad Ngayon36,3940.10New00
Partido Cocoman35,5830.10New00
Aktibong Kaagapay ng mga Manggagawa34,3380.09New00
Ako Breeder Party-List[d]32,6300.09New00
Ako Musikero Association28,2970.08New00
Philippine Society for Industrial Security27,8510.08New00
Ang Koalisyon ng Indigenous People27,5830.07New00
Aksyon Magsasaka-Partido Tinig ng Masa27,3640.07−0.6200
Mindoro Sandugo para sa Kaunlaran26,8000.07New00
Samahang Ilaw at Bisig25,8710.07New00
One Unified Transport Alliance of the Philippines Bicol Region23,0210.06−0.0200
Alagaan ang Sambayanang Pilipino22,5430.06New00
Parents Teachers Alliance22,3190.06−0.0400
Ang Programang Aasenso Taumbayan - Dream, Act, Participate and Advocate for Sustainable Transformation[d]20,9490.06New00
Arts Business and Science Professionals20,1490.05−0.0600
Alliance for Resilience, Sustainability and Empowerment[d]20,1310.05New00
Movement of Active Apostolic Guardians Association of the Philippines19,6450.05New00
Solid Movement Towards Comprehensive Change18,9540.05New00
Noble Advancement of Marvelous People of the Philippines Inc.18,1720.05+0.0100
Alternatiba ng Masa18,0480.05New00
Partido Lakas ng Masa17,7830.05−0.0500
Pilipino Society and Development Advocates Commuter-Consumer17,4060.05New00
United Filipino Consumers and Commuters16,7330.05New00
Aksyon Tungo sa Asenso at Pagsulong ng Pilipino16,1160.04New00
People's Volunteer Against Illegal Drugs14,3300.04New00
National Firemen's Confederation of the Philippines11,6920.03New00
Laban ng Isang Bayan Para sa Reporma at Oportunidad[d]11,0670.03New00
1 Tahanan10,3830.03New00
Pilipinas para sa Pinoy8,7740.02−0.0300
Aangat Kusinerong Pinoy8,2610.02New00
Kusog Bikolandia7,8400.02New00
Total36,802,064100.00–63+2
Valid votes36,802,06465.68+6.72
Invalid/blank votes19,226,79134.32−6.72
Total votes56,028,855100.00–
Registered voters/turnout67,523,69782.98+8.67
Source: COMELEC
  1. ^ The COMELEC cancelled An Waray's certificate of registration in August 2023, after it had allowed its nominee Victoria Isabel Noel assume a seat in the House of Representatives starting in 2016 without proper authority.[162] The House of Representatives then dropped from the rolls Bem Noel in September 2023, removing him from office.[163] The Supreme Court affirmed the COMELEC's decision in September 2024.[164]
  2. ^ United Senior Citizens is entitled to a seat in Congress based on the results. However, as of May 25th, they have not been proclaimed as they have a pending case in the COMELEC regarding their accreditation.[165] United Senior Citizens was later proclaimed as a winning party, with its nominee being sworn in in November 2022.[166]
  3. ^ Akbayan was later proclaimed as a winning party, with its nominee set to be sworn in by September 2024, after the Supreme Court affirmed the COMELEC's decision to cancel the registration of An Waray in September 2024.[167]
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l This partylist was rejected by COMELEC from joining the 2022 elections, but has secured a Temporary Restraining Order from the Supreme Court. Because of this, they have been included in the ballot and their votes are counted for calculation purposes.[168]

Local

[edit]
Main article: 2022 Philippine local elections
See also: 2022 Philippine gubernatorial elections

Local elections above the barangay level were held along with the national elections:[1]

  • All 81 governors and vice governors, and 782 seats to provincial boards in all provinces
  • All 146 city mayors and vice mayors, and 1,650 seats to city councils in all cities
  • All 1,488 municipal mayors and vice mayors, and 11,908 seats to municipal councils in all municipalities
[edit]

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