221 series

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221 series
A 221 series formation in March 2008
Manufacturer	JR-West Gotō Works JR-West Takatori Works Hitachi Kawasaki Heavy Industries Kinki Sharyo
Built at	Kobe, Yonago, Kudamatsu, Higashiōsaka
Family name	Amenity Liner
Replaced	113 series, 117 series, 201 series
Constructed	1989–1992
Entered service	March 1989
Refurbished	2012–2020
Number built	474 vehicles
Number in service	474 vehicles
Formation	2/4/6/8 cars per trainset
Operators	JR-West
Depots	Aboshi, Nara, Kyoto
Lines served	A Tōkaidō Main Line A Sanyō Main Line  A  Hokuriku Main Line A Akō Line B Kosei Line J Bantan Line E San'in Main Line O Osaka Loop Line F Osaka Higashi Line D Nara Line Q Yamatoji Line T Wakayama Line U Sakurai Line
Specifications
Car body construction	Steel
Car length	20,000 mm (65 ft 7 in)
Width	2,950 mm (9 ft 8 in)
Doors	3 pairs per side
Maximum speed	120 km/h (75 mph)
Traction system	Resistor control + field system superimposed field excitation control
Traction motors	WMT61S WMT64S
Electric system(s)	1,500 V DC overhead line
Current collector(s)	WPS27 scissors-type pantograph
Braking system(s)	Regenerative brake, electronically controlled pneumatic brakes, snow-resistant brake
Safety system(s)	ATS-P, ATS-SW
Coupling system	Shibata-Type
Multiple working	223/225 series
Track gauge	1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)

The 221 series (221系, 221-kei) is a suburban electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR-West) in the Kansai Region of Japan since March 1989.^[1][2]

• Tōkaidō Main Line (Biwako Line, JR Kyoto Line, JR Kobe Line) (Maibara - Kōbe, until 2023)
• Sanyō Main Line (JR Kobe Line) (Kōbe - Kamigōri, until 2023)
• Hokuriku Main Line (Biwako Line) (Nagahama - Maibara, until 2023)
• Kosei Line (Yamashina - Ōmi-Imazu)
• Osaka Loop Line (only on Rapid service, Regional Rapid service and Local train)
• Osaka Higashi Line (from 12 March 2022)^[3]
• Kansai Main Line (Yamatoji Line) (Kamo - JR Namba)
• Nara Line
• Sakurai Line (Manyō-Mahoroba Line)
• Wakayama Line (Ōji - Gojō)
• Akō Line (Aioi - Banshū-Akō, until 2023)
• Sanin Main Line (Sagano Line) (Kyoto - Fukuchiyama)
• Bantan Line (Himeji - Teramae, until 2023)

As of 1 October 2012^[update], the fleet consisted of 474 vehicles, formed as 2-, 4-, 6-, and 8-car sets, based at Kyoto, Nara, and Aboshi depots.^[4]

The KuMoHa 221 cars in some formations are equipped with a second de-icing pantograph.

Seating is arranged as 2+2 abreast transverse flip-over seats.

• 
  The seat in a 221 series train
• 
  Original interior style in May 2009
• 
  Interior of a refurbished train
• 
  Original LED passenger information display in September 2005
• 
  LED passenger information display of a refurbished train in October 2014
• 
  Wheelchair-accessible toilet of a refurbished train

The first 221 series trains were introduced from the start of the revised timetable in March 1989.^[2]

The 221 series received the Laurel Prize in 1990.^[5]

From December 2012, a programme of refurbishment started, which will ultimately cover the entire fleet of 474 vehicles.^[6] Interior improvements include new universal access toilets, provision of wheelchair spaces, and flip-up seating next to the doorways.^[6] The first refurbished set, 4-car set K12, was returned to revenue service on 11 January 2013.^[7]

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