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Abbotsford, British Columbia

From Wikipedia - Reading time: 27 min

Abbotsford
City
City of Abbotsford
Flag of Abbotsford
Flag
Coat of arms of Abbotsford
Coat of arms
Official logo of Abbotsford
Logo
Nicknames: 
"Abby", City in the Country, Raspberry Capital of Canada, A-Town
Motto(s): 
"Unus Cum Viribus Duorum"  (Latin)
"One with the strength of two"
Abbotsford is located in British Columbia
Abbotsford
Abbotsford
Location of Abbotsford in British Columbia
Coordinates: 49°3′N 122°19′W / 49.050°N 122.317°W / 49.050; -122.317
CountryCanada
ProvinceBritish Columbia
Regional districtFraser Valley
Established1892
Incorporated1945
Amalgamation with the District of Sumas1972
Amalgamation with the District of Matsqui1995
Government
[2]
 • BodyAbbotsford City Council
 • MayorRoss Siemens[1]
 • City Council
List of MPs
  • Les Barkman
  • Patricia Driessen
  • Kelly Chahal
  • Mark Warkentin
  • Dave Loewen
  • Patricia Ross
  • Dave Sidhu
  • Simon Gibson
 • MP
List of MPs
 • MLA
List of MLAs
Area
[3]
 • Land375.33 km2 (144.92 sq mi)
 • Metro
[4]
606.72 km2 (234.26 sq mi)
 • Rank1st in British Columbia
Elevation
38 m (124 ft)
Population
 (2021)[3]
 • City
153,524
 • Estimate 
(2022)[5]
168,478
 • Rank32nd in Canada
5th in British Columbia
 • Density409.0/km2 (1,059/sq mi)
 • Metro
[4]
195,726
 • Metro density322.6/km2 (836/sq mi)
DemonymAbbotsfordian
Time zoneUTC−8 (PST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−7 (PDT)
Forward sortation area
V2S–V2T, V3G, V4X
Area codes604, 778, 236, 672
GDP (Abbotsford-Mission CMA)CA$6.9 billion (2016)[6]
GDP per capita (Abbotsford-Mission CMA)CA$38,162 (2016)
Websiteabbotsford.ca

Abbotsford is a city in British Columbia next to the Canada–United States border, Greater Vancouver, and the Fraser River. With a census population of 153,569 people (2021), it is the largest municipality in the province outside metropolitan Vancouver.[3] Abbotsford–Mission has the third-highest proportion of visible minorities among census metropolitan areas in Canada, after the Greater Toronto Area and the Greater Vancouver CMA.[7] It is home to Tradex, the University of the Fraser Valley, and Abbotsford International Airport.

As of the 2021 census, it is the largest municipality of the Fraser Valley Regional District and the fifth-largest municipality of British Columbia. The Abbotsford–Mission metropolitan area of around 195,726 inhabitants as of the 2021 census is the 23rd largest census metropolitan area in Canada.[4] It has also been named by Statistics Canada as Canada's most generous city in terms of charitable donations for nine straight years.[8]

The community of 375.55 square kilometres (145.00 sq mi) is the largest city by area in British Columbia. The municipality's southern boundary is the Canada–United States border. In Canada, it is bordered by the Township of Langley to the west, the City of Mission to the north, and the City of Chilliwack to the east. Abbotsford borders the town of Sumas, Washington, to the south. Much of Abbotsford has views of Mount Baker (to the southeast, in Washington) and the Coast Mountains (to the north).

History

[edit]

Settlement

[edit]

The first residents of the area are the Stó:lō Nation.[9] The Upper Sumas 6 Indian reserve of the Sumas First Nation is located at Kilgard within Abbotsford city limits.[10]

European settlement began when the Royal Engineers surveyed the area in response to the gold rush along the Fraser River in 1858. This led to the building of Yale Road (today Old Yale Road), the first transportation route to link the Fraser Valley. The settlement grew and the production of butter, milk and tobacco began by the late 1860s. In 1889, former Royal Engineer John Cunningham Maclure applied for a Crown grant to obtain the 160 acres (0.65 km2) that would become Abbotsford.

The Gur Sikh Temple, located on 33089 South Fraser Way, is the oldest Sikh temple in North America. Built in 1908 and opened in 1911, it is now over 110 years old, outlasting the now demolished 2nd Avenue temple in Vancouver (opened in 1908),[11] and the Golden temple (opened in 1905) which was destroyed by fire.[12]

There is some controversy over the origin of the Abbotsford name.[13] The most commonly cited origin is that Maclure named the land "Abbotsford" after family friend Henry Braithwaite Abbott, the western superintendent of the Canadian Pacific Railway.[14] Maclure's sons later stated that the property had actually been named for Sir Walter Scott's home, Abbotsford House, and pronounced it with the accent on ford,[15] In his later years Maclure himself claimed that the naming had been "a combination of two ideas".[13] The Akriggs say that Maclure in an 1894 letter said that when the town was laid out in 1894, the town was named for Henry Abbott, general superintendent of the CPR and brother of Sir John Abbott, prime minister.[16]: 1 

Contemporary period

[edit]
Downtown Abbotsford

The title passed hands to Robert Ward, who filed a townsite subdivision on July 9, 1891. Also in 1891, the CPR built a railway line through the area that connected Mission with the Seattle, Lake Shore and Eastern Railway at Sumas, Washington. This route was the only rail connection between Vancouver and Seattle until 1904. The Village of Abbotsford was incorporated in 1892. At that time Robert Ward sold many of the lots to private investors, but also sold off a significant portion to the Great Northern Railway's subsidiary company the Vancouver, Victoria and Eastern Railway. The British Columbia Electric Railway (BCER) arrived in 1910. The Interurban, as the BCER tram linking Abbotsford with Vancouver and Chilliwack was called, was discontinued in 1950, but BCER's successor BC Hydro retains the right to re-introduce passenger rail service. Service to Vancouver runs from neighbouring Mission by way of the West Coast Express.

The most notable natural disaster to hit Abbotsford was a major flood of the Fraser River in 1948.

In September 1984, Pope John Paul II held an open-air Mass for over 200,000 people at Abbotsford International Airport.[17]

The amalgamation of the Village of Abbotsford and the District of Sumas into the District of Abbotsford occurred in 1972. The District of Abbotsford amalgamated with the District of Matsqui in 1995 to become the City of Abbotsford, raising the population significantly.

In June 2013, the City of Abbotsford spread chicken manure on a homeless camp located in the city.[18] Abbotsford Mayor Bruce Banman publicly apologized for the incident.[19]

The city of Abbotsford has a long and ongoing history of gang-related crime, particularly that of violence and the illegal sale of controlled substances.[20][21][22][23]

On November 16, 2021, Abbotsford residents living in the Sumas Prairie were given an evacuation order given the flooding in British Columbia at the time, the city calling the situation "catastrophic".[24]

Government

[edit]
Abbotsford City Hall

Abbotsford City Council comprises a council-manager form of local government. The mayor and council were last elected in 2022. The current mayor is Ross Siemens.

The Abbotsford flag and coat of arms are the same, featuring straight, diagonal crosses representing Abbotsford as at a "crossroads". At the centre is a strawberry blossom to symbolize the local berry industry. The flag of Abbotsford was originally blue in colour. The change to green was initiated in 1995 when the District of Abbotsford and the District of Matsqui amalgamated to create the City of Abbotsford.

Demographics

[edit]

City of Abbotsford

[edit]
Historical population
YearPop.±%
1931 510—    
1941 562+10.2%
1951 785+39.7%
1956 830+5.7%
1961 888+7.0%
1966 792−10.8%
1971 706−10.9%
1976 9,507+1246.6%
1981 12,745+34.1%
1986 14,496+13.7%
1991 18,864+30.1%
1996 105,403+458.8%
2001 115,463+9.5%
2006 123,864+7.3%
2011 133,497+7.8%
2016 141,397+5.9%
2021 153,524+8.6%
Sources: Statistics Canada[25][a][b]

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Abbotsford had a population of 153,524 living in 53,234 of its 55,659 total private dwellings, a change of 8.6% from its 2016 population of 141,397. With a land area of 375.33 km2 (144.92 sq mi), it had a population density of 409.0/km2 (1,059.4/sq mi) in 2021.[3]

The 2021 census reported that immigrants (individuals born outside Canada) comprise 43,190 persons or 28.6% of the total population of Abbotsford. Of the total immigrant population, the top countries of origin were India (23,830 persons or 55.2%), United Kingdom (2,310 persons or 5.3%), Philippines (1,735 persons or 4.0%), United States of America (1,395 persons or 3.2%), Netherlands (895 persons or 2.1%), Vietnam (885 persons or 2.0%), South Korea (850 persons or 2.0%), China (845 persons or 2.0%), Germany (820 persons or 1.9%), and Pakistan (565 persons or 1.3%).[26]

Languages

[edit]

According to the 2021 Census, 92,460 persons or 61.0% of Abbotsford's population have English as a mother tongue; Punjabi is the mother tongue of 34,280 persons or 22.6% of the population, followed by German (3,065 or 2.0%), Spanish (1,375 or 0.9%), Korean (1,190 or 0.8%), Tagalog (1,180 or 0.8%), Vietnamese (1,105 or 0.7%), Dutch (990 or 0.7%), French (955 or 0.6%), Mandarin (945 or 0.6%), Hindi (860 or 0.5%), Arabic (720 or 0.5%), Cantonese (555 or 0.4%), Russian (415 or 0.3%), and Urdu (400 or 0.3%).[26]

Furthermore, the 2021 census stated 141,175 persons or 93.6% of Abbotsford's population have knowledge of the English language; 41,145 persons or 27.3% of the population have knowledge of the Punjabi language, followed by Hindi (7,080 or 4.7%), French (6,295 or 4.2%), German (3,665 or 2.4%), Spanish (2,880 or 1.9%), Tagalog (1,835 or 1.2%), Korean (1,430 or 0.9%), Vietnamese (1,170 or 0.8%), Dutch (1,145 or 0.8%), Mandarin (1,430 or 0.9%), Arabic (1,030 or 0.7%), Urdu (985 or 0.7%), Cantonese (810 or 0.5%), and Russian (805 or 0.5%).[26]

Religion

[edit]

A plurality of Abbotsford's population is Christian.[26] Many of the largest congregations in the city are Mennonite Brethren.

The next largest religious group is Sikh.[26] Opened in 1911, the city contains the oldest existing Sikh Gurdwara built in Canada and North America, with earlier Gurdwaras built in Kitsilano (1908)[27] and Golden (1905)[12] since being demolished or destroyed by fire.[28] A National Historic Site, located in Central Abbotsford, the Gur Sikh Temple is now over 110 years old.

The 2021 census reported the religious demography in the city of Abbotsford was:[26]

Ethnicity

[edit]

According to the 2021 census, the largest pan-ethnic group is European, comprising approximately 55.2% of the municipal population.[26][c] This group includes German, Dutch, British, Irish, Scandinavian and Slavic ethnic origins.

The next largest pan-ethnic group in Abbotsford is South Asian, comprising 30.2% of the city population; this group includes India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Maldives and Sri Lanka national origins, while the population in Abbotsford primarily includes persons of Punjabi ethnic origin.[26] Members of the ethnic group first arrived in the early 1900s to work on farms and in the lumber industry.[29][30]

This is followed by Indigenous peoples at 4.6% of the population, Southeast Asians (3.1%), and East Asians (2.7%).[26]

Panethnic groups in Abbotsford[d] (2001–2021)
Panethnic group 2021[26] 2016[31] 2011[32] 2006[33] 2001[34]
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
European[c] 83,270 55.22% 85,325 61.58% 87,790 67.04% 86,415 70.73% 88,080 77.42%
South Asian 45,505 30.18% 35,310 25.48% 29,725 22.7% 23,360 19.12% 17,005 14.95%
Indigenous 6,855 4.55% 6,595 4.76% 4,460 3.41% 3,565 2.92% 2,500 2.2%
Southeast Asian[e] 4,610 3.06% 3,110 2.24% 2,005 1.53% 2,130 1.74% 1,650 1.45%
East Asian[f] 4,340 2.88% 4,145 2.99% 3,785 2.89% 4,145 3.39% 2,610 2.29%
African 2,080 1.38% 1,415 1.02% 1,120 0.86% 730 0.6% 500 0.44%
Latin American 1,515 1% 1,120 0.81% 755 0.58% 1,095 0.9% 760 0.67%
Middle Eastern[g] 1,270 0.84% 555 0.4% 380 0.29% 295 0.24% 145 0.13%
Other[h] 1,350 0.9% 985 0.71% 930 0.71% 430 0.35% 530 0.47%
Total responses 150,800 98.23% 138,555 97.99% 130,950 98.09% 122,175 98.64% 113,770 98.53%
Total population 153,524 100% 141,397 100% 133,497 100% 123,864 100% 115,463 100%

Abbotsford CMA

[edit]

At the census metropolitan area (CMA) level in the 2021 census, the Abbotsford–Mission CMA had a population of 195,726 living in 67,613 of its 70,648 total private dwellings, a change of 8.4% from its 2016 population of 180,518. With a land area of 606.72 km2 (234.26 sq mi), it had a population density of 322.6/km2 (835.5/sq mi) in 2021.[4]

The 2021 Canadian census reported that immigrants (individuals born outside Canada) comprise 50,085 persons or 26.1% of the total population of the Abbotsford-Mission CMA. Of the total immigrant population, the top countries of origin were India (25,990 persons or 51.9%), United Kingdom (3,295 persons or 6.6%), Philippines (2,065 persons or 4.1%), United States of America (1,725 persons or 3.4%), Germany (1,085 persons or 2.2%), Netherlands (1,070 persons or 2.1%), Vietnam (1,040 persons or 2.1%), China (990 persons or 2.0%), South Korea (930 persons or 1.9%), and Pakistan (600 persons or 1.2%).[35]

Ethnicity

[edit]

Abbotsford has the third-highest proportion of visible minorities among Census Metropolitan Areas in Canada, after the Greater Toronto Area and Greater Vancouver.[7] The Abbotsford metropolitan area has Canada's highest Census Metropolitan Area proportion of South Asians.[36]

Panethnic groups in Abbotsford–Mission CMA[d] (2001–2021)
Panethnic group 2021[37][38] 2016[39] 2011[40] 2006[41] 2001[42]
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
European[i][j] 113,740 59.2% 115,345 65.41% 117,210 70.32% 113,960 72.75% 115,020 79.33%
South Asian 49,835 25.94% 38,250 21.69% 32,245 19.35% 25,580 16.33% 18,660 12.87%
Indigenous 10,525 5.48% 9,755 5.53% 6,965 4.18% 5,805 3.71% 4,210 2.9%
Southeast Asian[e] 5,630 2.93% 3,525 2% 2,110 1.27% 2,390 1.53% 1,820 1.26%
East Asian[f] 5,135 2.67% 4,660 2.64% 4,215 2.53% 4,680 2.99% 2,915 2.01%
African 2,375 1.24% 1,670 0.95% 1,435 0.86% 930 0.59% 595 0.41%
Latin American 1,855 0.97% 1,430 0.81% 935 0.56% 1,280 0.82% 995 0.69%
Middle Eastern[g] 1,505 0.78% 605 0.34% 505 0.3% 360 0.23% 180 0.12%
Other[h] 1,635 0.85% 1,080 0.61% 1,055 0.63% 485 0.31% 595 0.41%
Total responses 192,115 98.16% 176,330 97.68% 166,680 97.94% 156,640 98.5% 144,985 98.38%
Total population 195,726 100% 180,518 100% 170,191 100% 159,020 100% 147,370 100%
Ethnic origin[43] Population (2006) Percent of 156,640[k] Comments
Cornish 10 0.01%
English 42,190 26.93%
Irish 21,430 13.68%
Manx 40 0.03%
Scottish 28,695 18.32%
Welsh 3,665 2.34%
misc. British Isles, n.i.e.[l] 2,265 1.45%
Acadian 55 0.04%
French 13,725 8.76%
Inuit 50 0.03%
Métis 2,670 1.70%
North American Indian 5,335 3.41% incl. First Nations, Native Americans and Alaska Natives
American 2,320 1.48%
Canadian 30,415 19.42%
Newfoundlander 65 0.04%
Québécois 55 0.04%
Barbadian 15 0.01%
Carib 15 0.01%
Guyanese 20 0.01%
Haitian 135 0.09%
Jamaican 305 0.19%
Kittitian/Nevisian 10 0.01%
Puerto Rican 15 0.01%
St. Lucian 10 0.01%
Trinidadian/Tobagonian 95 0.06%
Vincentian/Grenadinian 15 0.01%
West Indian 35 0.02%
Caribbean, n.i.e.[l] 15 0.01%
Aboriginal from Central/South America 40 0.03%
Argentinian 35 0.02%
Belizean 20 0.01%
Brazilian 130 0.08%
Chilean 110 0.07%
Colombian 150 0.10%
Costa Rican 55 0.04%
Ecuadorian 10 0.01%
Guatemalan 85 0.05%
Hispanic 10 0.01%
Honduran 25 0.02%
Maya 30 0.02%
Mexican 475 0.30%
Nicaraguan 35 0.02%
Panamanian 10 0.01%
Paraguayan 195 0.10%
Peruvian 10 0.01%
Salvadoran 540 0.35%
Venezuelan 65 0.04%
Misc. Latin, Central or South American, n.i.e.[l] 160 0.01%
Austrian 1,500 1.00%
Belgian 620 0.40%
Dutch (Netherlands) 16,645 10.63% % not incl. Frisians or Flemish
Flemish 110 0.07%
Frisian 160 0.10%
German 32,580 20.80%
Swiss 1,215 0.78%
Finnish 1,210 0.77%
Danish 1,950 1.24%
Icelandic 930 0.59%
Norwegian 4,715 3.01%
Swedish 4,240 2.71%
Misc. Scandinavian, n.i.e.[l] 310 0.20% may include Sami and Kven
Estonian 175 0.11%
Latvian 40 0.03%
Lithuanian 130 0.08%
Belarusian 70 0.05%
Czech 590 0.38%
Czechoslovakian 230 0.15%
Slovak 190 0.12%
Hungarian (Magyar) 2,150 1.37%
Polish 4,940 3.15%
Romanian 1,065 0.68%
Russian 7,420 4.73%
Ukrainian 8,090 5.16%
Albanian 135 0.09%
Bosnian 10 0.01%
Bulgarian 60 0.04%
Croatian 245 0.16%
Greek 655 0.42%
Italian 3,675 2.35%
Kosovar 25 0.02%
Macedonian 45 0.03%
Maltese 55 0.04%
Portuguese 745 0.48%
Serbian 100 0.08%
Sicilian 10 0.01%
Slovenian 125 0.08%
Spanish 1,600 1.02%
Yugoslav, n.i.e.[l] 290 0.19%
Basque 10 0.01%
Gypsy (Roma) 35 0.02%
Misc. Slav (European) 40 0.03%
Ethnic groups in Europe, n.i.e.[l] 260 0.17%
Afrikaner 25 0.02%
Bantu 10 0.01%
Black 140 0.09%
Congolese (Zairian) 20 0.01%
Congolese, n.o.s.[m] 15 0.01%
Dinka 40 0.03%
Ethiopian 10 0.01%
Ghanaian 50 0.03%
Kenyan 35 0.02%
Mauritian 20 0.01%
Nigerian 50 0.03%
South African 415 0.26%
Sudanese 20 0.01%
Tanzanian 15 0.01%
Misc. African, n.i.e.[l] 130 0.08%
Egyptian 25 0.02%
Iraqi 15 0.01%
Lebanese 85 0.05%
Maghrebi origins 10 0.01%
Palestinian 65 0.04%
Syrian 50 0.03%
Misc. Arab, n.i.e.[l] 75 0.05%
Afghan 50 0.03%
Iranian 185 0.12%
Israeli 15 0.01%
Kurdish 35 0.02%
Tatar 10 0.01%
Turkish 120 0.08%
Indian 23,445 16.47%
Goan 15 0.01%
Nepali 45 0.03%
Pakistani 195 0.12%
Punjabi 2,040 1.30%
Sri Lankan 50 0.03%
Tamil 10 0.01%
Misc. South Asian, n.i.e.[l] 820 0.52%
Cambodian 50 0.03%
Chinese 2,585 1.65%
Filipino 740 0.47%
Indonesian 205 0.13%
Japanese 890 0.57%
Korean 1,665 1.06%
Laotian 240 0.15%
Malaysian 50 0.03%
Taiwanese 75 0.05%
Thai 100 0.06%
Vietnamese 1,150 0.73%
East or Southeast Asian, n.i.e.[l] 85 0.05%
Australian 265 0.17%
New Zealander 145 0.09%
Fijian 100 0.06%
Hawaiian 50 0.03%
Samoan 10 0.01%
Ethnic origin by regional grouping[7] Population Percent of 156,640
British Isles origins 65,495 41.81%
French origins[n] 13,745 8.77%
Aboriginal origins[o] 7,860 5.02%
Other North American origins[p] 31,870 20.34%
Caribbean origins 665 0.43%
Latin, Central and South American origins[q] 2,070 1.32%
Western European origins[r] 46,395 29.62%
Northern European origins[s] 12,140 7.75%
Eastern European origin[t] 21,765 13.89%
Southern European origins 7,470 4.77%
Other European origins[u] 840 00.54%
African origins[v] 990 0.63%
Arab origins[w] 320 0.20%
West Asian origins[x] 410 00.26%
South Asian origins 25,800 16.47%
East and Southeast Asian origins 7,375 4.71%
Oceanian origins[y] 565 0.36%

Climate

[edit]

Abbotsford has an oceanic climate (Köppen climate type Cfb), with just enough summer precipitation not to be classified as warm-summer mediterranean. Summers are generally warm and drier than at other times of the year and winters are rainy and very mild by Canadian standards. Snowfall can be heavy but usually not very long lasting, on average falling mostly in December and January.

Climate data for Abbotsford International Airport
Climate ID: 1100031; coordinates 49°01′31″N 122°21′36″W / 49.02528°N 122.36000°W / 49.02528; -122.36000 (Abbotsford A); elevation: 243.8 m (800 ft); WMO ID: 71108; 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1944–present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high humidex 18.8 20.0 24.8 31.2 39.5 49.8 46.2 43.4 40.1 31.2 21.0 18.9 49.8
Record high °C (°F) 18.4
(65.1) 		20.6
(69.1) 		24.9
(76.8) 		29.8
(85.6) 		36.0
(96.8) 		42.9
(109.2) 		38.0
(100.4) 		39.4
(102.9) 		37.5
(99.5) 		29.3
(84.7) 		22.4
(72.3) 		18.2
(64.8) 		42.9
(109.2)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 6.7
(44.1) 		8.9
(48.0) 		11.4
(52.5) 		14.8
(58.6) 		18.8
(65.8) 		21.0
(69.8) 		24.4
(75.9) 		24.8
(76.6) 		21.4
(70.5) 		15.0
(59.0) 		9.5
(49.1) 		6.3
(43.3) 		15.2
(59.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) 3.7
(38.7) 		5.1
(41.2) 		7.2
(45.0) 		10.0
(50.0) 		13.6
(56.5) 		16.0
(60.8) 		18.5
(65.3) 		18.7
(65.7) 		15.7
(60.3) 		10.7
(51.3) 		6.2
(43.2) 		3.5
(38.3) 		10.7
(51.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 0.6
(33.1) 		1.3
(34.3) 		2.9
(37.2) 		5.2
(41.4) 		8.4
(47.1) 		10.9
(51.6) 		12.7
(54.9) 		12.6
(54.7) 		9.9
(49.8) 		6.4
(43.5) 		2.7
(36.9) 		0.6
(33.1) 		6.2
(43.2)
Record low °C (°F) −21.1
(−6.0) 		−18.9
(−2.0) 		−12.8
(9.0) 		−4.4
(24.1) 		−2.2
(28.0) 		1.1
(34.0) 		2.2
(36.0) 		3.3
(37.9) 		−1.7
(28.9) 		−7.5
(18.5) 		−16.7
(1.9) 		−20.0
(−4.0) 		−21.1
(−6.0)
Record low wind chill −26.6 −29.6 −19.7 −7.3 −4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 −5.4 −13.9 −27.6 −33.3 −33.3
Average precipitation mm (inches) 225.6
(8.88) 		117.1
(4.61) 		145.5
(5.73) 		114.4
(4.50) 		94.0
(3.70) 		69.6
(2.74) 		39.2
(1.54) 		47.1
(1.85) 		77.6
(3.06) 		144.4
(5.69) 		233.1
(9.18) 		197.3
(7.77) 		1,504.6
(59.24)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 204.6
(8.06) 		109.3
(4.30) 		140.4
(5.53) 		113.4
(4.46) 		94.0
(3.70) 		69.6
(2.74) 		39.2
(1.54) 		47.1
(1.85) 		74.0
(2.91) 		145.0
(5.71) 		224.8
(8.85) 		179.8
(7.08) 		1,441.1
(56.74)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 22.1
(8.7) 		7.2
(2.8) 		5.2
(2.0) 		0.8
(0.3) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		7.1
(2.8) 		14.0
(5.5) 		56.4
(22.2)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) 20.5 16.2 19.5 16.3 13.4 12.7 7.2 7.1 9.5 15.7 20.3 20.3 178.5
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) 18.6 15.3 18.6 16.3 13.4 12.7 7.2 7.1 9.1 15.8 19.6 19.0 172.4
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) 3.9 2.0 1.7 0.42 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 2.7 12.0
Average relative humidity (%) (at 3pm) 74.2 63.6 60.4 56.0 55.4 56.4 53.1 52.3 56.8 66.4 74.2 76.0 62.1
Mean monthly sunshine hours 68.3 99.0 131.5 171.5 208.7 213.7 276.7 263.2 201.9 122.6 64.7 64.9 1,886.7
Percent possible sunshine 25.2 34.6 35.7 41.8 44.1 44.2 56.7 59.1 53.3 36.5 23.4 25.2 40.0
Source: Environment Canada[44] (sun, humidex and wind chill 1981–2010)[45][46][47][48][49]

Economy

[edit]
Farmhouse and barn in Abbotsford

Some 62 percent of residents in Abbotsford work in the City of Abbotsford itself. Most of the remaining 38 percent commute to Mission, Chilliwack or Vancouver and its suburbs (primarily Surrey and Langley). More than 25 percent of Abbotsford's workforce commutes to Abbotsford from other municipalities.[50]

The Conference Board of Canada has identified the local economy as one of the most diverse in the country.[51] Abbotsford's main industries are agriculture, transportation, manufacturing and retail. The city earns the highest dollar per acre of agricultural land in the country, greater than the Niagara Region and the North Okanagan. Total sales from agricultural businesses grew from $635,000,000 in 2010 to nearly $1 billion as of 2021 and accounts for almost 50% of all chicken eggs and dairy milk production for all of British Columbia.[52][51]

The BC government's Animal Health Centre, at the Abbotsford Agriculture Centre offers "more than 400 laboratory diagnostic tests for agents that may be found in wild and domestic birds, mammals, fish, reptiles and amphibians" and is the leading accredited full-service veterinary laboratory in Western Canada.[53] The facility has housed a Biosafety level 3 laboratory since October 2009.[54][55]

Abbotsford Regional Hospital and Cancer Centre and community health services make Fraser Health the city's largest employer with about 2,500 staff.[56] The city is also home to three federal prisons, each of which employs between 200 and 500 officers and support staff. There is also a growing aerospace industry led by Cascade Aerospace and Conair Group Inc.

Local and privately owned confectionery company Brookside Foods was acquired by The Hershey Company in 2011.[57] In 2016, it announced it would be closing.[58]

Education

[edit]

Forty-six public elementary, middle, and secondary schools are administered by the Abbotsford School District.[59] This includes a virtual school called the "Abbotsford Virtual School" that offers more than 30 semestered online courses. This school offers a unique animation and modeling program that teaches students aspects of the video game industry as well as many other courses such as Mathematics, English, and Science.

Private schools include Dasmesh Punjabi School, St. John Brebeuf Regional Secondary, Mennonite Educational Institute, and Abbotsford Christian School.

Post-secondary institutions in the city include the University of the Fraser Valley, religious institutions such as Columbia Bible College and Summit Pacific College, as well as career colleges such as Career Gate Community College, Sprott Shaw College, Vancouver Career College, Métis Skills and Employment Centre, and CDI College.

Arts, culture and heritage

[edit]

The Abbotsford Arts Council hosts a number of free local events including music in Mill Lake Park, the Arty Awards and more recently, the Christmas Artisan Gift Fair. It has been involved in projects such as the Abbotsford "Unity Statue", Abbotsford Christmas Craft Fair, Art in the Park, Abbotsford's Art and Heritage Unity Festival, and the Historical Downtown Art Bench Project. As well as maintaining the Kariton Art Gallery which features and hosts exhibitions from local artists of all mediums residing in the Lower Mainland.

The Reach Gallery Museum features exhibitions from across Canada and around the world, as well as the work of local artists. It houses a heritage archive, runs special events, programs and courses and seeks to promote local arts and culture.

Trethewey House Heritage Site features a restored 1920s Craftsman-style house built by J.O. Trethewey, one of the owners of the lumber and shingle mill that gave Mill Lake Park its name. The municipally designated heritage house and adjacent gallery are open to the public for special events, educational programming, and drop-in tours.

The Mennonite Heritage Museum, which opened in January 2016, features a permanent exhibit that tells the 500-year-old story of the Anabaptist/Mennonite movement, with a particular focus on the history of those Mennonites who settled in Abbotsford beginning in the early 1930s. The Museum also has a gallery that features the work of local Mennonite artists, a coffee shop serving traditional Mennonite foods, a bookstore, and a replica traditional Mennonite housebarn that includes a permanent exhibit focusing on Mennonites and agriculture. The Museum is also home to the library and archive of the Mennonite Historical Society of British Columbia.

Gallery 7 Theatre and Performing Arts has been one of Abbotsford only performing arts organizations since 1991 and operates out of Mennonite Educational Institute. They produce four mainstage productions every year.

Transportation

[edit]

Public bus transportation is provided by the Central Fraser Valley Transit System. Passenger rail service to Vancouver currently runs from nearby Mission by way of the West Coast Express.

Air links are provided by the Abbotsford International Airport. WestJet provides regular scheduled service from the airport, due to its proximity to Vancouver's eastern suburbs. The airport is also the home of the annual Abbotsford International Airshow.

Major transportation routes leading into Abbotsford are the Trans-Canada Highway (No. 1), the Abbotsford-Mission Highway (No. 11) and the Fraser Highway (No. 1A). Access to the United States is via the Sumas–Huntingdon Border Crossing.[60][61]

Media

[edit]
Main article: Media in the Fraser Valley

Due to its proximity to Vancouver, most Vancouver television and radio stations are also available in Abbotsford, although in a few cases there are repeater stations licensed to different centres in the region.

Radio

[edit]

Two radio stations originate from Abbotsford: CIVL-FM, campus radio station of the University of the Fraser Valley, and country music station CKQC-FM.[62][63]

Print

[edit]

Online

[edit]
  • Abbotsford Today[65]
  • Fraser Valley Current[66]

Sports

[edit]

Hockey

[edit]

Abbotsford Minor Hockey is one of the largest associations in British Columbia, with more than 1,000 players registered from the ages of 5 through 18 years old. This association is recognized by many as a model and a leader in the development of minor hockey programs, and several Abbotsford-raised players have gone on to the highest levels of this sport. In the 2005–06 hockey season, Abbotsford's bantam AAA team were ultimately the Western Canadian Bantam Champions, and eight individual players from this team (the most ever) were selected in the 2006 WHL Bantam Draft.

The Abbotsford Pilots of the Pacific International Junior Hockey League (junior B level) play at MSA Arena, which is Abbotsford's second largest arena at just over 400 seats. Abbotsford was considered as a possible home for the Chilliwack Chiefs (junior A), who were forced to move in 2006 when the Chilliwack Bruins (a WHL expansion team) took over their arena, Prospera Centre. Abbotsford would have become the home of the Chiefs if the city had supported them in building a new arena; instead, the Chiefs moved to Langley. Construction has now been completed in Abbotsford on a far bigger sports and entertainment centre (with 7,500 seats).[67]

From 2009 until 2014, Abbotsford hosted the NHL's Calgary Flames' American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate, the Abbotsford Heat.[68][69][70][71] Home games were played at the Abbotsford Entertainment & Sports Centre.

On May 6, 2021, the NHL's Vancouver Canucks were approved to relocate their AHL affiliate to Abbotsford for the 2021–22 season as the Abbotsford Canucks.[72]

Other sports

[edit]

From 2012 and 2013, the BC Angels of the Legends Football League's LFL Canada division played at the Abbotsford Entertainment & Sports Centre.[73]

Abbotsford's Jane and Gerry Swan Track at Rotary Stadium is home to the Valley Royals Track & Field Club, who have produced numerous Olympians, including two for the 2008 Olympics. Rotary Stadium was also home to the now-defunct Abbotsford Air Force of the Canadian Junior Football League.

Abbotsford has a superior youth soccer program, winning two national titles, and numerous provincial titles. It is also home of soccer all-stars Sophie Schmidt, Brad Petoom and Adam Lang. Abbotsford is home to the Abbotsford Mariners of the United Soccer Leagues Premier Development League, the highest level of amateur soccer in North America.

Abbotsford is home to many high school sports, with Abbotsford Senior Secondary School, W.J. Mouat Secondary, Rick Hansen Secondary, Robert Bateman Secondary, St. John Brebeuf Secondary, Yale Secondary, and the Mennonite Educational Institute, among others, doing very well in track and field, volleyball, basketball, and football. These schools have consistently ranked among the highest in the province. The Yale Secondary senior boys basketball team, under Coach Al Friesen, won the 2008 'AAA' provincial boys' basketball championship.[74]

Abbotsford's rugby club supports three men's teams, two women's teams, U19 men's and women's, U15 U16 and U17 men's, and a great mini rugby program. Many of Abbotsford's players have gone on to play for Canada, such as Erin Lockwood, Ryan McWhinney, Scott Hunter and Brodie Henderson.[75]

In Olympic sports, Abbotsford's Alana Kraus has won medals in short-track speed skating.

Club League Sport Venue Established Championships Status
Abbotsford Canucks
AHL
 Ice hockey Abbotsford Centre
2021
0
 Active
Abbotsford Heat
AHL
 Ice hockey Abbotsford Entertainment & Sports Centre
2009
0
 Defunct
BC Angels
LFL Canada
 Arena football Abbotsford Entertainment & Sports Centre
2012
0
 Defunct
Abbotsford Pilots
PIJHL
 Ice hockey MSA Arena
1987
3
 Active
Fraser Valley Mariners
USL
 Soccer Bateman Park
2003
0
 Active
Abbotsford RFC
FVRU
 Rugby CFV Exhibition Park
1972
0
 Active
Fraser Valley Thunderbirds
BCMML
 Ice hockey Abbotsford Centre
2018
1
 Active
Abbotsford Air Force
CJFL
 Football Rotary Stadium
1987
0
 Defunct
Abbotsford Flyers
BCJHL
 Ice hockey MSA Arena
1976
1
 Defunct
Abbotsford Falcons
BCJHL
 Ice hockey MSA Arena
1985
0
 Defunct
Valley Rebels
WCSLA
 Box lacrosse MSA Arena
2005
0
 Active
Abbotsford Bandits
WCSLA
 Box lacrosse MSA Arena
2000
0
 Defunct
UFV Cascades
US
 Basketball UFV Athletic Centre
?
?
 Active
UFV Cascades
US
 Soccer MRC Sports Complex
?
?
 Active
UFV Cascades
US
 Volleyball UFV Athletic Centre
?
?
 Active
UFV Cascades
US
 Baseball Delair Park
?
?
 Active
UFV Cascades
US
 Rugby Rotary Stadium
?
?
 Active
CBC Bearcats
CCAA
 Basketball Columbia Place
?
?
 Active
CBC Bearcats
CCAA
 Volleyball Columbia Place
?
?
 Active

Crime

[edit]
See also: Abbotsford Police Department

In 2005, the Abbotsford–Mission metropolitan area had the highest property crime rate and the second-highest violent crime rate among cities with a population of 100,000 to 500,000 in Canada.[76]

The metropolitan area had the highest rate of homicides nationally for two years running (2008 and 2009) with a rate of 5.22 homicides per 100,000 population, compared with the national average of 1.81.[77][78] In 2010, the rate was 2.3.[79]

The City of Abbotsford has its own municipal police force, one of eleven municipal police forces in British Columbia. It is the third-largest municipal police force in British Columbia (behind Vancouver and Victoria). As of 2006, the Abbotsford Police Department employed nearly 200 officers and 80 civilian employees.

The Abbotsford Police Department was officially formed in 1995 when the District of Matsqui and the District of Abbotsford amalgamated to become the City of Abbotsford. Prior to the amalgamation, the District of Matsqui was patrolled by the Matsqui police and the District of Abbotsford by the RCMP. During the referendum citizens elected to keep a municipal police force.

Cityscape

[edit]
Private residences near Upper Ten Oaks in eastern Abbotsford looking north-by-northwest towards Mission

These places represent parts of the city that have more than one neighbourhood in them.

  • Abbotsford East
  • Abbotsford West
  • Aberdeen
  • Bradner
  • Central Abbotsford
  • Matsqui
  • Poplar
  • Sumas Mountain
  • Sumas Prairie

Neighbourhoods

[edit]

Gibrin D.M and Fakanál. C

Notable people

[edit]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ In 1976, the amalgamation with the District of Sumas raised the population. Previous figures were for the square mile of Abbotsford only.
  2. ^ In 1995, the amalgamation with the District of Matsqui raised the population.
  3. ^ a b Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.
  4. ^ a b Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses.
  5. ^ a b Statistic includes total responses of "Filipino" and "Southeast Asian" under visible minority section on census.
  6. ^ a b Statistic includes total responses of "Chinese", "Korean", and "Japanese" under visible minority section on census.
  7. ^ a b Statistic includes total responses of "West Asian" and "Arab" under visible minority section on census.
  8. ^ a b Statistic includes total responses of "Visible minority, n.i.e." and "Multiple visible minorities" under visible minority section on census.
  9. ^ 2001–2016: Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.
  10. ^ 2021: Statistic includes all persons belonging to the non-indigenous and non-visible minority "White" population group.
  11. ^ Percentages total more than 100% due to multiple responses e.g. German-East Indian, Norwegian-Irish-Polish
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Not included elsewhere
  13. ^ Not otherwise specified
  14. ^ Statistics Canada does not distinguish between European and North American French origins. This category includes Acadians; Québécois-only (not multiple responses) are in North American origins.
  15. ^ Métis, First Nations, Inuit, Native Americans, Alaska Natives
  16. ^ American, Canadian, Québécois, Newfoundlander; does not include aboriginal peoples
  17. ^ Including aboriginal people of South and Central America
  18. ^ Germany, Austria, Benelux, Switzerland
  19. ^ Finland, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Iceland
  20. ^ Slavic and Baltic countries, plus Romania, Hungary and Albania
  21. ^ Roma (Gypsy), Jewish, Basque, misc. Slav
  22. ^ Excluding Arab countries of the Maghreb, including Afrikaners and other white South Africans
  23. ^ Including the Maghreb / North Africa
  24. ^ Afghan, Iranian, Azerbaijani, Kurdish, Turkish, Georgian, Armenian
  25. ^ Pacific Islands, Australia, New Zealand

References

[edit]
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