Award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
The Academy Award for Best Actress is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). It has been awarded since the 1st Academy Awards to an actress who has delivered an outstanding performance in a leading role in a film released that year. The award is traditionally presented by the previous year's Best Actor winner.
The Best Actress award has been presented 97 times, to 79 actresses. The first winner was Janet Gaynor for her roles in 7th Heaven , Street Angel , and Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans . The most recent winner is Emma Stone for her role in Poor Things (2023); she had previously won the award for her role in La La Land (2016). The record for most wins is four, held by Katharine Hepburn . Frances McDormand has won thrice, while thirteen other actresses have won the award twice. Meryl Streep has received the most nominations in this category—seventeen—and has won twice. Deborah Kerr holds the record in this category for most nominations (six) without a win —albeit in 1993, she was an Honorary Oscar recipient . At the 41st Academy Awards , Barbra Streisand and Katharine Hepburn received the same number of votes and thus tied for Best Actress (the only time this has occurred). Italian actress Sophia Loren became the first actor, in any category, to win for a foreign language performance in Two Women (1960).
Nominations process [ edit ]
Nominees are currently determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS; winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy.[ 1]
In the first three years of the awards, actors and actresses were nominated as the best individuals in their categories. At that time, all of their work during the qualifying period (as many as three films, in some cases) was listed after the award.[ 2] Despite this, at the 3rd Academy Awards , held in 1930, only one film was cited in each winner's award regardless of how many they were eligible to be considered for during that span.[ 3] The current system, in which an actress is nominated for a specific performance in a single film, was introduced for the 4th Academy Awards .[ 2] Starting with the 9th Academy Awards , held in 1937, the category was limited to a maximum five nominations per year.[ 2]
Winners and nominees [ edit ]
In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of film release in Los Angeles County ; the ceremonies are always held the following year.[ 4] For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months, from August 1 to July 31.[ 5] For the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1, 1932, to December 31, 1933.[ 5] Since the 7th ceremony held in 1935, the period of eligibility became the full previous calendar year from January 1 to December 31.[ 5]
Multiple wins and nominations [ edit ]
The following individuals received two or more Best Actress awards:
The following individuals received three or more Best Actress nominations:
Films with multiple Leading Actress nominations [ edit ]
Winners are in bold .
Multiple character nominations [ edit ]
The following were nominated for their portrayals of the same fictional or non-fictional character in separate films (including variations of the original).
Billie Holiday from Lady Sings the Blues (Diana Ross , 1972) & The United States vs. Billie Holiday (Andra Day , 2021)
Josephine "Jo" March from Little Women (Winona Ryder , 1994) & Little Women (Saoirse Ronan , 2019)
Leslie Crosbie from The Letter (Jeanne Eagels , 1929) & The Letter (Bette Davis , 1940)
Marilyn Monroe from My Week with Marilyn (Michelle Williams , 2011) & Blonde (Ana de Armas , 2022)
Queen Elizabeth I from Elizabeth (Cate Blanchett , 1998) & Elizabeth: The Golden Age (Cate Blanchett, 2007)
Vicki Lester (née Esther (Victoria) Blodgett ) from A Star Is Born (Janet Gaynor , 1937) & A Star Is Born (Judy Garland , 1954)
^ The 2nd Academy Awards is unique in being the only occasion where there were no official nominees. Subsequent research by AMPAS has resulted in a list of unofficial or de facto nominees, based on records of which films were evaluated by the judges.
A 1 2 : Rules at the time of the first three ceremonies allowed for a performer to receive a single nomination which could honor their work in more than one film. Greta Garbo and Norma Shearer were both nominated for two different roles in the same category. Current Academy rules forbid this from happening. No official reason was ever given as to why Shearer won the award for only one of the two films she was listed for.[ 105]
B ^ : Bette Davis 's performance in Of Human Bondage was not nominated for an Oscar.[ 106] Several influential people at the time campaigned to have her name included on the list, so for that year (and the following year also) the Academy relaxed its rules and allowed a write-in vote.[ 107] Technically this meant that any performance was eligible to win the award, whether or not the person was an official nominee. While the Academy does not officially recognize this as a nomination for Davis,[ 108] [ 109] it has included her in the list of nominees for the 1935 ceremony on its official website.[ 12]
C 1 2 : Katharine Hepburn and Barbra Streisand received the same number of votes, resulting in both actresses receiving the award, according to Academy rules.[ 110]
D ^ : Elliot Page was nominated as Ellen Page, before his gender transition in 2020.[ 111]
^ "Rule Six: Special Rules for the Acting Awards" (PDF) . AMPAS. p. 8-7. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 21, 2014. Retrieved August 30, 2013 .
^ a b c Levy 2003 , p. 56
^ Dirks, Tim. "1929–38 Academy Awards Winners and History" . Filmsite . Rainbow Media . Archived from the original on August 29, 2016. Retrieved August 30, 2013 .
^ Crouse 2005 , p. 257
^ a b c Levy 2003 , p. 52
^ "The 1st Academy Awards (1929) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 2nd Academy Awards (1930) Nominees and Winners" . AMPAS. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 3rd Academy Awards (1931) Nominees and Winners" . AMPAS. Archived from the original on August 2, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 4th Academy Awards (1932) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on November 2, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 5th Academy Awards (1933) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 6th Academy Awards (1934) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on February 1, 2017. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ a b "The 7th Academy Awards (1935) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on July 2, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 8th Academy Awards (1936) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on November 11, 2014. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 9th Academy Awards (1937) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on July 2, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 10th Academy Awards (1938) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on March 21, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 11th Academy Awards (1939) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on July 2, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 12th Academy Awards (1940) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on January 28, 2017. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 13th Academy Awards (1941) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on March 21, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 14th Academy Awards (1942) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 15th Academy Awards (1943) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on July 6, 2011. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 16th Academy Awards (1944) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on March 21, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 17th Academy Awards (1945) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on July 2, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 18th Academy Awards (1946) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 19th Academy Awards (1947) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 20th Academy Awards (1948) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on July 2, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 21st Academy Awards (1949) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on November 11, 2014. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 22nd Academy Awards (1950) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 23rd Academy Awards (1951) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on January 28, 2017. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 24th Academy Awards (1952) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 25th Academy Awards (1953) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on November 11, 2014. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 26th Academy Awards (1954) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 27th Academy Awards (1955) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on December 20, 2014. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 28th Academy Awards (1956) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on December 20, 2014. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 29th Academy Awards (1957) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 30th Academy Awards (1958) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 31st Academy Awards (1959) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 32nd Academy Awards (1960) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on September 8, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 33rd Academy Awards (1961) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ King, Susan (March 28, 2011). "The Academy to fete Sophia Loren" . Los Angeles Times . Archived from the original on May 6, 2015. Retrieved April 13, 2015 .
^ "The 34th Academy Awards (1962) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 35th Academy Awards (1963) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on July 2, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 36th Academy Awards (1964) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 37th Academy Awards (1965) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 38th Academy Awards (1966) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 39th Academy Awards (1967) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 40th Academy Awards (1968) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 41st Academy Awards (1969) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 42nd Academy Awards (1970) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 43rd Academy Awards (1971) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 44th Academy Awards (1972) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 45th Academy Awards (1973) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 46th Academy Awards (1974) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 47th Academy Awards (1975) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 48th Academy Awards (1976) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 49th Academy Awards (1977) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 50th Academy Awards (1978) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 51st Academy Awards (1979) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 52nd Academy Awards (1980) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 53rd Academy Awards (1981) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 54th Academy Awards (1982) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 55th Academy Awards (1983) Nominees and Winners" . AMPAS. Archived from the original on September 5, 2012. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 56th Academy Awards (1984) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 57th Academy Awards (1985) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 58th Academy Awards (1986) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 59th Academy Awards (1987) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 60th Academy Awards (1988) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 61st Academy Awards (1989) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on July 6, 2011. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 62nd Academy Awards (1990) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 63rd Academy Awards (1991) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 64th Academy Awards (1992) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 65th Academy Awards (1993) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 66th Academy Awards (1994) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 67th Academy Awards (1995) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 68th Academy Awards (1996) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 69th Academy Awards (1997) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 70th Academy Awards (1998) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 71st Academy Awards (1999) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 72nd Academy Awards (2000) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 73rd Academy Awards (2001) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 74th Academy Awards (2002) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 75th Academy Awards (2003) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 76th Academy Awards (2004) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 77th Academy Awards (2005) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on June 1, 2017. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 78th Academy Awards (2006) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on November 9, 2014. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 79th Academy Awards (2007) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 80th Academy Awards (2008) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 81st Academy Awards (2009) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on November 10, 2014. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 82nd Academy Awards (2010) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on September 29, 2012. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 83rd Academy Awards (2011) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on June 5, 2011. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 84th Academy Awards (2012) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on October 15, 2014. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 85th Academy Awards (2013) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on October 14, 2014. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 86th Academy Awards (2014) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on October 14, 2014. Retrieved April 10, 2014 .
^ "The 87th Academy Awards (2015) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on March 10, 2015. Retrieved January 15, 2015 .
^ "The 88th Academy Awards (2016) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on January 25, 2016. Retrieved January 14, 2016 .
^ "The 89th Academy Awards (2017) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on March 3, 2017. Retrieved January 14, 2017 .
^ "The 90th Academy Awards (2018) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on March 15, 2018. Retrieved January 14, 2018 .
^ "The 91st Academy Awards (2019) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on February 28, 2019. Retrieved January 14, 2019 .
^ "The 92nd Academy Awards (2020) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on February 9, 2021. Retrieved January 31, 2020 .
^ The eligibility period for the 93rd ceremony was extended through to February 28, 2021, due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic .
^ "The 93rd Academy Awards (2021) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on May 1, 2021. Retrieved March 14, 2023 .
^ "The 94th Academy Awards (2022) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 1, 2022. Retrieved March 14, 2023 .
^ "The 95th Academy Awards (2023) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on March 14, 2023. Retrieved March 14, 2023 .
^ "The 96th Academy Awards (2024) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on March 22, 2024. Retrieved March 24, 2024 .
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Levy, Emanuel (2003), All About Oscar: The History and Politics of the Academy Awards , New York , United States : Continuum International Publishing Group , ISBN 978-0-82641-452-6
Thise, Mark (2008), Hollywood Winners & Losers A to Z , New York , United States : Limelight Editions , ISBN 978-0-87910-351-4
Wiley, Mason; Bona, Damien (1996), Inside Oscar: The Unofficial History of the Academy Awards (5 ed.), New York , United States : Ballantine Books , ISBN 978-0-34540-053-6 , OCLC 779680732
Combined major Academy Awards Acting Directing Film Countries of the nominees Nominees demographics Other Combined major awards
1928–1950 1951–1975 1976–2000 2001–present