Allophanate hydrolase

In enzymology, an allophanate hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.54) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

allophanate + 3 H₂O + H⁺ ${\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons }$ 2 HCO₃⁻ + 2 NH₄⁺

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are allophanate (urea-1-carboxylate or N-carbamoylcarbamate) and H₂O, whereas its two products are HCO₃⁻ and NH₄⁺.

This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, those acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds, specifically in linear amides. The systematic name of this enzyme class is urea-1-carboxylate amidohydrolase. This enzyme is also called allophanate lyase. This enzyme participates in urea cycle and metabolism of amino groups and atrazine degradation.

• Urea carboxylase

• Maitz GS, Haas EM, Castric PA (1982). "Purification and properties of the allophanate hydrolase from Chlamydomonas reinhardii". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 714: 486–491. doi:10.1016/0304-4165(82)90158-1.
• Roon RJ, Levenberg B (1972). "Urea amidolyase. I. Properties of the enzyme from Candida utilis". J. Biol. Chem. 247 (13): 4107–13. PMID 4556303.
• Sumrada RA, Cooper TG (1982). "Urea carboxylase and allophanate hydrolase are components of a multifunctional protein in yeast". J. Biol. Chem. 257 (15): 9119–27. PMID 6124544.
• Kanamori T, Kanou N, Kusakabe S, Atomi H, Imanaka T (2005). "Allophanate hydrolase of Oleomonas sagaranensis involved in an ATP-dependent degradation pathway specific to urea". FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 245 (1): 61–5. doi:10.1016/j.femsle.2005.02.023. PMID 15796980.