Categories
  Encyclosphere.org ENCYCLOREADER
  supported by EncyclosphereKSF

American Automobile Association

From Wikipedia - Reading time: 34 min

American Automobile Association
Company typeUmbrella organization
IndustryAutomotive services, insurance, banking, travel, hospitality inspections
FoundedMarch 4, 1902; 122 years ago (1902-03-04)
Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
HeadquartersHeathrow, Florida, U.S.
Key people
Valerie Daniels-Carter, Chairwoman
ProductsMaps, travel guides, and car batteries
ServicesRoadside assistance, auto repair, traveling, motoring advice, traffic safety, and others
Websiteaaa.com

American Automobile Association (AAA – commonly pronounced as "Triple A" or "Three A" but also pronounced as individual letters) is a federation of motor clubs throughout North America. AAA is a privately held not-for-profit national member association and service organization with over 60 million members[1] in the United States and Canada.[2] AAA provides services to its members, including roadside assistance and others. Its national headquarters are in Heathrow, Florida.[3]

History

[edit]

The American Automobile Association (AAA) was founded on March 4, 1902, in Chicago, Illinois, in response to a lack of roads and highways suitable for automobiles.[4][5] At that time, nine motor clubs with a total of 1,500 members banded together to form the AAA. Those individual motor clubs included the Chicago Automobile Club, Automobile Club of America, Automobile Club of New Jersey, and others.[6] The Automobile Club of Buffalo joined in 1903.[7] Winthrop E. Scarritt was its first president.[4] One of the first things the organization advocated for was the building of a cross-country highway.[8]

Augustus Post, an original founder of the American Automobile Association, driving his 1905 White Steamer in New York City parade. In the background is Mark Twain's house. Passengers include Stanton Sickles at left and a Tammany Hall politician at right.

The first AAA road maps were published in 1905. AAA began printing hotel guides in 1917. The AAA began its School Safety Patrol Program in 1920, the first of the association's driver safety programs, which provided local schools with materials, including badges and ID cards[9] to train and organize students into a patrol force. These programs were part of a wave of safety campaigns that sought to upend the then-common opinion that the blame for pedestrian injuries and deaths lay primarily with motorists.[10] As summarized by historian Peter Norton, "[AAA] and other members of motordom were crafting a new kind of traffic safety effort[. ...] It claimed that pedestrians were just as responsible as motorists for injuries and accidents. It ignored claims defending the historic rights of pedestrians to the streets—in the new motor age, historic precedents were obsolete."[10] The AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety, which conducts studies on motorist safety, was established as a separate entity in 1947.[11]

AAA created an organization called the Racing Board, and later known as the Contest Board, in 1902 to officiate the Vanderbilt Cup international automobile race in Long Island, New York. In 1909, AAA decided to ban women from any competition they sanctioned after Joan Newton Cuneo had beaten a number of leading male drivers at a variety of different races.[citation needed] The Racing Board sanctioned the Indianapolis 500 and awarded national racing championships in 1905, 1916, 1920–1941, and 1946–1955.[12] After the 1955 Le Mans disaster, AAA decided that auto racing distracted from its primary goals, and the United States Automobile Club was formed to take over the race sanctioning and officiating. In 2005, AAA re-entered racing as a sponsor of ISC-owned tracks. In 2006, AAA's foray into racing expanded when it made a three-year commitment to sponsor Roush Racing's number 6 car on the NASCAR Nextel Circuit.[13]

AAA 50th Anniversary US stamp, issued in 1952, promotes the School Safety Patrol.[citation needed]

In 1935, AAA published Sportsmanlike Driving, the first course outline for high school teachers. In 1936, AAA published the first driver education curriculum for use in high schools (also titled Sportsmanlike Driving, now known as How to Drive).[14] AAA has updated its driver training courses throughout the years and many clubs currently offer their own driving schools, or work with other companies to provide AAA's driving curriculum.[15] The AAA How to Drive driver education curriculum is currently in its 15th edition and the only officially endorsed curriculum of the American Driver and Traffic Safety Education Association (ADTSEA).[16]

In 1936, AAA began a pedestrian safety program with a grant from the Automotive Safety Foundation. AAA went on to commission and publish (1938) an extensive study of pedestrian safety for the purpose of reducing pedestrian fatalities and injuries. AAA's Pedestrian Protection Program began in 1937 and focuses national attention on pedestrian safety needs by recognizing cities, counties and states that have demonstrated successful pedestrian safety programs.[17]

AAA has also provided services to the U.S. government in times of war. During the 1940s, AAA offered its services to the Advisory Commission of the Council of National Defense[18] in anticipation of becoming involved in World War II. AAA President Thomas P. Henry was appointed consultant in the transportation unit of the Defense Council, and AAA pledged resources, including highway information, to national defense planning efforts as it had during World War I.[19]

Reductions in manufacturing because of the war increased the need for conservation in automobiles and their related products. AAA's efforts at conservation included supporting the manufacture of synthetic rubber in anticipation of a war-related tire/rubber shortage, urging motorists to reduce their driving speed to conserve fuel (1942); and backing a scrap rubber campaign (1942). In 1944, AAA's Keep 'em Rolling campaign sponsored a cross-country tour featuring cars equipped with synthetic tires. The tour demonstrated the reliability of tires made with synthetic rubber.[20] In doing its part to assist in the war effort, AAA placed its mapping facilities at the disposal of the Army department; conducted motor pool driver education (1943); secured an order from the War Production Board that stopped the sale of certain anti-freeze solutions harmful to motors (1943); launched a campaign to alleviate a growing shortage of auto mechanics (1943); monitored tire and gasoline rationing (1943); and established, in cooperation with the Red Cross and military hospitals, a driver training program for veterans with artificial limbs (1944). AAA also assisted in the development of a manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices and their operation during wartime (1942).[21]

The end of the war brought new needs for motorists and AAA assisted by releasing the film "Traffic Jam Ahead", which outlined a practical program for postwar traffic safety, and publishing Post-war Travel Trends as a public service. In 1946, AAA launched a campaign called "Take It Easy", which was designed to reduce traffic fatalities. Subsequently, fatalities dropped 20 percent below the pre-war figure.[22]

In the 1960s, AAA helped draft the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1966, setting safety standards for automobiles, tires, and equipment. AAA also helped draft the Highway Safety Act, specifying standards for motor vehicle inspection and registration, motorcycle safety, driver education, driver licensing, traffic courts, highway design, construction, maintenance, and traffic control devices.[23][failed verification – see discussion]

During the oil crisis of the 1970s, the AAA Fuel Gauge Report was created to assist motorists in finding gas stations that had fuel and were open. AAA also began its Gas Watchers program with the endorsement of President Gerald Ford. The Gas Watchers Guide continues to be published to provide simple steps motorists can take to conserve gasoline in their daily driving.[24]

In 1979, President Jimmy Carter appointed AAA President James B. Creal to the National Alcohol Fuels Commission. Creal also chaired a task force on gas rationing and was appointed to President Carter's National Council on Energy Efficiency. AAA representatives serving on President Carter's Alcohol Fuels Commission were requested to sign the Energy Securities Act of 1980. In addition, Creal served on the Industries Advisory Board of Congressional Travel and Tourism Caucus in the early 1980s.[25]

In the 1980s, AAA's mapping services received significant recognition when scenic highways were identified on AAA's sheet maps for the first time. AAA maps were used in the 1984 Louisiana World Exposition where more than 13,000 full-color AAA map images were provided on an optical laser disc for demonstration of an in-car navigation device in the Chrysler Pavilion. And in 1985 the AAA North American Road Atlas was sold at retail for the first time and made the New York Times best-seller paperback list within six weeks. AAA experimented in the 1980s with the On-line Touring Information System (OTIS), which eventually was combined with other automated services under the name AAA Travel Match. The self-service terminal worked like an ATM, with rotating menus and touch-control screens that allowed users to obtain local travel information.[26]

In Congressional hearings held in 1983 on the proposed Motor Vehicle Theft Law Enforcement Act, the Michigan AAA affiliate (then known as Automobile Club of Michigan) presented testimony regarding the rapid growth in average per-vehicle costs of car theft, in support of stamping the vehicle identification number on individual car parts as a deterrent to such theft.[27]

The AAA School Safety Patrol Program and Lifesaving Medal Award won the Presidential Citation Award for Private Sector Initiatives which honors outstanding volunteer projects in 1985.[28] A year later, on February 4, 1986, President Ronald Reagan honored a recipient of AAA's School Safety Patrol Lifesaving Medal in his State of the Union Address.[citation needed]

In 1988, AAA focused its legislative efforts on the Truck & Bus Safety Regulatory Reform Act requiring interstate drivers and equipment to meet federal safety regulations. The act was signed into law in November 1988.[citation needed]

AAA joined government and private-sector companies—the Federal Highway Administration, Avis, General Motors and the Florida Department of Transportation—in 1990 for the Smart Car experiment, also known as the TravTek Project. This test of a computerized in-car navigation and travel information system demonstrated consumer acceptance of telematics technology that would make driving easier and reduce traffic congestion.[29][30]

A new driver's education program, "Teaching Teens to Drive", was introduced by AAA in 1996 to focus on parent involvement in teen driving education. A year later, in 1997, AAA launched Licensed to Learn, a campaign to increase awareness of the need for graduated driver licensing (GDL) laws in every state. At the outset of the campaign only eight states had enacted GDL laws. Today, all 50 states and the District of Columbia have enacted some form of GDL legislation.[31]

Research in the 1990s led AAA to pursue another issue of importance to US motorists: a transportation crisis resulting from infrastructure that had been under-funded for many years. The Crisis Ahead: America's Aging Highways and Airways research led to AAA helping to shape two pieces of landmark legislation: the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) in 1998 and the Aviation Investment and Reform Act for the 21st Century (AIR-21) in 2000.[32] Both laws embrace the principle that user fees charged to motorists and air travelers should be fully invested in improving and modernizing the nation's surface and air transportation infrastructures.[33][34][35]

Because of its work in traffic safety AAA was cited in 1998 as the Clinton Administration's number one traffic safety partner by U.S. Transportation Secretary Rodney Slater. And in 2000, NHTSA presented AAA with a public service award in appreciation of AAA's leadership in the Child Passenger Safety Certification Program, which teaches how to properly install infant/child safety seats, and for its continuing efforts in graduated driver licensing.[36]

Skyrocketing gas prices led AAA to testify before three Congressional committees regarding increased gasoline prices in 2000, and to lobby to prevent Congress from repealing parts of the federal gasoline tax, which would have reduced Highway Trust Fund revenue without guaranteeing consumers any relief from high gas prices.[37][38][39] Participating in the U.S. Department of Transportation secretary's Aviation Summit, AAA President and CEO Robert L. Darbelnet communicated AAA's stand on the aviation crisis saying that consistent underfunding of the nation's air transportation infrastructure had led to the crisis and offering a four-point plan to help turn it around.[40] Also that year, AAA testified before Congress and the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, on proposed hours-of-service regulations for commercial truck drivers and launched Share With Care, a public education campaign on safely sharing the road with trucks.[41]

In the early 2000s (decade), AAA's focus on helping seniors stay mobile longer and more safely led to an appointment to the White House Conference on Aging.[42] AAA promoted solutions such as senior-friendly road design, screening tools, education for seniors and their families, and supplemental transportation. Reader's Digest highlighted AAA's transportation safety agenda by focusing on the importance of road safety improvements, particularly for seniors.[43] To help seniors become safer drivers or to recognize signs that it is time to stop driving, AAA developed Roadwise Review, a computer-based screening tool enabling older drivers to identify and address physiological changes that could affect driving.[44]

Discrimination

[edit]

During the Jim Crow era, AAA actively discriminated against African Americans, who could not join the association.[45] Alternatives to AAA guides, such as The Negro Motorist Green Book, were written.[46]

Current operations

[edit]
AAA's office in Walnut Creek, California
A typical AAA Car Care Plus center

Members belong to one of 42 individual clubs (see List of AAA regional clubs), and the clubs in turn own AAA. The number of local clubs has decreased over time through consolidation; as late as the 1970s the membership roster included dozens of clubs that each served a single county, particularly in New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. The member clubs have arranged a reciprocal service system so that members of any participating club are able to receive member services from any other affiliate club. Member dues finance all club services as well as the operations of the national organization.

The vast majority of AAA clubs have "AAA" as part of their name, although the two largest AAA clubs by membership do not: the Automobile Club of Southern California and Auto Club Group.

AAA Roadside Assistance

[edit]

AAA clubs primarily provide emergency road services to its members. These services, which include towing, lockouts, winching, tire changes, automotive first aid, battery replacement, and others, are handled by private local towing companies contracted by a state AAA club. AAA sells roadside assistance for a variety of motor vehicles, including motorcycles. In some areas, AAA also offers bicycle roadside assistance. Many AAA clubs have an automotive fleet division serving large metro areas, while private towing companies cover the surplus call volume by area. Certain clubs have implemented an "on the go" diagnostic/installation automotive battery program.[47]

Rating system

[edit]

The AAA Diamond Program rate restaurants and hotels according to a "diamond" scale (one to five). It includes over 60,000 properties in the United States, Canada, Mexico and the Caribbean, amongst them nearly 27,000 hotels and more than 30,000 restaurants.[48] The best hotels and restaurants according to AAA's criteria receive the Five Diamond Award.

[edit]

Clubs also distribute road maps (including customized map guides for specific journeys) and travel publications (TourBook guides). Many offices sell automobile liability insurance, provide travel agency, auto-registration and notary services. Maps, TourBook guides, and travel agent services are generally free to members. AAA also offers member discounts through its "AAA Discounts & Rewards" program.[49] TripTik is AAA's travel planning guide and online travel planner. The print version includes road maps and other travel information, such as gas prices.[50]

AAA is authorized by the U.S. Department of State to issue International Driving Permits in the United States, along with the National Automobile Club.

International affiliates

[edit]

The AAA has reciprocal arrangements with a range of international affiliates. In general, members of affiliates are offered the same benefits as members of the AAA while traveling in the United States, while AAA members are offered equivalent benefits while traveling in the territory of the affiliate.

International affiliates include:

An updated listing of International Affiliates can be found on AAA's Exchange website.

Motorist rights

[edit]

The AAA has weighed in over the years on numerous issues that affect motorists.

The AAA is known for occasional high-profile motorist advisories of traffic enforcement, such as when it rented a billboard to warn motorists of the speed trap town of Lawtey, Florida.[51] It also is a supporter of the Motor Vehicle Owners' Right to Repair Act, first introduced in 2001 but which has not become law.

Additionally, the AAA supported measures that tax motorists—with the goal of strengthening infrastructure and highway maintenance—as well as supporting other measures that affect drivers:

  • Virginia's now-repealed traffic citation tax because of its revenue generation potential.[52]
  • The since-repealed National Maximum Speed Limit that limited speeds to 55 mph (90 km/h).[53]
  • Supporting red light cameras.[54]
  • Lobbied in favor of speed cameras in Maryland in 2002,[55] several years before they were actually authorized. Provisionally supporting the expansion of speed cameras in Maryland in 2009,[56] and opposing the repeal of speed cameras in Maryland in 2013.[57]
  • Lobbied in favor of authorizing speed cameras in Indiana.[58]
  • Supporting an increase in the federal gas tax,[59] and supporting gas tax increases at the state level such as in Virginia in 2012.[60]
  • Opposing Illinois increasing its rural speed limit from 65 to 70 mph (105–115 km/h).[61]
  • Proposing the creation of a vehicle miles traveled tax in Idaho[62]
  • Opposing the raising of tolls on bridges and tunnels in the New York Metropolitan Area.[63]

Environmental protection

[edit]

In 2001, AAA launched its Great Battery Roundup to encourage motorists to recycle old automobile batteries, tires and various types of automotive fluids. Since then more than 4 million batteries have been recycled through that program and the mobile battery service. Typically holding events around Earth Day, AAA clubs often team up with other environmental organization such as the EPA and the Nature Conservancy to expand these recycling efforts.[64]

In 2006, AAA worked with the EPA to improve the fuel economy information provided to new car buyers by vehicle manufacturers. Using several different types of tests, AAA recreated real-world driving conditions to illustrate the difference in fuel economy, and the EPA incorporated AAA's testing into their new procedures. The more accurate testing resulted in a reduction of miles per gallon claims between 5 and 25 percent, beginning with 2008 model year vehicles.[65]

As fuel prices rise, consumers often see increased marketing of fuel additives as a way to boost fuel economy. AAA has tested many of these products and has never found one that provides significant savings for consumers. AAA has warned consumers repeatedly against products that make such claims and encourages motorists to develop instead fuel-conserving driving habits, such as reducing the weight of the vehicle by removing unnecessary objects from the trunk, instituting smooth stops and starts, and reducing their speed.[66]

It is generally understood that the benefits of fuel conservation for consumers include financial savings, improved road safety and a healthier environment. To assist motorists in becoming more conscious about saving fuel, AAA published its first Gas Watcher's Guide in the 1970s during the oil crisis. The annual guide provides information on a variety of factors that affect fuel economy, such as modifying driving behavior, keeping a vehicle well maintained, choosing the proper fuel, and choosing the most fuel-efficient vehicle for a family's needs.[67]

Over the years, AAA has encouraged consumers to use public transportation by including these transportation options in its travel guidebooks. AAA has also called on government to invest adequately in a multi-modal transportation system that is widely accessible and affordable. In comments to the National Journal, AAA President and CEO Robert L. Darbelnet said that funding for high-speed rail from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act is a "drop in the bucket" of what is needed, and that those funds would be well spent if, going forward, additional sources of investment could be identified.[68]

In addition to encouraging fuel efficiency and conservation, AAA and other organizations initiated National Car Care Month during the 1980s to publicize the fact that poorly maintained vehicles contribute to excessive energy consumption and air pollution. AAA works in cooperation with businesses, civic groups, the government and the media in promoting and coordinating this annual event, held each October.[69][70]

In 1992, AAA launched a popular ecotourism promotion called Freedom's Way. With support from agencies such as the National Park Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Environmental Protection Agency and others, AAA produced travel tips and public service messages encouraging travelers to help protect America's scenic areas and respect the environment. Topics included reducing congestion and pollution, conserving energy, disposing of litter and enjoying wildlife at a distance. The prevailing theme was that heavy use or abuse of a site damages the quality of the experience for everyone and sometimes even results in the closure of parks and recreation areas. The message was simple but effective.[71][72][73]

In 2016, AAA introduced a new website[74] focused on hybrid and electric vehicles, and offers mobile charging aid for stranded EVs, similar to fuel-starved piston cars.[75]

AAA clubs have also been a part of the organization's century-long environmental advocacy efforts including:

  • In 1919, alarmed by rapid destruction of California's giant redwood trees at the hands of commercial loggers, AAA's California State Automobile Association launched a multiyear publicity and lobbying campaign. Working with the Save the Redwoods League, CSAA continued promoting awareness and, in 1927, a bill creating a state park system that protected redwoods became law.[76]
  • AAA Washington works with the state's Department of Ecology to assist with programs that help minimize the impact of automobile emissions, and the club's fleet services operations were named a county EnviroStar business in recognition of environment-friendly practices.[77][78]
  • Since 1991, the California State Automobile Association and Bay Area Air Quality Management District have co-sponsored a Spare the Air campaign designed to reduce traffic congestion and improve air quality. CSAA also sponsors the AAA Outdoor Corps, a group of employee volunteers who clean beaches, clear park trails and plant trees in wetlands.[79]
  • AAA Michigan sponsors Detroit Clean Sweep, an ongoing program involving club employees who help promote a cleaner environment through volunteer activities such as collecting litter. In addition, the club's Freeway Courtesy Patrol vans cruise local roadways to assist motorists and help reduce congestion.[80]
  • AAA Mid-Atlantic was lead sponsor of a U.S. Department of Transportation Livable Communities workshop in Philadelphia that brought together bicycle, pedestrian, transit and safety groups regarding safe and efficient travel. In honor of Earth Day, AAA Mid-Atlantic planted trees in America's National Forests, literally, on behalf of their members who took advantage of AAA Mid-Atlantic's Mobile Battery Service program. For every member who called to have a new car battery installed and the old battery recycled, a tree was planted in the national forest. The tree plantings were made possible through the Arbor Day Foundation, a non-profit conservation and education organization.[81]
  • AAA Oregon/Idaho is closely associated with Stop Oregon Litter and Vandalism, and provides TripTik-style guides for annual beach clean-ups and habitat mitigation projects.[82]
  • AAA Lancaster County earned an Outstanding Partner Award from the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection for its Ozone Action Program. The club also belongs to an advisory committee that promotes multiple modes of transportation systems that conform to federal air quality standards.[83]
  • The Auto Club of Southern California helped establish the Southern California Rideshare program. The club has supported dozens of transit projects that provide an appropriate benefit for their expense, including commuter transit services in the Inland Empire.[84]

Criticism

[edit]

Despite its work promoting environmental responsibility in the automotive and transportation arenas, AAA's lobbying positions have sometimes been perceived to be hostile to mass transit and environmental interests. In 2006, the Automobile Club of Southern California worked against Prop. 87. The proposition would have established a "$4 billion program to reduce petroleum consumption (in California) by 25 percent, with research and production incentives for alternative energy, alternative energy vehicles, energy efficient technologies, and for education and training."[85]

Daniel Becker, director of Sierra Club's global warming and energy program, described AAA as "a lobbyist for more roads, more pollution, and more gas guzzling."[86] He observed that among other lobbying activities, AAA issued a press release critical of the Clean Air Act, stating that it would "threaten the personal mobility of millions of Americans and jeopardize needed funds for new highway construction and safety improvements."[86] "AAA spokespeople have criticized open-space measures and opposed U.S. EPA restrictions on smog, soot, and tailpipe emissions."[87] "The club spent years battling stricter vehicle-emissions standards in Maryland, whose air, because of emissions and pollution from states upwind, is among the nation's worst."[88] As of 2017, AAA continues to lobby against public transportation projects.[89]

Response

[edit]

While AAA's work on behalf of motorists and travelers seems at odds sometimes with its environmental stance, awareness of the underlying issues has led to greater understanding. For instance, in 2009, AAA asked the EPA not to increase the allowable ethanol content in gasoline from 10 percent to 15 percent, citing several concerns affecting vehicle emissions, engine performance, system component damage, and vehicle warranty agreements, among others. AAA said that more research needed to be done on the potential harmful effects prior to increasing the ethanol content in fuel.[90]

In another instance, AAA supported the overall goal of the Clean Air Act, but objected to several specific provisions in the legislation, requesting clarification of the proposed state inspection and maintenance program provision and asking that the implementation guidelines be fully evaluated prior to enactment. According to a Washington Times article,[citation needed] which referred to research by Energy & Environment Analysis Inc., tightening federal emissions standards had led to a role reversal for the automobile, making it less of a contributor to smog. Instead, stationary emission sources such as factories, as well as heavy and utility vehicles were more of a threat to air quality and would be appropriate targets in the battle against smog. "However, by primarily emphasizing vehicle regulations in the 1970s and ignoring gasoline regulations EPA actually caused fuels to become dirtier, effectively undermining a significant portion of any gains achieved through the tighter control of vehicles."[91][92][93][94]

And more recently, although AAA supports the manufacture and use of hybrid vehicles, research by the British Columbia Automobile Association in 2010 shows that they do not result in significant financial savings for consumers, although they are often marketed that way.[95]

In response to these concerns, several competing organizations have emerged, including Better World Club. These organizations generally provide similar roadside assistance, trip planning and other services, in an environmentally friendly manner. This includes discounts for fuel-efficient vehicles and donations to environmental organizations.

Also as a response to the critics, the California State Automobile Association, a branch of AAA, set up a booth at the San Francisco International Auto Show to raise awareness regarding plug-in hybrid vehicles.[96]

List of regional clubs

[edit]
AAA regional clubs[97]
Club Headquarters Founded Territory Insurance Magazine Website
AAA Northern New England[Note 1] Portland, Maine Maine, New Hampshire (except for Salem), and Vermont[98] Auto Club Enterprises Insurance Group Northern New England Journey northernnewengland.aaa.com
AAA Northeast [Note 2]

[Note 3]

Providence, Rhode Island 1900 Rhode Island
Connecticut: New Haven, Fairfield, and Litchfield counties
Massachusetts
Portions of New Jersey, including Florham Park, as well as Essex, Morris, Union, Bergen, Hudson, and Passaic counties[105]
New York State: Long Island, the five boroughs of New York City, and Westchester, Rockland, Sullivan, Ulster, Dutchess, Orange, Putnam, Chenango, Delaware, Otsego, Schoharie, and Herkimer counties, and parts of Lewis, Madison, and Oneida counties[106] 		AAA Southern New England Insurance Company Your AAA northeast.aaa.com
AAA Club Alliance[Note 4] Wilmington, Delaware 1900 Greater Hartford, CT Area, Cincinnati Tri-State Area, Miami County, OH, Greater Dayton, OH Area, Northwest Ohio, AAA Blue Grass & Bluefield Regions, Southern West Virginia, Kansas, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Delaware, Maryland, Washington DC, and parts of Virginia, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. ACA Club Insurance Agency, Inc.[109] AAA World Archived August 15, 2020, at the Wayback Machine ClubAlliance.aaa.com
AAA Merrimack Valley[Note 2] Lawrence, Massachusetts Eastern Middlesex County, Western Essex County, and Salem, New Hampshire Your AAA northeast.aaa.com
AAA Hudson Valley Albany, New York New York State: Albany County, Villages of Waterford and Stillwater, City of Mechanicville in Saratoga County and all of Rensselaer, Greene, and Columbia counties[110] AAA Hudson Valley Insurance Agency AAA every day hudsonvalley.aaa.com
AAA Northway Schenectady, New York New York State: Broome, Tioga, Chemung, Clinton, Essex, Franklin, Fulton, Hamilton, Montgomery, Schenectady, Saratoga, Warren, and Washington counties[111] CSAA Insurance Group[109] AAA Now! northway.aaa.com
AAA Western and Central New York Buffalo, New York New York State: Allegany, Cattaraugus, Cayuga, Chautauqua, Cortland, Erie, Genesee, Jefferson, Lewis, Livingston, Madison, Monroe, Niagara, Oneida, Onondaga, Ontario, Oswego, Schuyler, Seneca, Steuben, St. Lawrence, Tompkins, Wayne, Wyoming, and Yates counties[112] CSAA Insurance Group[109] Member Connection westerncentralny.aaa.com
AAA South Jersey Voorhees, New Jersey New Jersey: Camden, Cumberland, Gloucester, and Salem counties[113] CSAA Insurance Group[109] SJ First southjersey.aaa.com
AAA East Central
(East Penn Region)[Note 1] 		Allentown, Pennsylvania Pennsylvania: All of Lehigh County and parts of Bucks, Carbon, Chester, Montgomery, and Northampton counties[114] Auto Club Enterprises Insurance Group AAA Motorist eastcentral.aaa.com
AAA Northampton County Easton, Pennsylvania 1918 Pennsylvania: Greater Easton area, the eastern municipalities and townships (Bethlehem, Bushkill, Forks, Lower and Upper Nazareth, Lower and Upper Mt. Bethel, Lower Saucon, Moore, and Williams) in Northampton County, and northeastern Bucks County AAA Now! northampton.aaa.com
AAA North Penn Scranton, Pennsylvania Pennsylvania: Lackawanna, Monroe, Lycoming, Wayne, Bradford, Susquehanna, Pike, Tioga, Wyoming, Potter, and Sullivan counties[115] CSAA Insurance Group[109] AAA North Penn News northpenn.aaa.com
AAA Central Penn Harrisburg, Pennsylvania Pennsylvania: Adams, Cumberland, Dauphin, Huntingdon, Juniata, Lancaster, Lebanon, Mifflin, and Perry counties[116] CSAA Insurance Group[109] AAA Now! centralpenn.aaa.com
AAA Southern Pennsylvania York, Pennsylvania Pennsylvania: York, Franklin, Fulton, Bedford, Clearfield, Cambria, Clinton, Centre, northern Somerset, and western Cumberland counties[117] CSAA Insurance Group[109] Home & Away southpa.aaa.com
AAA Schuylkill County Pottsville, Pennsylvania Pennsylvania: Schuylkill County[118] CSAA Insurance Group[109] AAA Now! ww1.aaa.com
AAA Tidewater Virginia[Note 1] Virginia Beach, Virginia Hampton Roads area of Virginia[119] Auto Club Enterprises Insurance Group Tidewater Traveler www.tidewater.aaa.com
AAA Carolinas Charlotte, North Carolina 1922[120] North Carolina and South Carolina[121] Go carolinas.aaa.com
Auto Club Group[Note 5] Tampa, Florida Florida, Georgia, Tennessee, Puerto Rico, and Bristol, Virginia The Auto Club Group AAA Living autoclubsouth.aaa.com
AAA Alabama[Note 1] Birmingham, Alabama Alabama Auto Club Enterprises Insurance Group Alabama Journey www.aaa.com
Auto Club Group [Note 5] Knoxville, Tennessee Tennessee AAA Living autoclubsouth.aaa.com
AAA East Central
(Kentucky Region)[Note 1] 		Louisville, Kentucky Kentucky: Adair, Allen, Anderson, Ballard, Breckinridge, Bullitt, Butler, Caldwell, Calloway, Carlisle, Casey, Christian, Clinton, Crittenden, Cumberland, Daviess, Edmonson, Fulton, Graves, Grayson, Green, Hancock, Hardin, Henderson, Henry, Hickman, Hopkins, Jefferson, LaRue, Livingston, Logan, Lyon, Marion, Marshall, McCracken, McLean, Meade, Metcalfe, Monroe, Muhlenberg, Nelson, Ohio, Oldham, Russell, Shelby, Simpson, Spencer, Taylor, Todd, Trigg, Trimble, Union, Warren, Washington, Wayne, and Webster counties AAA Motorist eastcentral.aaa.com
AAA East Central [Note 6][Note 1] Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 1900 New York State: Orleans County
Ohio: Adams, Ashland, Ashtabula, Athens, Columbiana, Cuyahoga, Fayette, Gallia, Geauga, Highland, Hocking, Huron, Jackson, Jefferson, Lake, Lawrence, Lorain, Mahoning, Meigs, Noble, Pike, Portage, Ross, Scioto, Trumbull, Tuscarawas, Vinton, and Washington counties. Parts of Stark County.

Pennsylvania: Allegheny, Armstrong, Beaver, Blair, Butler, Cameron, Clarion, Crawford, Elk, Erie, Fayette, Forest, Greene, Indiana, Jefferson, Lawrence, McKean, Mercer, Northumberland, Snyder, Union, Venango, Warren, Washington, and Westmoreland counties. Parts of Bucks, Cambria, Carbon, Montgomery, Northampton, and Somerset counties.
West Virginia: Barbour, Berkeley, Braxton, Brooke, Cabell, Calhoun, Doddridge, Gilmer, Grant, Hampshire, Hancock, Hardy, Harrison, Jackson, Jefferson, Lewis, Lincoln, Logan, Marion, Marshall, Mason, Mineral, Mingo, Monongalia, Morgan, Ohio, Pendleton, Pleasants, Pocahontas, Preston, Putnam, Randolph, Ritchie, Roane, Taylor, Tucker, Tyler, Upshur, Wayne, Webster, Wetzel, Wirt, and Wood counties

AAA Motorist eastcentral.aaa.com
Akron Auto Club Akron, Ohio Ohio: Summit County (except Barberton)[124] CSAA Insurance Group[109] AAA Now! ww1.aaa.com
Ohio Auto Club Worthington, Ohio Ohio: Allen, Auglaize, Belmont, Butler, Carroll, Coshocton, Crawford, Delaware, Erie, Fairfield, Franklin, Guernsey, Hardin, Harrison, Holmes, Knox, Licking, Logan, Madison, Marion, Medina, Mercer, Monroe, Morgan, Muskingum, Perry, Pickaway, Putnam, Richland, Sandusky, Seneca, Stark, Summit, Union, Van Wert, Wayne, and Wyandot counties[125] CSAA Insurance Group[109] AAA Magazine cluballiance.aaa.com
Findlay Automobile Club Findlay, Ohio Ohio: Hancock County[117] CSAA Insurance Group[109] AAA Now! findlay.aaa.com
AAA Shelby County Sidney, Ohio Ohio: Shelby county AAA Now! ww1.aaa.com
Auto Club Group [Note 5] Dearborn, Michigan Michigan The Auto Club Group AAA Living michigan.aaa.com
Hoosier Motor Club Indianapolis, Indiana Indiana: Bartholomew, Benton, Boone, Brown, Carroll, Clark, Clay, Clinton, Decatur, Delaware, Fayette, Floyd, Fountain, Greene, Hamilton, Hancock, Harrison, Hendricks, Henry, Howard, Jackson, Jasper, Jennings, Johnson, Lawrence, Madison, Marion, Monroe, Montgomery, Morgan, Newton, Orange, Owen, Parke, Pulaski, Putnam, Rush, Scott, Shelby, Starke, Sullivan, Tippecanoe, Tipton, Union, Vermillion, Vigo, Warren, Washington, and Wayne counties[126] CSAA Insurance Group[109] Home & Away hoosier.aaa.com
Auto Club Group[Note 5] Aurora, Illinois Illinois: Adams, Boone, Brown, Bureau, Carroll, Cass, Champaign, Christian, Clark, Clay, Coles, Cook, Crawford, Cumberland, De Witt, DeKalb, Douglas, DuPage, Edgar, Effingham, Fayette, Ford, Fulton, Grundy, Hancock, Henderson, Henry, Iroquois, Jasper, Jo Daviess, Kane, Kankakee, Kendall, Knox, La Salle, Lake, Lawrence, Lee, Livingston, Logan, Macon, Macoupin, Marshall, Mason, McDonough, McHenry, McLean, Menard, Mercer, Montgomery, Morgan, Moultrie, Ogle, Peoria, Piatt, Pike, Putnam, Richland, Rock Island, Sangamon, Schuyler, Scott, Shelby, Stark, Stephenson, Tazewell, Vermillion, Warren, Whiteside, Will, Winnebago, and Woodford counties
Indiana: Adams, Allen, Blackford, Cass, DeKalb, Elkhart, Fulton, Grant, Huntington, Jay, Kosciusko, LaPorte, Lagrange, Lake, Marshall, Miami, Noble, Porter, Randolph, St. Joseph, Steuben, Wabash, Wells, and Whitley counties 		The Auto Club Group AAA Living chicago.aaa.com
Auto Club Group[Note 5] Madison, Wisconsin Wisconsin The Auto Club Group AAA Living wisconsin.aaa.com
Auto Club Group [Note 5] Burnsville, Minnesota Iowa
Minnesota: Aitkin, Anoka, Becker, Beltrami, Benton, Big Stone, Blue Earth, Brown, Carlton, Carver, Cass, Chippewa, Chisago, Clay, Clearwater, Cook, Cottonwood, Crow Wing, Dakota, Dodge, Douglas, Faribault, Fillmore, Freeborn, Goodhue, Grant, Houston, Hubbard, Isanti, Itasca, Jackson, Kanabec, Kandiyohi, Kittson, Koochiching, Lac qui Parle, Lake, Lake of the Woods, Le Sueur, Lincoln, Lyon, Mahnomen, Marshall, Martin, McLeod, Meeker, Mille Lacs, Morrison, Mower, Murray, Nicollet, Nobles, Norman, Olmsted, Otter Tail, Pennington, Pine, Pipestone, Polk, Pope, Ramsey, Red Lake, Redwood, Renville, Rice, Rock, Roseau, Scott, Sherburne, Sibley, St. Louis, Stearns, Steele, Stevens, Swift, Todd, Traverse, Wabasha, Wadena, Waseca, Washington, Watonwan, Wilkin, Winona, Wright, and Yellow Medicine counties 		The Auto Club Group AAA Living mn-ia.aaa.com
Auto Club Group Minneapolis, Minnesota 1902 Minnesota: Hennepin County, Columbia Heights, Hilltop, Fridley, and Spring Lake Park Live Play AAA (enter zip code 55416) minneapolis.aaa.com
Auto Club Group [Note 5] Omaha, Nebraska Nebraska The Auto Club Group AAA Living nebraska.aaa.com
AAA Missouri[Note 1] St. Louis, Missouri Missouri, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi
Kansas: Atchison, Brown, Doniphan, Johnson, and Wyandotte counties
Illinois: Alexander, Bond, Calhoun, Clinton, Edwards, Franklin, Gallatin, Greene, Hamilton, Hardin, Jackson, Jefferson, Jersey, Johnson, Madison, Marion, Massac, Monroe, Perry, Pope, Pulaski, Randolph, St. Clair, Saline, Union, Wabash, Washington, Wayne, White, and Williamson counties
Indiana: Crawford, Daviess, Dubois, Gibson, Knox, Martin, Perry, Pike, Posey, Spencer, Vanderburgh, and Warrick counties
Texarkana, Texas[127] 		Auto Club Enterprises Insurance Group Midwest Traveler/Southern Traveler autoclubmo.aaa.com
Auto Club Group [Note 5] Fargo, North Dakota North Dakota The Auto Club Group AAA Living nebraska.aaa.com
AAA Texas [Note 1] Coppell, Texas Texas: Includes Austin, Round Rock, San Antonio, Allen, Frisco, Plano, Dallas, Garland, Lewisville, Denton, Flower Mound, Irving, Fort Worth, Arlington, Amarillo, El Paso, Lubbock, Midland, and many more. Excludes Texarkana Auto Club Enterprises Insurance Group Texas Journey AAA Texas
AAA Northern California, Nevada & Utah [Note 7] Walnut Creek, California California: Alameda, Alpine, Amador, Butte, Calaveras, Colusa, Contra Costa, Del Norte, El Dorado, Fresno, Glenn, Humboldt, Kings, Lake, Lassen, Madera, Marin, Mariposa, Mendocino, Merced, Modoc, Monterey, Napa, Nevada, Placer, Plumas, Sacramento, San Benito, San Francisco, San Joaquin, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, Shasta, Sierra, Siskiyou, Solano, Sonoma, Stanislaus, Sutter, Tehama, Trinity, Tuolumne, Yolo, and Yuba counties

Nevada and Utah[128]

CSAA Insurance Group[109] Via mwg.aaa.com
Automobile Club of Southern California [Note 1] Costa Mesa, California 1900 California: Inyo, Imperial, Kern, Los Angeles, Mono, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, Tulare, and Ventura counties[129] Auto Club Enterprises Insurance Group Westways calif.aaa.com
AAA Arizona [Note 7] Walnut Creek, California 1927 Arizona[131] CSAA Insurance Group[109] Via mwg.aaa.com
AAA New Mexico [Note 1] Albuquerque, New Mexico New Mexico[132] Auto Club Enterprises Insurance Group New Mexico Journey newmexico.aaa.com
AAA Colorado Denver, Colorado Colorado[133] CSAA Insurance Group[109] EnCompass colorado.aaa.com/
AAA MountainWest [Note 7] Walnut Creek, California Alaska, Montana, Wyoming[134] CSAA Insurance Group[109] Via mwg.aaa.com
AAA Oregon/Idaho Portland, Oregon Oregon and southern Idaho[135] CSAA Insurance Group[109] VIA oregon.aaa.com
AAA Washington Bellevue, Washington 1904 Washington and northern Idaho[136] Journey wa.aaa.com
AAA Hawaii [Note 1] Honolulu, Hawaii Hawaii[137] Auto Club Enterprises Insurance Group AAA Hawai'i hawaii.aaa.com

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k AAA Texas, AAA New Mexico, AAA Hawaii, and AAA Alabama are part of the Auto Club of Southern California Enterprise (ACE). ACE has affiliation agreements with AAA Northern New England, AAA Missouri, AAA East Central, and AAA Tidewater
  2. ^ a b The Automobile Club of Rhode Island merged with the Bancroft Automobile Club (based in Worcester, Mass.) in 1987 to form the AAA South Central New England. AAA Massachusetts (formerly the Boston Automobile Club) joined in 1996, and AAA Berkshire County in July 2004 to form the present AAA Southern New England.[99] AAA Merrimack Valley merged with AAA Southern New England in 2011,[100] and began issuing membership cards with the Southern New England club code in February 2012.[101] AAA Southern New England acquired AAA New York and the AAA New Jersey Auto Club (AAA North Jersey) to form AAA Northeast in 2014.[102][103]
  3. ^ AAA Northeast and AAA Carolinas are part of AAA Motor Club Holdings[104]
  4. ^ AAA Mid-Atlantic acquired AAA Allied Group in 2015 to form AAA Club Alliance, which also includes AAA Oklahoma/South Dakota[107][108]
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h The Auto Club Group, based in Dearborn, Michigan, operates AAA Michigan, AAA Minnesota/Iowa, AAA Nebraska, AAA North Dakota, AAA Wisconsin, Auto Club South (AAA Florida, AAA Georgia, and AAA Tennessee), and the Chicago Motor Club. AAA East Tennessee merged with Auto Club South's West and Middle Tennessee operations on May 1, 2012 to form AAA Tennessee.[122]
  6. ^ The Cleveland Automobile Club (founded in 1900) merged with the Alliance Automobile Club, the Tuscarawas County Automobile Club, and others to form the Ohio Motorist Association in 1978. The Ohio Motorist Association (based in Cleveland) merged into AAA East Central on January 1, 2005.[123]
  7. ^ a b c AAA Arizona and AAA MountainWest merged operations with AAA Northern California, Nevada & Utah.[130]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Driven to Success: AAA Membership is 60 Million Strong". AAA NewsRoom. September 26, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020.
  2. ^ "AAA Fact Sheet" (Press release). AAA. Archived from the original on July 6, 2017. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
  3. ^ Stratton, Jim (1997). "AAA Junks Its Formal Name, Soups Up Logo". Orlando Sentinel. Archived from the original on October 2, 2012. Retrieved September 3, 2010.
  4. ^ a b "Automobile Men Organize". Minneapolis Daily Times. March 5, 1902. p. 6.
  5. ^ "AAA to Celebrate 100 Years With Special Offerings to Members". TheAutoChannel.com. Archived from the original on August 13, 2012. Retrieved September 10, 2010.
  6. ^ "American Automobile Association". Encyclopedia.com. Archived from the original on October 17, 2010. Retrieved September 10, 2010.
  7. ^ Virginia L. Bartos (March 2012). "National Register of Historic Places Registration: Automobile Club of Buffalo". New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation. Retrieved June 25, 2022.
  8. ^ "A Boom for Good Roads". Boston Evening Transcript. April 12, 1902.
  9. ^ "What I Sniped a Few Days Back!". January 9, 2010. Archived from the original on October 18, 2015. Retrieved January 16, 2013.
  10. ^ a b Norton, Peter (2008). Fighting Traffic: The Dawn of the Motor Age in the American City. MIT Press. ISBN 9780262141000.
  11. ^ "AAA Begins to Organize Traffic Safety Foundation". The Evening Star. November 6, 1947. p. B1. Retrieved March 28, 2022 – via Chronicling America.
  12. ^ "Through the Years". ChampCarStats.com. Archived from the original on September 3, 2011. Retrieved October 7, 2010.
  13. ^ "Roush Racing 2006 news for car No. 6". motorsport.com. October 28, 2005. Archived from the original on May 28, 2020. Retrieved December 18, 2021.
  14. ^ "Sportsmanlike driving, a program for high schools". AAA. Archived from the original on October 23, 2012. Retrieved September 13, 2010.
  15. ^ "The Driving School Association of the Americas". 1986. Archived from the original on September 27, 2010. Retrieved September 13, 2010.
  16. ^ "Driver ed Classroom Curriculum | ADTSEA".
  17. ^ "Five Communities Cited For Pedestrian Safety". The Morning Call. Archived from the original on March 22, 2012. Retrieved September 13, 2010.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  18. ^ "Council of National Defense". Answers.com. Archived from the original on August 31, 2010. Retrieved September 13, 2010.
  19. ^ "Motorists do their 'bit'". Motor West. 1917. Retrieved September 13, 2010.
  20. ^ "AAA Tour Cars". Wisconsin Historical Society. November 24, 2006. Archived from the original on June 10, 2011. Retrieved September 13, 2010.
  21. ^ War Emergency Edition: Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways (PDF) (Report). American Association of State Highway Officials. November 1942. Archived from the original on July 16, 2010. Retrieved September 13, 2010.{{cite report}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  22. ^ Weingroff, Richard F. President Dwight D. Eisenhower and the Federal Role in Highway Safety (PDF) (Report). Federal Highway Administration. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 25, 2011. Retrieved September 13, 2010.
  23. ^ Federal motor vehicle safety standards and regulations, with amendments and interpretations (Report). Archived from the original on November 9, 2012. Retrieved September 17, 2010.
  24. ^ Mieczkowski, Yanek (2005). Gerald Ford and the challenges of the 1970s. University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 978-0-8131-2349-3. Retrieved September 17, 2010.
  25. ^ Hagstrom, Suzy (February 19, 1990). "Aaa Leader A Strong, Silent Type". Orlando Sentinel. Archived from the original on June 14, 2012. Retrieved September 17, 2010.
  26. ^ Lenaghan, Anne. "American Automobile Association selects Informix as database of choice; INFORMIX-OnLine Dynamic Server to run universal AAAccess system". Archived from the original on October 21, 2012. Retrieved September 17, 2010.
  27. ^ Motor Vehicle Theft Law Enforcement Act of 1983: Ninety-eighth Congress, first session, on S. 1400, S. HRG. ;98-301, U.S. G.P.O., 1983, pp. 84–88, retrieved April 6, 2020, Without Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN's) on components of automobiles, organized crime will enjoy even higher profits because there is no foolproof way to trace [stolen parts] to their origin [enabling criminals] to ply their trade with little or no fear of prosecution.
  28. ^ "Auto Clubs Honored At White House Fyi". The Morning Call. June 23, 1985. Archived from the original on March 22, 2012. Retrieved September 17, 2010.
  29. ^ "TravTek Project Receives ITE Transportation Achievement Award" (Press release). August 10, 1992. Archived from the original on October 21, 2012. Retrieved September 17, 2010.
  30. ^ Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference, 1991 (Report). October 20, 1991. doi:10.1109/VNIS.1991.205821.
  31. ^ "AAA to Celebrate 100 Years With Public Service Campaign, Special Offerings to Members" (Press release). Business Wire. January 14, 2002. Archived from the original on October 21, 2012. Retrieved September 17, 2010.
  32. ^ "AAA President/CEO Issues Four Point Plan To Improve the Air Travel System". TheAutoChannel.com. Archived from the original on August 13, 2012. Retrieved September 17, 2010.
  33. ^ "AAA to Democrats: Preserve America's Highways and Airways" (Press release). PRNewswire. July 10, 1996. Archived from the original on October 18, 2015. Retrieved September 17, 2010.
  34. ^ "AAA Statement: Feds Need to Boost Highway Safety Effort". TheAutoChannel.com. January 31, 1997. Archived from the original on August 13, 2012. Retrieved September 17, 2010.
  35. ^ Kolstad, James L. "ISTEA to The Rescue". Ohio LTAP Center. Archived from the original on August 3, 2010. Retrieved September 17, 2010.
  36. ^ "U.S. Transportation Secretary Slater Charges Safety Conference to Help Meet Seat Belt Goal; Salutes Recipients of Highway Safety Awards". TheAutoChannel.com. Archived from the original on August 13, 2012. Retrieved September 17, 2010.
  37. ^ "AAA Commends Pena's Efforts to Return All Federal Gas Taxes to Highway Trust Fund" (Press release). AAA. March 13, 1993. Archived from the original on October 18, 2015. Retrieved September 22, 2010.
  38. ^ "AAA: No Federal Gas-tax Hike". The Morning Call. February 19, 1989. Archived from the original on March 22, 2012. Retrieved September 22, 2010.
  39. ^ "AAA Urges Congress to Invest Added $5 Billion Annually in Nation's Roads, Bridges". TheAutoChannel.com. September 9, 1997. Archived from the original on August 13, 2012. Retrieved September 22, 2010.
  40. ^ "AAA President/CEO Issues Four Point Plan To Improve the Air Travel System". TheAutoChannel.com. Archived from the original on August 13, 2012. Retrieved September 22, 2010.
  41. ^ "AAA To Focus Safety Efforts On Ways to Prevent Crashes Between Cars and Large Trucks" (Press release). AAA. July 23, 2003. Retrieved September 22, 2010.
  42. ^ Building the Road Safety Profession in the Public Sector: Special Report 289 (PDF) (Report). Transportation Research Board. 2007. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 5, 2010. Retrieved September 22, 2010. T. Bella Dinh-Zarr ... joined AAA in March 2002 ... and was a Presidential Appointee to the 2005 White House Conference on Aging AdvisoryCommittee.
  43. ^ Koch, Kathleen (June 23, 2003). "Study: Bad roadways big factor in traffic deaths". CNN. Archived from the original on November 8, 2012. Retrieved September 22, 2010.
  44. ^ Rhodes, Linda (February 22, 2007). "A Program for Older Drivers". Revolution Health. Archived from the original on July 23, 2011. Retrieved September 22, 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  45. ^ Seiler, Cotten (2009). Republic of Drivers: A Cultural History of Automobility in America. University of Chicago Press. pp. 108–109. ISBN 978-0226745640. ...the earliest days of automobility, overlapping and mutually sustaining racist laws, social codes, governmental regulation, and commercial practices have attenuated the mobility of the black driver: segregated roadside mechanical and medical aid, food, and shelter; the discriminatory membership policies of motoring organizations such as the American Automobile Association (AAA).
  46. ^ Onion, Rebecca. "A Midcentury Travel Guide for African-American Drivers Navigating Jim Crow". Slate. Archived from the original on February 11, 2013. Retrieved February 11, 2013. ...the Green Book flourished during a time when cars were getting cheaper, and travel by automobile was becoming more common. For black drivers, however, freedom of the road had its limits. These travelers had to navigate segregated accommodations, couldn't join AAA, and received disproportionate levels of attention from the police and local racists.
  47. ^ Hardin, Drew. "Top 10 Other Benefits of Your AAA Membership". Edmunds. Archived from the original on August 3, 2009. Retrieved September 3, 2010. For 11 years now, AAA's been offering mobile battery service. That's not just about giving your battery juice via jumper cables as part of the roadside-assistance package. AAA will test, diagnose or even replace the battery on the spot to help prevent you from ending up on the roadside in the future.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  48. ^ "AAA Announces 2020 "Four and Five" Diamond Awards" (Press release).
  49. ^ "AAA.com/discounts". AAA. Archived from the original on July 20, 2008. Retrieved September 3, 2010.
  50. ^ "The Most Successful Trip Planning App Still Comes in a Paper Version". Skift. May 22, 2015. Archived from the original on September 26, 2018. Retrieved September 19, 2018.
  51. ^ Meenan, Kyle (2005). "Billboard Wars Over Lawtey As A 'Speed Trap'". First Coast News. Archived from the original on July 30, 2012. Retrieved March 4, 2018.
  52. ^ Fisher, Marc (August 26, 2007). "Rage Over Driver Fees Has Va. Legislators Asking, 'Huh?'". The Washington Post. p. C01. Archived from the original on July 25, 2008. Retrieved September 16, 2008.
  53. ^ Grimes, Paul (December 26, 1982). "Practical Traveler: The 55-M.P.H. Speed Limit". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 10, 2016. Retrieved February 5, 2017.
  54. ^ "Motorists File Class-Action Lawsuit Against NYC Over Red-Light Cameras". December 4, 2012. Archived from the original on February 12, 2019. Retrieved February 10, 2019.
  55. ^ "Speed camera legislation dies". ww2.gazette.net. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved July 9, 2014.
  56. ^ "SB277 - speed camera bill - MIller 2-23-09(3).pdf". Google Docs.
  57. ^ "State House committee hears speed-cameras scrutiny". WBAL-TV. March 6, 2013. Archived from the original on June 24, 2013. Retrieved July 3, 2017.
  58. ^ "AA Outlines 2013 Legislative Agenda". January 10, 2013. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved July 3, 2017.
  59. ^ "Gas Taxes Are Still Here". Archived from the original on April 25, 2013. Retrieved April 20, 2013.
  60. ^ "AAA Mid-Atlantic supports increase in gas tax". November 21, 2012. Archived from the original on January 8, 2019. Retrieved February 10, 2019.
  61. ^ "AAA Opposes Illinois Bill to Increase Speed Limits to 70 MPH" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 3, 2016. Retrieved September 9, 2013.
  62. ^ "AAA Recommendations to the Governor's Task Force on Modernizing Transportation Funding" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on May 11, 2012. Retrieved July 5, 2014.
  63. ^ O'Grady, Jim (November 30, 2012). "Tolls Rise On NY-NJ Port Authority Crossings Despite AAA Lawsuit". Transportation Nation. Archived from the original on December 7, 2012. Retrieved March 26, 2022.
  64. ^ "This Earth Day, AAA, The EPA and The Nature Conservancy Sponsored The Great Battery RoundUp". The Nature Conservancy. September 10, 2005. Archived from the original on June 3, 2006. Retrieved March 3, 2018.
  65. ^ "New EPA Fuel Economy Ratings". GasSavers.org. November 17, 2006. Archived from the original on July 26, 2011. Retrieved September 29, 2010.
  66. ^ "AAA: Steer Clear of "Fuel-Saving" Additives". Green Car Congress. May 26, 2006. Archived from the original on October 21, 2010. Retrieved September 29, 2010.
  67. ^ "AAA 2010 Gas Watcher's Guide". March 12, 2010. Archived from the original on March 4, 2018. Retrieved March 4, 2018.
  68. ^ Caruso, Lisa (February 1, 2010). "Is Obama Spending The High-Speed Rail Money Wisely?". National Journal – Expert Blogs: Transportation. Archived from the original on August 18, 2010. Retrieved September 29, 2010.
  69. ^ "Free car care month event in Baltimore area features 40-point vehicle check, free windshield chip repair, Oct. 13". Greater Baltimore Committee. October 12, 2009. Archived from the original on November 24, 2010. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
  70. ^ "AAA Chicago Urges Motorists to Prepare Cars for Winter; Offers Free Car Inspections at AAA Approved Auto Repair Facilities as Incentive". PR Newswire. September 29, 2004. Archived from the original on March 3, 2018. Retrieved March 3, 2018.
  71. ^ Carlic, Steve (January 26, 2009). "Ecotourism focuses on appreciating nature". The Post-Standard. Archived from the original on April 1, 2012. Retrieved October 6, 2010.
  72. ^ "Greener Driving". Orlando Sentinel. June 29, 1992. Archived from the original on August 29, 2012. Retrieved October 6, 2010.
  73. ^ "Green Travel on Vacation – with Style". Travel Sense. Archived from the original on October 5, 2010. Retrieved October 6, 2010.
  74. ^ "new website".
  75. ^ "AAA says that its emergency electric vehicle charging trucks served "thousands" of EVs without power". Electrek. September 6, 2016. Archived from the original on September 10, 2016. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  76. ^ Teaford, Jon C. (2002). The rise of the states: evolution of American state government. The Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 116. ISBN 978-0-8018-6889-4. Retrieved October 6, 2010. CSAA AND save the redwoods.
  77. ^ "Focus on Quicksilver Champions" (PDF) (Press release). Washington State Department of Ecology. April 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 9, 2009. Retrieved March 3, 2018.
  78. ^ "Ecology and partners divert 12,000 pounds of mercury from environment; Don't toss that fluorescent bulb! Take it back!" (Press release). Washington State Department of Ecology. April 22, 2008. Archived from the original on May 9, 2009. Retrieved March 3, 2018.
  79. ^ Beatty, Eckhart (November 9, 2006). "The TH Interview: Jenny Mack, Spokesperson for the California State Automobile Association". treehugger. Archived from the original on August 29, 2008. Retrieved October 6, 2010.
  80. ^ "2025 Regional Transportation Plan for Southeast Michigan: "Putting Traffic Safety into the Planning Mix"" (Press release). Federal Highway Administration and Federal Transit Administration. 2004. Archived from the original on October 20, 2011. Retrieved October 6, 2010.
  81. ^ Mlot, Stephanie (April 21, 2010). "Traveling Through: Tree Planting – AAA recycles four million auto batteries, 90 million pounds of lead". The Frederick News-Post Online. Archived from the original on October 7, 2010. Retrieved October 6, 2010.
  82. ^ "Weather Good for Oregon Coast Cleanup, but High Sand Covers Trash". Oregon Coast Beach Connection. September 15, 2007. Archived from the original on October 30, 2007. Retrieved October 6, 2010.
  83. ^ Linton, April (March 29, 1999). "Southcentral Regional Ozone Stakeholders to Meet For First Time" (Press release). Dept. of Environmental Protection Pennsylvania.
  84. ^ Tweets and E-Alerts for the Commute (PDF) (Report). CommuteSmart News. March 2010. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 5, 2010. Retrieved October 6, 2010.
  85. ^ "Proposition 87: More dependence on foreign oil and higher prices at the gas pump". August 9, 2006. Archived from the original on February 4, 2015. Retrieved February 3, 2015.
  86. ^ a b Rivlin, Michael A. (Winter 2001). "The Secret Life of AAA". The Amicus Journal. Archived from the original on July 25, 2016. Retrieved July 25, 2016 – via Transportation Alternatives.
  87. ^ Nijhuis, Michelle (February 11, 2003). "Road Warriors: A travel club provides a greener alternative to AAA". Grist Magazine. Archived from the original on July 24, 2008. Retrieved September 16, 2008.
  88. ^ Silverstein, Ken (May 2002). "Smitten with a Club – Your AAA dues fuel pollution and sprawl". Harper's Magazine. Archived from the original on July 17, 2012. Retrieved June 25, 2022 – via Better World Club.{{cite magazine}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  89. ^ Friedman, Gordon R. (June 20, 2017) Oregon highway funding bill thrown into peril as deadline looms The Oregonian Archived May 16, 2018, at the Wayback Machine
  90. ^ "AAA Calls for the EPA to Reject Petition to Increase Ethanol Content in Gasoline to 15 Percent". TheAutoChannel.com. July 22, 2009. Archived from the original on December 20, 2010. Retrieved October 8, 2010.
  91. ^ Gough, Michael (May 10, 1999). "Clearing the Air on EPA's New Emissions Proposal". Competitive Enterprise Institute. Archived from the original on October 3, 2011. Retrieved October 8, 2010.
  92. ^ Wald, Matthew L. (November 9, 1994). "Gasoline Prices to Rise in Many Areas". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 25, 2015. Retrieved October 8, 2010.
  93. ^ Peters, Eric (December 16, 199). "A Catalytic Con Job". Investor's Business Daily. Retrieved November 20, 2022 – via JunkScience.com.
  94. ^ Koontz, Michael (July–August 1998). Clean Air and Transportation: The Facts may Surprise You (Report). Federal Highway Administration. Archived from the original on October 21, 2011. Retrieved October 8, 2010.
  95. ^ "Hybrid gas savings no deal says report". CBC News. July 22, 2010. Archived from the original on July 24, 2010. Retrieved October 8, 2010.
  96. ^ "AAA showcases CalCars at SF Intl Auto Show Nov. 19-26" (Press release). CalCars. November 4, 2005. Archived from the original on July 4, 2008. Retrieved September 16, 2008.
  97. ^ "AAA Local Media Contacts". AAA NewsRoom. Archived from the original on July 4, 2018. Retrieved February 10, 2019.
  98. ^ "(disable javascript)". Archived from the original on March 20, 2017. Retrieved March 19, 2017.
  99. ^ A Brief History of AAA Southern New England Archived August 26, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on August 4, 2009.
  100. ^ "Merge Details". Secretary of the Commonwealth, Corporations Division. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Archived from the original on June 22, 2013. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
  101. ^ "AMEX Prepaid Card". AAA Valley News. AAA Merrimack Valley. Archived from the original on April 23, 2012. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
  102. ^ "AAA Contracts with Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island". Archived from the original on May 17, 2018. Retrieved May 16, 2018.
  103. ^ Jersey, AAA North (January 23, 2018). "AAA North Jersey is now officially part of AAA Northeast. Please follow @AAANe_NJnews for relevant information regarding traffic, safety, membership, travel and more in the Garden State! #AAANortheast @cathleenlewis1".
  104. ^ "AAA Motor Club Holdings Selects Ross Group Inc's Membership/Customer Relationship Management Software Support". Archived from the original on May 17, 2018. Retrieved May 16, 2018.
  105. ^ [1] (disable javascript)
  106. ^ "AAA New York". December 29, 2016. Archived from the original on December 29, 2016. Retrieved March 7, 2024.
  107. ^ "AAA Allied Group, Inc.: Private Company Information - Bloomberg". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on May 17, 2018. Retrieved May 16, 2018.
  108. ^ "Welcome to the AAA Club Alliance Talent Network". Archived from the original on May 17, 2018. Retrieved May 16, 2018.
  109. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q "Clubs and Counties". csaa-insurance.aaa.com. Archived from the original on March 19, 2017. Retrieved March 19, 2017.
  110. ^ "Capital Region Offices". AAA Hudson Valley. Retrieved May 7, 2024.
  111. ^ "Silver Parrot | AAA Northway". May 24, 2016. Archived from the original on May 24, 2016. Retrieved May 7, 2024.
  112. ^ https://westerncentralny.aaa.com/contact Archived March 20, 2017, at the Wayback Machine (disable javascript)
  113. ^ "AAA South Jersey". AAA South Jersey. Retrieved May 7, 2024.
  114. ^ http://www.eastcentral.aaa.com/home.html Archived March 15, 2017, at the Wayback Machine (disable javascript)
  115. ^ "People in business - News, Sports, Jobs - Williamsport Sun-Gazette". Archived from the original on March 19, 2017. Retrieved March 19, 2017.
  116. ^ "(disable javascript)". Archived from the original on March 19, 2017. Retrieved March 19, 2017.
  117. ^ a b "AAA Mid States". AAA Mid States. Retrieved May 7, 2024.
  118. ^ "Schuylkill County Member Handbook" (PDF). AAA Northampton County. October 2018. Retrieved January 11, 2022.
  119. ^ https://www.tidewater.aaa.com/home/automotive/driving-resources/roadside-assistance.html Archived March 19, 2017, at the Wayback Machine (disable javascript)
  120. ^ "business registration search for Carolina Auto Club". North Carolina Secretary of State. Archived from the original on July 10, 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2018.
  121. ^ "AAA Roadside Assistance, Insurance, Travel & more | AAA". www.acg.aaa.com. Retrieved May 7, 2024.
  122. ^ "Tennessee AAA auto clubs merging operations". Knoxville New Sentinel. March 9, 2012. Archived from the original on March 11, 2012.
  123. ^ Pittsburgh, Cleveland AAA to merge Archived October 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. Pittsburgh Business Times, December 10, 2004. Retrieved on August 4, 2009
  124. ^ "(disable javascript)". Archived from the original on March 19, 2017. Retrieved March 19, 2017.
  125. ^ "Ohio auto club discounts". Archived from the original on March 20, 2017. Retrieved March 19, 2017.
  126. ^ "AAA Hoosier Territory". AAA Hoosier Motor Club. March 14, 2017. Retrieved May 7, 2024.
  127. ^ "(disable javascript)". Archived from the original on March 19, 2017. Retrieved March 19, 2017.
  128. ^ "Our History" (PDF). AAA Northern California, Nevada & Utah. March 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 19, 2017. Retrieved December 30, 2017.
  129. ^ "AAA - Login". apps.calif.aaa.com. Retrieved May 7, 2024.
  130. ^ "Our History". AAA Northern California, Nevada & Utah. Retrieved August 29, 2022.
  131. ^ "AAA Northern CA, AK, AZ, MT, NV, UT & WY | American Automobile Assn". AAA. Retrieved May 7, 2024.
  132. ^ "(disable javascript)". Archived from the original on March 20, 2017. Retrieved March 19, 2017.
  133. ^ "(disable javascript)". Archived from the original on March 19, 2017. Retrieved March 19, 2017.
  134. ^ https://www.mountainwest.aaa.com/membership/compare-membership-levels Archived March 20, 2017, at the Wayback Machine (disable javascript)
  135. ^ "(disable javascript)". Archived from the original on May 19, 2017. Retrieved March 19, 2017.
  136. ^ https://wa.aaa.com/ Archived March 19, 2017, at the Wayback Machine (disable javascript)
  137. ^ "AAA Hawaii". Archived from the original on February 1, 2013. Retrieved February 18, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to American Automobile Association.
Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 | Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Automobile_Association
5 views |
↧ Download as ZWI file
Encyclosphere.org EncycloReader is supported by the EncyclosphereKSF