American Professional Soccer League

American Professional Soccer League
	APSL logo (1993)
Sport	Soccer
Founded	1990
Ceased	1996
No. of teams	22 in 1990
Country	United States; Canada
Last; champion(s)	Seattle Sounders
TV partner(s)	Prime Network

The American Professional Soccer League (APSL) was a professional men's soccer league with teams from the United States and later Canada. It was formed in 1990 by the merger of the third American Soccer League with the Western Soccer League.^[2] It was the first outdoor soccer league to feature teams from throughout the United States since the demise of the North American Soccer League in 1984.^[2]

The league was sanctioned as Division II in the United States soccer league system but was the country's de facto top professional soccer league until 1995. In 1993, the APSL applied for the vacant Division I role but lost out to Major League Soccer who would begin play in 1996.^[3]

For its final two seasons in 1995 and 1996, the APSL changed its name to the A-League. It was subsequently absorbed by the emerging USISL organization with six of seven clubs joining the new USISL A-League in 1997. The USISL (later USL) retained the A-League name until 2004 when it became the USL First Division.

History

In 1989, a match was held between the winners of the American Soccer League and the winners of the Western Soccer League to declare a national soccer champion.^[4] On February 22, 1990, the two leagues merged as the American Professional Soccer League. To reduce travel expenses, the inaugural season would be played under two separate leagues akin to Major League Baseball: the ASL became the American Soccer Conference and featured teams from the East Coast, while the WSL became the Western Soccer Conference and featured teams from the West Coast.^[5] Teams only played other teams from within the same conference and it was not until the title decider, between Maryland Bays and San Francisco Bay Blackhawks that teams from the two different conferences actually met in a competitive game.^[2]^[6]

Throughout its existence, the league would struggle financially and its roster of teams quickly dropped from 22 in 1990 to just 5 in 1992. However, in 1993 the league expanded when following the demise of the Canadian Soccer League, three former CSL clubs – Vancouver 86ers, Montreal Impact and Toronto Blizzard – joined the APSL.^[3]^[7]

As part of the conditions for been awarded the 1994 FIFA World Cup, the United States Soccer Federation had agreed to launch a new Division I professional league. In December 1993, together with League One America and Major League Soccer, the APSL was one of three proposals that was put before the USSF national board of directors. At the time the APSL was the only candidate who were currently operating a soccer league. It featured several established clubs and its roster of players included several members of the United States men's national soccer team. Despite this they lost out to MLS.^[3]^[7]

Despite rebranding itself as the A-League in 1995, it faced increasing competition on two fronts. The USISL had initially confined itself to organizing regional leagues but by 1995, it began organizing on a national level. By 1996, MLS was also up and running and a number of top A-League players left to join it.^[8] In 1996 the A-League and the USISL Select League, both operating as USSF Division II leagues, agreed to merge. Six of the seven remaining A-League teams, the Montreal Impact, Colorado Foxes, Seattle Sounders, Rochester Raging Rhinos, Vancouver 86ers, and Atlanta Ruckus, and two planned A-League expansion teams, the Toronto Lynx and Hershey Wildcats, effectively joined the USISL Select League in 1997. The combined league was operated by USISL but retained the A-League name.^[9]

Complete team list

Albany Capitals (1990–91) (New York)
Arizona Condors (1990) (Arizona)
Atlanta Ruckus (1995–96) (Georgia)
Boston Bolts (1990) (Massachusetts)
California Emperors (1990) (California)
Colorado Foxes (1990–96) (Colorado)
Fort Lauderdale Strikers (1990–94) (Florida)
Los Angeles Heat (1990) (California)
Los Angeles Salsa (1993–94) (California)
Maryland Bays (1990–91) (Maryland)
Miami Freedom (1990–92) (Florida)
Montreal Impact (1993–96) (Quebec)
New Jersey Eagles (1990) (New Jersey)
New Mexico Chiles (1990) (New Mexico)
New York Centaurs (1995) (New York)
New York Fever (1996) (New York)

Orlando Lions (1990) (Florida)
Penn-Jersey Spirit (1990–91) (Pennsylvania)
Portland Timbers (1990) (Oregon)
Real Santa Barbara (1990) (California)
Rochester Raging Rhinos (1996) (New York)
Salt Lake Sting (1990–91) (Utah)
San Diego Nomads (1990) (California)
San Francisco Bay Blackhawks (1990–92) (California)
Seattle Sounders (1994–96) (Washington)
Seattle Storm (1990) (Washington)
Tampa Bay Rowdies (1990–93) (Florida)
Toronto Blizzard (1993) (Ontario)
Toronto Rockets (1994) (Ontario)
Vancouver 86ers (1993–96) (British Columbia)
Washington Diplomats (1990) (Washington, D.C.)
Washington Stars (1990) (Washington, D.C.)

Champions

By year

Year	Winner	Runner-up	Top scorer
1990	Maryland Bays	San Francisco Bay Blackhawks	Chance Fry
1991	San Francisco Bay Blackhawks	Albany Capitals	Jean Harbor
1992	Colorado Foxes	Tampa Bay Rowdies	Jean Harbor
1993	Colorado Foxes	Los Angeles Salsa	Paulinho Criciúma
1994	Montreal Impact	Colorado Foxes	Paul Wright
1995	Seattle Sounders	Atlanta Ruckus	Peter Hattrup
1996	Seattle Sounders	Rochester Raging Rhinos	Wolde Harris

By club

Club	Winner	Runner-up	Seasons won
Colorado Foxes	2	1	1992, 1993
Seattle Sounders	2	0	1995, 1996
Maryland Bays	1	0	1990
San Francisco Bay Blackhawks	1	1	1991
Montreal Impact	1	0	1994

League average attendance

Regular season/playoffs
1996: 4,946/4,781
1995: 3,347/5,280
1994: 3,478/6,082
1993: 2,271/2,903
1992: 2,104/1,502
1991: 1,827/3,106
1990: 1,082/2,039

References

^ "The Year in American Soccer – 1995". Archived from the original on August 5, 2009. Retrieved October 14, 2009.
^ ^a ^b ^c "The Year in American Soccer – 1990". Archived from the original on January 8, 2009. Retrieved October 14, 2009.
^ ^a ^b ^c "The Year in American Soccer – 1993". Archived from the original on March 3, 2009. Retrieved October 14, 2009.
^ "The Year in American Soccer – 1989". Archived from the original on March 3, 2009. Retrieved October 14, 2009.
^ Richardson, Kenneth (February 23, 1990). "Seattle part of new soccer merger". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. p. G4.
^ nytimes.com
^ ^a ^b Wangerin, David (2008). Soccer in a Football World: The Story of America's Forgotten Game (Paperback). Temple University Press. ISBN 978-1-59213-885-2. ().
^ "The Year in American Soccer – 1995". Archived from the original on August 5, 2009. Retrieved October 14, 2009.
^ "The Year in American Soccer – 1996". Archived from the original on August 5, 2009. Retrieved October 14, 2009.

[1] "The Year in American Soccer – 1995". Archived from the original on August 5, 2009. Retrieved October 14, 2009.

[The_Year_in_American_Soccer_–_1990-2] "The Year in American Soccer – 1990". Archived from the original on January 8, 2009. Retrieved October 14, 2009.

[The_Year_in_American_Soccer_–_1993-3] "The Year in American Soccer – 1993". Archived from the original on March 3, 2009. Retrieved October 14, 2009.

[4] "The Year in American Soccer – 1989". Archived from the original on March 3, 2009. Retrieved October 14, 2009.

[5] Richardson, Kenneth (February 23, 1990). "Seattle part of new soccer merger". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. p. G4.

[6] ytimes.com

[Wangerin-7] Wangerin, David (2008). Soccer in a Football World: The Story of America's Forgotten Game (Paperback). Temple University Press. ISBN 978-1-59213-885-2. ().

[8] "The Year in American Soccer – 1995". Archived from the original on August 5, 2009. Retrieved October 14, 2009.

[9] "The Year in American Soccer – 1996". Archived from the original on August 5, 2009. Retrieved October 14, 2009.

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v t e American Professional Soccer League
Seasons	1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
Teams	Albany Capitals Arizona Condors Atlanta Ruckus Boston Bolts California Emperors Colorado Foxes Fort Lauderdale Strikers Los Angeles Heat Los Angeles Salsa Maryland Bays Miami Freedom Montreal Impact New Jersey Eagles New Mexico Chiles New York Centaurs New York Fever Orlando Lions Penn-Jersey Spirit Portland Timbers Real Santa Barbara Rochester Raging Rhinos Salt Lake Sting San Diego Nomads San Francisco Bay Blackhawks Seattle Sounders Seattle Storm Tampa Bay Rowdies Toronto Blizzard Toronto Rockets Vancouver 86ers Washington Diplomats Washington Stars
International cups	Pepsi Cup (1990) Professional Cup (1992)

v t e Defunct soccer leagues in the United States
Outdoor	ALPF (1894–1895) NAFL (1895–1921) ASL (1921–1933) ESL (1928–1929) ASL (1933–1983) NASFL (1946–1947) USA (1967) NPSL (1967) NASL (1968–1984) USL (1984–1985) WSA (1985–1989) LSSA (1987–1992) ASL (1988–1989) APSL (1990–1996) USL-2 (1995–2010) A-L (1996–2004) USL-1 (2005–2010) NASL (2011–2017) APSL (2015–2018)
Indoor/arena	MISL (1978–1992) NPSL (1984–2001) CISL (1993–1997) EISL (1997–1998) WISL (1998–2001) MISL (2001–2008) AISL (2002–2008) XSL (2008–2009) MISL (2008–2014)
Women's	WUSA (2001–2003) WPS (2009–2011) USL W-League (1995–2015)