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Arıca, Gercüş

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Arıca
Village
Arıca is located in Turkey
Arıca
Arıca
Location in Turkey
Coordinates: 37°30′32″N 41°26′38″E / 37.509°N 41.444°E / 37.509; 41.444
CountryTurkey
ProvinceBatman
DistrictGercüş
Population
 (2021)
344
Time zoneUTC+3 (TRT)

Arıca (Kurdish: Kefri;[1][a] Syriac: Kafro Elayto)[1][b] is a village in the district of Gercüş, Batman Province in Turkey. It is populated by Assyrians and by Kurds of the Kercoz tribe.[6] In 2021, the population was 344.[7] It is located in the historic region of Tur Abdin.[8]

In the village, there are churches of Mor Aho and Mor Dimet, Mor Ya’qub, and of Mor Barsaumo.[9][10] The ruins of the Monastery of Mor Barsaumo are located nearby.[11]

Etymology

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The Syriac name of the village is derived from "kefr" ("village" in Syriac).[12]

History

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In 1454 (AG 1765), many men from Kafro Eloyto (today called Arıca) were suffocated to death by smoke by Turks of the clan of Hasan Beg, according to the account of the priest Addai of Basibrina in c. 1500 appended to the Chronography of Bar Hebraeus.[13] Iyawannis Qufar, son of Benjamin of Kafra, was ordained as the Syriac Orthodox metropolitan bishop of Gargar between 1492 and 1494.[14] Philoxenus Abd al-Ahad Massi, abbot and bishop of Mor Gabriel Monastery (r. 1913–1915), was from Kafro Eloyto.[15]

In 1914, 400 Assyrians inhabited Kafro Elayto, as per the list presented to the Paris Peace Conference by the Assyro-Chaldean delegation.[16] There were 80 Assyrian families and 30 Kurdish families in 1915.[17] The Assyrians adhered to the Syriac Orthodox Church.[18] Amidst the Sayfo, the village was surrounded by Kurds led by Yusuf Agha, son of Hasan Shamdin, the owner of Kfar-Gawze, and the Assyrians barricaded themselves in the Church of Mor Ya’qub.[19] As they were unprepared, the Assyrians left the church after five days upon receiving assurances from Yusuf Agha, who subsequently killed their leaders and destroyed the houses in the village.[19]

The village was inhabited by 507 people in 1960.[5] In 1966, there were 720 Turoyo-speaking Christians in 72 families and were served by one priest.[5] It was entirely populated by Assyrians in 1978.[20] By 1987, there were 25 Assyrian families.[21] There may have been Assyrians at Kafro Elayto in 1999, but there were no remaining Assyrians in the village by 2012/2013.[22]

Notable people

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References

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Notes

  1. ^ Also spelt as Kafri, Kefrê, or Kefré.[2]
  2. ^ Alternatively transliterated as Käfro ʿēläito, Kafro Eleito, Kafro Eloyto, or Kefro Elayto.[3] Also called Upper Kafra or Upper Kafro or simply Kafra, in contrast with Lower Kafro (Kafro Tahtayo).[4] Nisba: Käfrōyo.[5]

Citations

  1. ^ a b Biner (2019), p. x.
  2. ^ Tan (2018), p. 172; Jongerden & Verheij (2012), p. 321; Gaunt (2006), p. 231.
  3. ^ Sinclair (1989), p. 319; Tamcke (2012), p. 18; Keser Kayaalp (2021), p. 163; Ritter (1967), p. 11.
  4. ^ Barsoum (2008), pp. 18, 30; Gaunt (2006), pp. 231, 232; Palmer (1990), p. xx.
  5. ^ a b c Ritter (1967), p. 11.
  6. ^ Tan (2018), p. 172.
  7. ^ "Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2021" (XLS) (in Turkish). TÜİK. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
  8. ^ Barsoum (2008), p. 15.
  9. ^ Sinclair (1989), p. 319; Barsoum (2008), p. 18.
  10. ^ "Threatened or destroyed churches and monasteries in the Tur Abdin". Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch Archdiocese of the Western United States. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
  11. ^ Keser-Kayaalp (2022), p. 160.
  12. ^ Keser Kayaalp (2021), p. 163.
  13. ^ Barsoum (2008), pp. 70–71.
  14. ^ Barsoum (2008), p. 30.
  15. ^ Barsoum (2008), pp. 35–36; Birol (2017), p. 164.
  16. ^ Gaunt (2006), p. 427.
  17. ^ Courtois (2004), p. 226; Gaunt (2006), p. 231.
  18. ^ Jongerden & Verheij (2012), p. 321.
  19. ^ a b Gaunt (2006), pp. 231–232.
  20. ^ Sinclair (1989), p. 319.
  21. ^ Courtois (2004), p. 226.
  22. ^ Courtois (2013), p. 149; Tamcke (2012), p. 18.

Bibliography

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