Avizo (pronounce: ‘a-VEE-zo’) is a general-purpose commercial software application for scientific and industrial data visualization and analysis.
Avizo is developed by Thermo Fisher Scientific and was originally designed and developed by the Visualization and Data Analysis Group[1] at Zuse Institute Berlin (ZIB) under the name Amira. Avizo was commercially released in November 2007. For the history of its development, see the Wikipedia article about Amira.
Avizo is a software application which enables users to perform interactive visualization and computation on 3D data sets.
The Avizo interface is modelled on the visual programming. Users manipulate data and module components, organized in an interactive graph representation (called Pool), or in a Tree view. Data and modules can be interactively connected together, and controlled with several parameters, creating a visual processing network whose output is displayed in a 3D viewer.
With this interface, complex data can be interactively explored and analyzed by applying a controlled sequence of computation and display processes resulting in a meaningful visual representation and associated derived data.
Avizo has been designed to support different types of applications and workflows from 2D and 3D image data processing to simulations.
It is a versatile and customizable visualization tool used in many fields:
2D and 3D image stack and volume data: from microscopes (electron, optical),[52][53][54][55][56][57] X-ray tomography (CT, micro-/nano-CT, synchrotron),[58][59][60] neutron tomography[61] and other acquisition devices (MRI, radiography, GPR)
Geometric models (such as point sets, line sets, surfaces, grids)
^Morris, Robert A.; Wang, Billie; Butts, Daniel; Thompson, Gregory B. (2013). "Variations in Tantalum Carbide Microstructures with Changing Carbon Content". International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology. 10 (3): 540–551. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7402.2012.02761.x.
^Kruk, Adam; Dubiel, Beata; Czyrska-Filemonowicz, Aleksandra (2012). "3D Imaging and Metrology of Yttria Dispersoids in INCOLOY MA956 by Electron Tomography". Solid State Phenomena. 186: 37–40. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/SSP.186.37. S2CID135895686.
^Kulawik, Krzysztof; Kruk, Adam; Dubiel, Beata; Czyrska-Filemonowicz, Aleksandra (2012). "Three-Dimensional Visualization and Metrology of Nanoparticles in Inconel 718 by Electron Tomography". Solid State Phenomena. 186: 45–48. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/SSP.186.45. S2CID136467478.
^Osuch, Władysław; Kruk, Adam; Michta, Grzegorz; Czyrska-Filemonowicz, Aleksandra (2012). "3D Imaging of Strengthening Particles in Cr-V-Mo (13HMF) Steel Using FIB/SEM Tomography". Solid State Phenomena. 186: 41–44. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/SSP.186.41. S2CID137190944.
^Yanagimoto, T.; Yu, Y.-T.; Kaneko, K. (2012). "Microstructure and CO gas sensing property of Au/SnO2 core–shell structure nanoparticles synthesized by precipitation method and microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis method". Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical. 166–167: 31–35. doi:10.1016/j.snb.2011.11.047.
^Seard, Claire; Camoin, Gilbert; Yokoyama, Yusuke; Matsuzaki, Hiroyuki; Durand, Nicolas; Bard, Edouard; Sepulcre, Sophie; Deschamps, Pierre (2011). "Microbialite development patterns in the last deglacial reefs from Tahiti (French Polynesia; IODP Expedition #310): Implications on reef framework architecture". Marine Geology. 279 (1–4): 63–86. Bibcode:2011MGeol.279...63S. doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2010.10.013.
^Nazari, Amir; Sadr, Alireza; Saghiri, Mohammad Ali; Campillo-Funollet, Marc; Hamba, Hidenori; Shimada, Yasushi; Tagami, Junji; Sumi, Yasunori (2013). "Non-destructive characterization of voids in six flowable composites using swept-source optical coherence tomography". Dental Materials. 29 (3): 278–286. doi:10.1016/j.dental.2012.11.004. PMID23182792.
^Lozano-Perez, Sergio; Kruska, Karen; Iyengar, Ilya; Terachi, Takumi; Yamada, Takuyo (2012). "The role of cold work and applied stress on surface oxidation of 304 stainless steel". Corrosion Science. 56: 78–85. Bibcode:2012Corro..56...78L. doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2011.11.021.
^A VISUAL ANALYTICS APPROACH TO PRELIMINARY TRAJECTORY DESIGN, by Wayne R. Schlei, Kathleen C. Howell – Purdue University, School of Aeronautics and Astronautics (USA)[1]
^DATA ACQUISITION FOR A BRIDGE COLLAPSE TEST, by Kurt Veggeberg (National Instruments) – Bridge Model Validation visualization with Avizo "Archived copy"(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on 2011-07-20. Retrieved 2010-09-17.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^Wu, Xiaomin; Schlangen, Erik; Van Der Zwaag, Sybrand (2012). "Linking Porosity to Rolling Reduction and Fatigue Lifetime of Hot Rolled AA7xxx Alloys by 3D X-Ray Computed Tomography". Advanced Engineering Materials. 14 (7): 457–463. doi:10.1002/adem.201200087. S2CID137507957.
^Evaluation of Asphalt Field Cores with Simple Performance Tester and X-ray Computed Tomography, by Florentina Angela Farca – Division of Highway and Railway Engineering, Department of Transport Science School of Architecture and the Built Environment, Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm (Sweden)[2]
^Kishimoto, Masashi; Iwai, Hiroshi; Saito, Motohiro; Yoshida, Hideo (2012). "Three-Dimensional Simulation of SOFC Anode Polarization Characteristics Based on Sub-Grid Scale Modeling of Microstructure". Journal of the Electrochemical Society. 159 (3): B315–B323. doi:10.1149/2.086203jes. hdl:2433/154853. S2CID93265233.
^3D Quantitative Characterization of Nickel-Yttria-stabilized zirconia Solid Oxide Fuel Cell anode Microstructure in Discharge, by Z Jiao, N Shikazono…[3]
^Poromechanics Investigation at Pore-scale Using Digital Rock Physics Laboratory, by S Zhang, N Saxena, P Barthelemy, M Marsh… – 2011 "Archived copy"(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on 2012-04-26. Retrieved 2011-12-20.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^You, Taesun; Abu Al-Rub, Rashid K.; Darabi, Masoud K.; Masad, Eyad A.; Little, Dallas N. (2012). "Three-dimensional microstructural modeling of asphalt concrete using a unified viscoelastic–viscoplastic–viscodamage model". Construction and Building Materials. 28: 531–548. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.08.061.
^CHARACTERIZATION OF HETEROGENEITIES FROM CORE X-RAY SCANS AND BOREHOLE WALL IMAGES IN A REEFAL CARBONATE RESERVOIR: INFLUENCE ON THE POROSITY STRUCTURE, by V. Hebert, C. Garing, P.A. Pezard, P. Gouze, and Y. Maria-Sube (Geosciences Montpellier, CNRS, University of Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France), G. Camoin (CEREGE, CNRS, Aix-en-Provence, France), and P. Lapointe (TOTAL – CSTJF, Pau, France)[4]
^Kobchenko, Maya; Panahi, Hamed; Renard, François; Dysthe, Dag K.; Malthe-Sørenssen, Anders; Mazzini, Adriano; Scheibert, Julien; Jamtveit, Bjørn; Meakin, Paul (2011). "4D imaging of fracturing in organic-rich shales during heating". Journal of Geophysical Research. 116 (B12). arXiv:1101.2295. Bibcode:2011JGRB..11612201K. doi:10.1029/2011JB008565.
^Ivarsson, M.; Bengtson, S.; Belivanova, V.; Stampanoni, M.; Marone, F.; Tehler, A. (2012). "Fossilized fungi in subseafloor Eocene basalts". Geology. 40 (2): 163–166. Bibcode:2012Geo....40..163I. doi:10.1130/G32590.1.
^Shulakova, Valeriya; Pervukhina, Marina; Müller, Tobias M.; Lebedev, Maxim; Mayo, Sherry; Schmid, Susanne; Golodoniuc, Pavel; De Paula, Osni Bastos; Clennell, Michael B.; Gurevich, Boris (2013). "Computational elastic up-scaling of sandstone on the basis of X-ray micro-tomographic images". Geophysical Prospecting. 61 (2): 287–301. Bibcode:2013GeopP..61..287S. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2478.2012.01082.x. S2CID129619766.
^QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF 3D MELT DISTRIBUTION IN PARTIALLY MOLTEN OLIVINE6BASALT AGGREGATES USING X-RAY SYNCHROTRON MICROTOMOGRAPHY, by Zhu W., Gaetani G. A., Fusseis F. – American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2009, abstract #V33A-2029 [5]
^IMPROVED METHODOLOGY FOR THE CHARACTERIZATION OF COMPLEX VUGGY CARBONATE, by A. Bersani, B.B. Bam, F. Radaelli and E. Rossi (ENI E&P)"Archived copy"(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on 2011-07-28. Retrieved 2010-01-29.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^3-D imaging and quantification of graupel porosity by synchrotron-based micro-tomography, by F. Enzmann (1), M. M. Miedaner (1), M. Kersten (1), N. von Blohn (1), K. Diehl (1), S. Borrmann (1), M. Stampanoni (2), M. Ammann (2), and T. Huthwelker (2) – (1) Earth System Science Research Centre, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz (Germany), (2) Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen-PSI, Villigen (Switzerland)[6]
^X-Ray Microtomography for Studying 3D Textures of Speleothems Developed inside Historic Walls, by JAVIER MARTÍNEZ-MARTÍNEZ (1,2,*), NICOLETTA FUSI (3), VALENTINA BARBERINI (3), JUAN CARLOS CAÑAVERAS(1,2), GIOVANNI BATTISTA CROSTA (3) – (1) Laboratorio de Petrología Aplicada. Universidad de Alicante (Spain), (2) Dep. Ciencias de la Tierra y del Medio Ambiente. Universidad de Alicante (Spain), (3) Dip. Scienze Geologiche e Geotecnologie. Università degli Studi di Milano–Bicocca (Italia)[7]
^PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ALTERED VOLCANIC ROCKS FOR THE STABILITY OF VOLCANIC EDIFICES, by Dr. Antonio Pola Villaseñor – Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca (Facoltà di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche, Naturali Dipartimento di Scienze Geologiche e Geotecnologie)[8]
^DISCRETE 3D DIGITAL IMAGE CORRELATION (DIC) USING PARTICLE RECONNAISSANCE, by Rutger C.A. Smit, January 7, 2010 [9]Archived 2011-07-18 at the Wayback Machine
^MAPPING DOGGERLAND: The Mesolithic Landscapes of the Southern North Sea. Archaeopress. Oxford. Gaffney V., Thomson K. and Fitch S. (Eds.) 2007 [10]
^Perez, Jonathan H.; Tanaka, Fumihiko; Uchino, Toshitaka (2012). "Modeling of mass transfer and initiation of hygroscopically induced cracks in rice grains in a thermally controlled soaking condition: With dependency of diffusion coefficient to moisture content and temperature – A 3D finite element approach". Journal of Food Engineering. 111 (3): 519–527. doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2012.02.029.
^DIFFERENCES IN THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE REVEALED BY HIGH RESOLUTION MICRO X-RAY TOMOGRAPHY ARE RELATED TO FRESH AND COOKED MEAT TENDERNESS, by VLAD BRUMFELD* AND DAVID E. GERRARD – Electron Microscopy Unit, The Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot, ISRAEL AND Department of Animal & Poultry Sciences Virginia Tech USA [11]
^Viscoelastic stress-development during drying of corn kernels: a multiscale porous media study from cellular to tissue scales, P S. Takhar, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, International Center for Food Industry Excellence, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX (USA) "Archived copy"(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on 2012-04-25. Retrieved 2011-11-02.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^Neset, T-S S., Johansson, J. and Linnér, B-O. (eds.) (2009). STATE OF CLIMATE VISUALISATION, CSPR Report N:o 09:04, Centre for Climate Science and Policy Research, Norrköping, Sweden [12]
^2008 Geoinformatics Conference – AVIZO – 3D VISUALIZATION FRAMEWORK -, by Peter Westenberger [13]
^INTERACTIVE DATA VISUALIZATION WITH FOCUS ON EARTH SYSTEM RESEARCH, by Michael Böttinger (DKRZ, German Climate Computing Centre)[14]Archived 2011-07-19 at the Wayback Machine
^TOPOLOGY OF SPHEROIDIZED PEARLITE, by Yoshitaka Adachi (1) and Yuan Tsung Wang (1) – (1) National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan [15][permanent dead link]
^Cuadrado, N.; Casellas, D.; Anglada, M.; Jiménez-Piqué, E. (2012). "Evaluation of fracture toughness of small volumes by means of cube-corner nanoindentation". Scripta Materialia. 66 (9): 670–673. doi:10.1016/j.scriptamat.2012.01.033. hdl:2117/15931.
^POROSITY AND PERMEABILITY ANALYSIS ON NANOSCALE FIB-SEM 3D IMAGING OF SHALE ROCK, By Shawn Zhang (1), Robert E. Klimentidis (2), Patrick Barthelemy (1) – (1) Visualization Sciences Group (VSG), (2) ExxonMobil Upstream Research Co."Archived copy"(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on 2012-04-25. Retrieved 2011-11-02.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^Arsecularatne, J. A.; Hoffman, M.; O'Kelly, K.; Payraudeau, N. (2011). "FIB Tomographic Analysis of Subsurface Indentation Crack Interactions with Pores in Alumina". Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 94 (11): 4017–4024. doi:10.1111/j.1551-2916.2011.04661.x.
^Hassomeris, O.; Schumacher, G.; Krüger, M.; Heilmaier, M.; Banhart, J. (2011). "Phase continuity in high temperature Mo–Si–B alloys: A FIB-Tomography Study". Intermetallics. 19 (4): 470–475. doi:10.1016/j.intermet.2010.11.003.
^CrossBeam Nano-Tomography & 3D Analytics in Research, By Dr. Daniel Kraft – Carl Zeiss SMT "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-10-03. Retrieved 2011-07-20.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^VISUALIZATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE GREAT SPHINX EROSION, by the VISTA team of Bibliotheca Alexandrina (Cairo, Egypt)"VISTA". Archived from the original on July 25, 2011. Retrieved 2010-01-29.
^COMSOLConference 2009: Drying of Corn Kernels: From Experimental Images to Multiscale Multiphysics Modeling, by Pawan S. Takhar (Texas Tech University) and Shuang Zhang (Visualization Sciences Group), 2009 [16]
^ETUDE DU REFROIDISSEMENT POSTCOULEE DE REFRACTAIRES ELECTROFONDUS RICHES EN ZIRCONE : OPTIMISATION DES PROCEDES ET DES MICROSTRUCTURES, by L. Laurence, Y. Ding, M. Boussuge, D. Ryckelynck, S. Forest, 8th Sept 2009 "Archived copy"(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on 2011-07-20. Retrieved 2010-01-29.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS – ENHANCED 3D VISUALIZATION USING THE LABVIEW INTERFACE FOR VSG AVIZO -[17]Archived 2010-02-06 at the Wayback Machine
^INTERACTIVE 3D VISUALIZATION IN EARTH SYSTEM RESEARCH, by The German Climate Computing Center (Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum,
DKRZ)"3D Visualization 2008 with Avizo". Archived from the original on 2008-12-17. Retrieved 2010-01-29.
^3D-VISUALISIERING VON DATEN AUS KLIMAMODELLEN, by Carmen Ulmen, Dipl.-Geografin, Akad. Geoinformatikerin KlimaCampus Hamburg, Climate System Analysis and Prediction (CliSAP)[18][permanent dead link]
^Volume Edit and Thresholding – By Elise Orellana (LSU Honors Class 3035, Spring'11, Student Project Showcase)
The Use of Metal Markers In 3D Imaging – By Caroline Blevins (LSU Honors Class 3035, Spring'11, Student Project Showcase)
Using 3D Reconstruction to Illustrate the Cranio-cervical Envelope in the Alligator – By Brooke Hopkins (LSU Honors Class 3035, Spring'11, Student Project Showcase)
Visualization and Analysis of the Human Shoulder Suspensory Apparatus – By Michelle Osborn (LSU Honors Class 3035, Spring'11, Student Project Showcase)"CCT - Advanced Visualization Serive Laboratory". Archived from the original on 2011-09-27. Retrieved 2011-06-30.
^El Albani, A.; Bengtson, S.; Canfield, D. E.; Bekker, A.; MacChiarelli, R.; Mazurier, A.; Hammarlund, E. U.; Boulvais, P.; Dupuy, J. J.; Fontaine, C.; Fürsich, F. T.; Gauthier-Lafaye, F.; Janvier, P.; Javaux, E.; Ossa, F. O.; Pierson-Wickmann, A. C.; Riboulleau, A.; Sardini, P.; Vachard, D.; Whitehouse, M.; Meunier, A. (2010). "Large colonial organisms with coordinated growth in oxygenated environments 2.1 Gyr ago". Nature. 466 (7302): 100–104. Bibcode:2010Natur.466..100A. doi:10.1038/nature09166. PMID20596019. S2CID4331375.
^Richard, O.; Vandooren, A.; Kar, G. S.; Van Marcke, P.; Bender, H.; Seiler, David G.; Diebold, Alain C.; McDonald, Robert; Chabli, Amal; Secula, Erik M. (2011). Characterization of Nanodevices by STEM Tomography. Frontiers of Characterization and Metrology for Nanoelectronics: 2011. AIP Conference Proceedings. Vol. 1395. pp. 100–104. Bibcode:2011AIPC.1395..100R. doi:10.1063/1.3657873.
^Khalifa, Gal Mor; Weiner, Steve; Addadi, Lia (2011). "Mineral and Matrix Components of the Operculum and Shell of the Barnacle Balanus amphitrite: Calcite Crystal Growth in a Hydrogel". Crystal Growth & Design. 11 (11): 5122–5130. doi:10.1021/cg2010216.
^SIMULATION OF CELL SEEDING AND RETENTION IN A DISORDERED POLYMERIC SCAFFOLD, by Tejaswini Narayana, University of Kerala (India)[19]Archived 2011-08-07 at the Wayback Machine
^Naveh, Gili R.S.; Shahar, Ron; Brumfeld, Vlad; Weiner, Steve (2012). "Tooth movements are guided by specific contact areas between the tooth root and the jaw bone: A dynamic 3D microCT study of the rat molar". Journal of Structural Biology. 177 (2): 477–483. doi:10.1016/j.jsb.2011.11.019. PMID22138090.
^Ko, E.W.-C.; Chen, P.K.-T.; Tai, I.C.-H.; Huang, C.S. (2012). "Fronto-facial monobloc distraction in syndromic craniosynostosis. Three-dimensional evaluation of treatment outcome and facial growth". International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 41 (1): 20–27. doi:10.1016/j.ijom.2011.09.012. PMID22094394.
^Ohta, Keisuke; Sadayama, Shoji; Togo, Akinobu; Higashi, Ryuhei; Tanoue, Ryuichiro; Nakamura, Kei-Ichiro (2012). "Beam deceleration for block-face scanning electron microscopy of embedded biological tissue". Micron. 43 (5): 612–620. doi:10.1016/j.micron.2011.11.001. PMID22285616.
^Rücklin, Martin; Giles, Sam; Janvier, Philippe; Donoghue, Philip C. J. (2011). "Teeth before jaws? Comparative analysis of the structure and development of the external and internal scales in the extinct jawless vertebrate Loganellia scotica". Evolution & Development. 13 (6): 523–532. doi:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2011.00508.x. PMID23016936. S2CID44472846.
^Trtik, Pavel; Kaufmann, Josef; Volz, Udo (2012). "On the use of peak-force tapping atomic force microscopy for quantification of the local elastic modulus in hardened cement paste". Cement and Concrete Research. 42: 215–221. doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.08.009.
^Bradu, Adrian; Alam, Khairul (2011). "3-Dimensional Modeling of Graphitic foam Heat Sink". Developments in Strategic Materials and Computational Design II. Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings. pp. 105–117. doi:10.1002/9781118095393.ch10. ISBN9781118095393.
^Lee, Joung-Hyun; Gu, Yexin; Wang, Hongjun; Lee, Woo Y. (2012). "Microfluidic 3D bone tissue model for high-throughput evaluation of wound-healing and infection-preventing biomaterials". Biomaterials. 33 (4): 999–1006. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.10.036. PMID22061488.
^Enhancing Appalachian Coalbed Methane Extraction by Microwave-Induced Fractures, by Jonathan P. Mathews – The Pennsylvania State University "Archived copy"(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on 2012-03-31. Retrieved 2011-09-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^FRACTURING CONTROLLED PRIMARY MIGRATION OF HYDROCARBONS FLUIDS DURING HEATING OF ORGANIC-RICH SHALES, by Maya Kobchenko (1), Hamed Panahi (1)(2), François Renard (1)(3), Dag K. Dysthe (1), Anders Malthe-Sørenssen (1), Adriano Mazzini (1), Julien Scheibert (1), Bjørn Jamtveit (1) and Paul Meakin (1) (4) (5) – (1) Physics of Geological Processes, University of Oslo, Norway; (2) Statoil ASA, Norway; (3) Institut des Sciences de la Terre, Université Joseph Fourier-CNRS, Grenoble, France; (4) Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, USA; (5) Institute for Energy Technology, Kjeller, Norway [22]
^VISUALIZATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF BIOFILM ARCHITECTURE WITHIN POROUS MEDIA USING SYNCHROTRON BASED X-RAY COMPUTED MICROTOMOGRAPHY, by Gabriel Iltis, Ryan Armstrong, and Dorthe Wildenschild – Dpt of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, USA "Archived copy"(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on 2011-09-27. Retrieved 2010-12-17.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^Liu, Zhao; Scott Cronin, J.; Chen-Wiegart, Yu-Chen K.; Wilson, James R.; Yakal-Kremski, Kyle J.; Wang, Jun; Faber, Katherine T.; Barnett, Scott A. (2013). "Three-Dimensional Morphological Measurements of LiCoO2 and LiCoO2/Li(Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3)O2 Lithium-ion Battery Cathodes". Journal of Power Sources. 227: 267–274. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.11.043.
^Al-Mutairi, S. H.; Al-Obied, M. A.; Al-Yami, I. S.; Shebatalhamd, A. M.; Al-Shehri, D. A. (2012). "Wormhole Propagation in Tar During Matrix Acidizing of Carbonate Formation". All Days. doi:10.2118/151560-MS.
^Xin, Huolin L.; Ercius, Peter; Hughes, Kevin J.; Engstrom, James R.; Muller, David A. (2010). "Three-dimensional imaging of pore structures inside low-κ dielectrics". Applied Physics Letters. 96 (22): 223108. Bibcode:2010ApPhL..96v3108X. doi:10.1063/1.3442496.
^SIMULATIONS ET ANALYSES 2D-3D DE LA POROSITE DE DEPOTS PLASMA D'ALUMINE POUR LA CARACTERISATION DE PROPRIETES MECANIQUES ET PHYSIQUES by Vincent Guipont, Centre des Matériaux, CNRS (France) "Archived copy"(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on 2011-07-20. Retrieved 2010-07-21.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^Identification des propriétés des tissus mous de la jambe sous compression élastique, by L. Dubuis (1), S. Avril (1), P. Badel (1), J. Debayle (2) – (1) LCG, École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (France), (2) LPMG, École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (France)[23]
^Vanderesse, N.; Maire, É.; Chabod, A.; Buffière, J.-Y. (2011). "Microtomographic study and finite element analysis of the porosity harmfulness in a cast aluminium alloy". International Journal of Fatigue. 33 (12): 1514–1525. doi:10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2011.06.010.
^Transport Phenomena on the Channel-Rib Scale of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells, by Reto Fluckiger – ETH Zurich [24]
^VISUALISATION IMMERSIVE ET INTERACTION HAPTIQUE : UNE REVOLUTION POUR LES GEOSCIENCES, by BRGM (Bureau des recherches géologiques et minières, France)[25]