Aylmer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
- Edward Aylmer, Welsh MP
- Edward Aylmer (cricketer), first-class cricketer and Royal Navy officer
- Felix Aylmer, English stage actor
- Sir Fenton Aylmer, 13th Baronet, British Army general and Victoria Cross recipient
- Frederick Whitworth Aylmer, 6th Baron Aylmer Royal Navy officer who penetrated the Gironde estuary in 1815
- George Aylmer, Irish officer of the Royal Navy who was killed at the Battle of Bantry Bay in 1689
- Jennifer Aylmer, American operatic soprano
- John Aylmer (bishop)
- John Aylmer (classicist), Greek and Latin poet
- Matthew Aylmer, 1st Baron Aylmer
- Matthew Whitworth-Aylmer, 5th Baron Aylmer
As a forename, it may refer to:
As a middle name, it may refer to: