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BS 7671

From Wikipedia - Reading time: 10 min

Electrical installations
Wiring practice by region or country
Regulation of electrical installations
Cabling and accessories
Switching and protection devices

British Standard BS 7671 "Requirements for Electrical Installations. IET Wiring Regulations", informally called in the UK electrical community "The Regs", is the national standard in the United Kingdom for electrical installation and the safety of electrical wiring systems.[1]

It did not become a recognized British Standard until after the publication of the 16th edition in 1992. The standard takes account of the technical substance of agreements reached in CENELEC.[2]

BS 7671 is also used as a national standard by Mauritius, St Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, Cyprus, and several other countries, which base their wiring regulations on it.

The latest version is BS 7671:2018+A3:2024 (18th Edition, amendment 3) issued in 2024.

Scope

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Locations

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The regulations in BS7671 apply to the design, selection, erection and verification of electrical installations within:

  1. residential properties
  2. commercial properties
  3. public premises
  4. industrial premises
  5. prefabricated building
  6. low voltage generating sets
  7. highway equipment and street furniture
  8. locations containing a bath or shower
  9. rooms or cabins that contain a sauna
  10. swimming pools and other basins
  11. construction and demolition sites
  12. agricultural and horticultural premises
  13. caravan/camping parks and similar locations
  14. marinas and similar locations
  15. medical locations
  16. exhibitions, shows and stands
  17. Solar photovoltaic (PV) power supply systems (Domestic and commercial)
  18. outdoor lighting installations
  19. extra-low voltage lighting
  20. mobile and transportable units
  21. caravans and motor caravans
  22. temporary installations for structures, amusement devices/booths at fairgrounds, amusement parks, circuses and professional stage and broadcast applications
  23. operating and maintenance gangways
  24. floor and ceiling heating systems
  25. onshore units of electrical shore connections for inland navigation vessels.

Exclusions:

  1. systems for the distribution of electricity to the public other than prosumer installations covered by Chapter 82
  2. railway traction equipment, rolling stock and signalling equipment
  3. equipment of motor vehicles, except those to which the requirements of the Regulations concerning caravans or other types of mobile unit are applicable
  4. equipment onboard ships covered by BS 8450, BS EN 60092-507, BS EN ISO 13297 or BS EN ISO 10133
  5. equipment of mobile or fixed offshore installations
  6. equipment within and aircraft[vague]
  7. those aspects of mines covered by Statutory Regulations
  8. radio interference suppression equipment, except so far as it affects safety of the electrical installation
  9. lightning protection systems for buildings and structures covered by BS EN 62305
  10. those aspects of Lift Installations covered by relevant parts of BS 5655 and BS EN 81 and those aspects of escalator or moving walkway installations covered by relevant parts of BS 5656 and BS EN 115
  11. electrical equipment of machines covered by BS EN 60204
  12. electric fences covered by BS EN 60335-2-76
  13. the DC side of cathodic protection systems complying with the relevant part(s) of BS EN 12696, BS EN 12954, BS EN ISO 13174, BS EN 13636 and BS EN 14505.

Voltages

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BS 7671 only covers electrical systems with the following characteristics:

  • having a nominal voltage up to but not exceeding 1000V AC or 1500V DC
  • for AC having a supply frequency of 50, 60 or 400Hz, though the use of other frequencies for special purposes is not excluded.

This includes low-voltage installations, as found in most domestic and commercial properties, and extra-low-voltage systems, but excludes high voltage, as found in generation, transmission and distribution networks.

Compilation and publication

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The standard is maintained by the Joint IET/BSI Technical Committee JPEL/64, the UK National Committee for Wiring Regulations, and published jointly by the IET (formerly IEE) and BSI. Although the IET and BSI are non-governmental organisations and the Wiring Regulations are non-statutory, they are referenced in several UK statutory instruments, and in most cases, for practical purposes, have legal force as the appropriate method of electric wiring.[3]

The BSI (British Standards Institute) publishes numerous titles concerning acceptable standards of design/safety/quality across different fields.

History of BS 7671 and predecessor standards

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The first edition was published in 1882 as the "Rules and Regulations for the Prevention of Fire Risks arising from Electric Lighting." The title became "General Rules recommended for Wiring for the Supply of Electrical Energy" with the third edition in 1897, "Wiring Rules" with the fifth edition of 1907, and settled at "Regulations for the Electrical Equipment of Buildings" with the eighth edition in 1924.

Since the 15th edition (1981), these regulations have closely followed the corresponding international standard IEC 60364. In 1992, the IEE Wiring Regulations became British Standard BS 7671 so that the legal enforcement of their requirements was easier both with regard to the Electricity at Work regulations and from an international point of view.[4] They are now treated similar to other British Standards. BS 7671 has converged towards (and is largely based on) the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC) harmonisation documents, and therefore is technically very similar to the current wiring regulations of other European countries.

Timeline

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The historical timeline of publication can be found within documents published by the IET, such as within the PDF detailing amendment 3 to the 18th edition ([5]), and is summarised below, along with some notable other events. Only major changes between editions/amendments are noted.

Year Ed. Pub. Notes
1882 1st IEE Entitled ‘Rules and Regulations for the prevention of Fire Risks Arising from Electric Lighting’, and known as the "Wiring Rules".

Two core cable, line and neutral, no earth. Protection was a re-wirable fuse.

1888 2nd IEE Entitled 'Wiring Rules & Regulations in Buildings.[verification needed]
1897 3rd IEE Entitled ‘General Rules recommended for Wiring for the Supply of Electrical Energy’.
1903 4th IEE
1907 5th IEE Entitled ‘Wiring Rules’.
1911 6th IEE
1916 7th IEE
1924 8th IEE Entitled ‘Regulations for the Electrical Equipment of Buildings’.
1927 9th IEE
1934 10th IEE Three-phase colours changed to red, white and green; neutral or earth to black.
1939 11th IEE Last edition to allow sockets in a bathroom. Three-phase colours changed to red, white and blue; black for neutral or earth.

Revised in 1943; reprint with minor amendments in 1945; supplement issued in 1946; revision to section 8 in 1948.

1950 12th IEE Three-phase colours of red white and blue; black for neutral or earth in fixed wiring; green earth in flex.

Supplement issued 1954. First mention of PVC insulated cables.

1955 13th IEE Reprinted in 1958, 1961, 1962, 1964.
1966 14th IEE Added earthing on lighting circuits.

Reprinted with amendments in 1968 and 1969, a supplement was issued 'on use in metric terms' in 1969, amended and reprinted 'in metric units' in 1970, reprinted in 1972 and 1973, amended and reprinted 1974 and 1976.

1981 15th IEE Entitled 'Regulations for Electrical Installations'. Issued with red cover. Amended and reprinted in 1983 (green cover), 1984 (yellow cover), amended in 1985, amended and reprinted in 1986 (blue cover; to remove voltage operated earth leakage circuit breakers), 1987 (brown cover), and finally just reprinted with minor corrections (no amendment) in 1988 (brown cover).
1991 16th IEE Issued with red cover. Reprinted with minor corrections in 1992 (red cover), then again in the same year retitled as 'Requirements for Electrical Installations BS 7671:1992' (red cover; see next entry). Amended (no. 1) and reprinted in 1994 (green cover), 1997 (no. 2; yellow cover), and amended again (no. 3) in 2000. Then reissued as BS 7671:2001 in 2001 (blue cover), and amended further (no. 1) in 2002 and amended again (no. 2) and reprinted in 2004 (brown cover).

The 2004 amendment saw major changes to wire colouring, following European-wide harmonisation efforts. Quoting the amendment document[6]:

Amendment No 2 : 2004 to BS 7671 : 2001 implements the cable core colours introduced in the revision of CENELEC Harmonization Document HD 308 S2: 2001 Identification of cores in cables and flexible cords and agrees generally with BS EN 60446 : 2000 Basic and safety principles for the man-machine interface, marking and identification. Identification of conductors by colours or numerals and BS EN 60445 : 2000 Basic and safety principles for man-machine interface, marking and identification of equipment terminals and of terminations…. The single-phase colours of red phase and black neutral are replaced by brown phase and blue neutral. These colours have been used in appliance flexible cables since 1969.

The cable core colours are described in IEC 60304 (1982-01), Standard colours for insulation for low- frequency cables and wires.

The three-phase phase colours are brown, black and grey instead of red, yellow and blue. Where a circuit includes a neutral or mid-point conductor identified by colour, the colour used shall be blue.

In all installations the earth or protective conductor will remain green-and-yellow.

1992 - - The IEE wiring regulations were adopted by the British Standards Institute as BS 7671.
1992 - - The Electricity at Work Regulations legislation come fully into effect in Northern Ireland.[verification needed]
2002 - - The Electricity Safety, Quality and Continuity Regulations 2002 (legislation) required consumer electrical installations incorporating generators operating in parallel with the grid, or as a switched alternative to the grid, to conform to BS 7671 (Regulations 21 and 22).
2004 - - Part P of the Building Regulations ("Requirements for Electrical Installations") came into force, covering legal requirements for domestic electrical installations in England and Wales. The guidance in the accompanying Approved Documents refers explicitly to BS 7671 as being one way to achieve compliance.
2006 - - The IEE merged with the IIE to form the IET.
2008 17th IET/BSI First new edition to be published by the IET (jointly with the BSI).

RCDs were now required for most outlets in domestic premises or otherwise for general use by unskilled persons.

Issued with red cover. Amended (no. 1) and reprinted in 2011 (green cover), amended (no. 2) Aug 2013, amended (no. 3) and reprinted 2015 (yellow cover). Amendment 1 replaced Periodic inspection reports (PIRs) with Electrical Installation Condition Reports (EICRs), a section on surge protection devices (SPDs) was introduced, and some details relating to medical locations were added.[7] Amendment 2 added a new section on electric vehicle charging.[8] Amendment 3 introduced requirements for the use of non-combustable consumer units (or enclosures) in domestic premises, along with use of metal wiring/containment clips in certain situations, and expanded use of RCDs into commercial/industrial spaces.[9]

New sections have been added relating to microgeneration and solar photovoltaic systems[verification needed], and breakers (including high resilience breaker layout).[verification needed]

2018 18th IET/BSI Introduced energy efficiency performance levels and the use of surge protection devices and arc fault detection devices.[10]

Issued with blue cover. Amended February 2020 (no. 1), changing rules on car charging. Amended (no. 2) and reprinted March 2022 (brown cover). Amended (no. 3) July 2024, introducing the concept of bi-directional vs. uni-directional protective devices in response to issue of how existing devices were being used for prosumer power generation circuits.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ BS7671 chapter 11 - scope
  2. ^ BS7671: Preface
  3. ^ "Regulatory Requirements" (PDF). p. 3.
  4. ^ Electrician's guide to the 17th edition of the IEE wiring regulations. 3rd edition pub 2012 John Whitfield
  5. ^ Introduction to Amendment 3:2024 (PDF), IET Electrical, retrieved 29 September 2024
  6. ^ "Amendment No 2 : 2004 to BS 7671 : 2001" (PDF). Retrieved 3 October 2024.
  7. ^ "17th Edition (BS 7671:2008) incorporating Amendment No 1" (PDF). Retrieved 29 September 2024.
  8. ^ "17th Edition Amendment 2". Retrieved 29 September 2024.
  9. ^ "17th Edition Amendment 3 – What You Need to Know". Retrieved 29 September 2024.
  10. ^ Whitton, Nicole (2016). "BS 7671: the 18th Edition report". electrical.theiet.org. IET Electrical. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
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