Badajoz is one of the 52 constituencies (Spanish : circunscripciones ) represented in the Congress of Deputies , the lower chamber of the Spanish parliament, the Cortes Generales . The constituency currently elects five deputies . Its boundaries correspond to those of the Spanish province of Badajoz . The electoral system uses the D'Hondt method and a closed-list proportional representation , with a minimum threshold of three percent.
The constituency was created as per the Political Reform Act 1977 and was first contested in the 1977 general election . The Act provided for the provinces of Spain to be established as multi-member districts in the Congress of Deputies ,[ 2] Spanish Constitution of 1978 . Additionally, the Constitution requires for any modification of the provincial limits to be approved under an organic law , needing an absolute majority in the Cortes Generales .[ 3]
Voting is on the basis of universal suffrage , which comprises all nationals over eighteen and in full enjoyment of their political rights. The only exception was in 1977, when this was limited to nationals over twenty-one and in full enjoyment of their political and civil rights. Amendments to the electoral law in 2011 required for Spaniards abroad to apply for voting before being permitted to vote, a system known as "begged" or expat vote (Spanish : Voto rogado ) which was abolished in 2022.[ 4] [ 5] D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation , with an electoral threshold of three percent of valid votes—which includes blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Each provincial constituency is entitled to an initial minimum of two seats, with the remaining 248 being distributed in proportion to their populations. Ceuta and Melilla are allocated the two remaining seats, which are elected using plurality voting .[ 3] [ 6] [ 7] district magnitude .[ 8]
The electoral law allows for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry , coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election are required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call—fifteen before 1985—whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election—one-thousandth of the electorate, with a compulsory minimum of 500 signatures, until 1985—disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates. Also since 2011, parties, federations or coalitions that have not obtained a mandate in either chamber of the Cortes at the preceding election are required to secure the signature of at least 0.1 percent of electors in the aforementioned constituencies.[ 6] [ 7]
2023 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 23 July 2023 Congress of Deputies election results in Badajoz
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
153,473
39.21
+0.76
2 –1
People's Party (PP)
148,068
37.82
+12.77
2 ±0
Vox (Vox)
53,492
13.66
–3.63
1 ±0
Unite (Sumar)1
26,778
6.84
–2.34
0
±0
Extremaduran Bloc (BQEx)
3,885
0.99
New
0
±0
Animalist Party with the Environment (PACMA)2
1,395
0.36
–0.29
0
±0
Workers' Front (FO)
477
0.12
New
0
±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J)
464
0.12
–0.13
0
±0
Zero Cuts (Recortes Cero)
204
0.05
–0.13
0
±0
Blank ballots
3,225
0.82
–0.15
Total
391,461
5
–1
Valid votes
391,461
98.30
+0.10
Invalid votes
6,772
1.70
–0.10
Votes cast / turnout
398,233
72.31
+4.39
Abstentions
152,469
27.69
–4.39
Registered voters
550,702
Sources[ 9]
November 2019 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 10 November 2019 Congress of Deputies election results in Badajoz
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
142,312
38.45
–0.03
3 ±0
People's Party (PP)
92,742
25.05
+4.66
2 +1
Vox (Vox)
64,016
17.29
+6.30
1 ±0
United We Can (Podemos –IU )
33,971
9.18
–0.19
0
±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs)
29,520
7.97
–10.54
0
–1
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)
2,400
0.65
–0.07
0
±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J)
925
0.25
+0.14
0
±0
Zero Cuts –Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV)
674
0.18
+0.07
0
±0
Blank ballots
3,599
0.97
+0.13
Total
370,159
6
±0
Valid votes
370,159
98.20
–0.22
Invalid votes
6,781
1.80
+0.22
Votes cast / turnout
376,940
67.92
–6.78
Abstentions
178,054
32.08
+6.78
Registered voters
554,994
Sources[ 10]
April 2019 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 28 April 2019 Congress of Deputies election results in Badajoz
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
157,164
38.48
+3.19
3 +1
People's Party (PP)
83,278
20.39
–19.19
1 –2
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs)
75,583
18.51
+7.82
1 +1
Vox (Vox)
44,890
10.99
+10.83
1 +1
United We Can (Podemos –IU –Equo )
38,252
9.37
–3.11
0
–1
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)
2,938
0.72
–0.01
0
±0
Extremadurans (CEx–CREx–PREx)
920
0.23
New
0
±0
Act (PACT)
745
0.18
New
0
±0
Zero Cuts –Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV)
449
0.11
–0.05
0
±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J)
442
0.11
New
0
±0
Public Defense Organization (ODP)
308
0.08
New
0
±0
Blank ballots
3,424
0.84
+0.12
Total
408,393
6
±0
Valid votes
408,393
98.42
–0.27
Invalid votes
6,547
1.58
+0.27
Votes cast / turnout
414,940
74.70
+6.09
Abstentions
140,507
25.30
–6.09
Registered voters
555,447
Sources[ 10]
2016 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 26 June 2016 Congress of Deputies election results in Badajoz
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
People's Party (PP)
149,603
39.58
+5.11
3 +1
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
133,392
35.29
–1.89
2 –1
United We Can (Podemos –IU –Equo )1
47,182
12.48
–2.47
1 ±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's)
40,417
10.69
–0.67
0
±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)
2,766
0.73
+0.22
0
±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD)
639
0.17
–0.22
0
±0
Vox (Vox)
617
0.16
New
0
±0
Zero Cuts –Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV)
614
0.16
+0.03
0
±0
Blank ballots
2,719
0.72
–0.06
Total
377,949
6
±0
Valid votes
377,949
98.69
–0.02
Invalid votes
5,032
1.31
+0.02
Votes cast / turnout
382,981
68.61
–3.73
Abstentions
175,247
31.39
+3.73
Registered voters
558,228
Sources[ 10]
2015 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 20 December 2015 Congress of Deputies election results in Badajoz
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
148,493
37.18
–0.41
3 +1
People's Party (PP)
137,640
34.47
–16.18
2 –2
We Can (Podemos)
47,368
11.86
New
1 +1
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's)
45,350
11.36
New
0
±0
United Left –Popular Unity in Common (IU–UPeC)
12,338
3.09
–2.86
0
±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)
2,041
0.51
+0.17
0
±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD)
1,546
0.39
–3.08
0
±0
United Extremadura –Extremadurans (EU–eX)1
951
0.24
+0.10
0
±0
Zero Cuts –Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV)
508
0.13
New
0
±0
Blank ballots
3,117
0.78
–0.40
Total
399,352
6
±0
Valid votes
399,352
98.71
–0.02
Invalid votes
5,224
1.29
+0.02
Votes cast / turnout
404,576
72.34
–1.94
Abstentions
154,671
27.66
+1.94
Registered voters
559,247
Sources[ 10]
2011 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 20 November 2011 Congress of Deputies election results in Badajoz
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
People's Party –United Extremadura (PP–EU)1
207,068
50.65
+8.87
4 +1
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
153,692
37.59
–14.75
2 –1
United Left –Greens –Independent Socialists : Plural Left (IU–V–SIEx)
24,344
5.95
+2.86
0
±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD)
14,174
3.47
+2.70
0
±0
Equo (Equo)
1,801
0.44
New
0
±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)
1,371
0.34
+0.23
0
±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J)
986
0.24
+0.07
0
±0
Convergence for Extremadura (CEx)
574
0.14
New
0
±0
Blank ballots
4,832
1.18
+0.34
Total
408,842
6
±0
Valid votes
408,842
98.73
–0.63
Invalid votes
5,260
1.27
+0.63
Votes cast / turnout
414,102
74.28
–4.32
Abstentions
143,366
25.72
+4.32
Registered voters
557,468
Sources[ 10]
2008 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 9 March 2008 Congress of Deputies election results in Badajoz
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
223,749
52.34
+0.68
3 ±0
People's Party (PP)
178,634
41.78
+0.13
3 ±0
United Left–Alternative (IU)
13,197
3.09
–0.82
0
±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD)
3,293
0.77
New
0
±0
The Greens (LV)
1,240
0.29
–0.15
0
±0
United Extremadura (EU)
1,029
0.24
–0.12
0
±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J)
732
0.17
New
0
±0
Anti-Bullfighting Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)
473
0.11
New
0
±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE)
420
0.10
–0.05
0
±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's)
226
0.05
New
0
±0
Citizens for Blank Votes (CenB)
197
0.05
–0.07
0
±0
National Democracy (DN)
184
0.04
±0.00
0
±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)
157
0.04
+0.01
0
±0
Authentic Phalanx (FA)
106
0.02
–0.01
0
±0
Humanist Party (PH)
104
0.02
–0.02
0
±0
Spanish Alternative (AES)
91
0.02
New
0
±0
Spain 2000 (E–2000)
88
0.02
New
0
±0
Blank ballots
3,595
0.84
–0.47
Total
427,515
6
±0
Valid votes
427,515
99.36
+0.07
Invalid votes
2,743
0.64
–0.07
Votes cast / turnout
430,258
78.60
–0.72
Abstentions
117,178
21.40
+0.72
Registered voters
547,436
Sources[ 10]
2004 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 14 March 2004 Congress of Deputies election results in Badajoz
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)1
219,172
51.66
+6.71
3 ±0
People's Party (PP)
176,699
41.65
–5.35
3 ±0
United Left –Independent Socialists of Extremadura (IU–SIEx)2
16,589
3.91
–1.71
0
±0
The Greens of Extremadura (LV)
1,886
0.44
–0.03
0
±0
United Extremadura (EU)
1,508
0.36
–0.07
0
±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE)
617
0.15
New
0
±0
Citizens for Blank Votes (CenB)
496
0.12
New
0
±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)
423
0.10
+0.02
0
±0
Republican Left (IR)
264
0.06
New
0
±0
Family and Life Party (PFyV)
201
0.05
New
0
±0
Humanist Party (PH)
180
0.04
–0.01
0
±0
National Democracy (DN)
173
0.04
New
0
±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)3
138
0.03
±0.00
0
±0
Authentic Phalanx (FA)
120
0.03
New
0
±0
Republican Social Movement (MSR)
99
0.02
New
0
±0
The Phalanx (FE)
77
0.02
–0.04
0
±0
Blank ballots
5,578
1.31
+0.10
Total
424,220
6
±0
Valid votes
424,220
99.29
+0.08
Invalid votes
3,041
0.71
–0.08
Votes cast / turnout
427,261
79.32
+4.13
Abstentions
111,389
20.68
–4.13
Registered voters
538,650
Sources[ 10]
2000 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 12 March 2000 Congress of Deputies election results in Badajoz
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
People's Party (PP)
187,273
47.00
+7.84
3 ±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party –Progressives (PSOE–p)
178,396
44.77
–4.00
3 ±0
United Left (IU)
21,402
5.37
–4.57
0
±0
The Greens of Extremadura (LV)
1,874
0.47
New
0
±0
United Extremadura (EU)
1,723
0.43
New
0
±0
Independent Socialists of Extremadura (SIEx)
994
0.25
±0.00
0
±0
Extremaduran Coalition (PREx–CREx)
723
0.18
–0.61
0
±0
Centrist Union–Democratic and Social Centre (UC–CDS)
308
0.08
–0.04
0
±0
The Phalanx (FE)
238
0.06
New
0
±0
Humanist Party (PH)
198
0.05
New
0
±0
Natural Law Party (PLN)
157
0.04
New
0
±0
Independent Spanish Phalanx–Phalanx 2000 (FEI–FE 2000)
137
0.03
–0.02
0
±0
Spain 2000 Platform (ES2000)
110
0.03
New
0
±0
Spanish Democratic Party (PADE)
86
0.02
New
0
±0
Blank ballots
4,810
1.21
+0.49
Total
398,429
6
±0
Valid votes
398,429
99.21
–0.39
Invalid votes
3,179
0.79
+0.39
Votes cast / turnout
401,608
75.19
–7.86
Abstentions
132,492
24.81
+7.86
Registered voters
534,100
Sources[ 10]
1996 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 3 March 1996 Congress of Deputies election results in Badajoz
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
208,287
48.77
–3.18
3 –1
People's Party (PP)
167,254
39.16
+4.08
3 +1
United Left –The Greens–Commitment for Extremadura (IU–LV–CE)
42,434
9.94
+0.95
0
±0
Extremaduran Coalition (CEx)1
3,389
0.79
+0.15
0
±0
Independent Socialists of Extremadura (SIEx)
1,073
0.25
New
0
±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE)
584
0.14
New
0
±0
Centrist Union (UC)
502
0.12
–1.76
0
±0
Workers' Revolutionary Party (PRT)
288
0.07
New
0
±0
Independent Spanish Phalanx (FEI)
199
0.05
New
0
±0
Blank ballots
3,081
0.72
+0.18
Total
427,091
6
±0
Valid votes
427,091
99.60
+0.07
Invalid votes
1,694
0.40
–0.07
Votes cast / turnout
428,785
83.05
+1.75
Abstentions
87,512
16.95
–1.75
Registered voters
516,297
Sources[ 10]
1993 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 6 June 1993 Congress of Deputies election results in Badajoz
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
211,124
51.95
–2.83
4 ±0
People's Party (PP)
142,563
35.08
+11.55
2 ±0
United Left of Extremadura (IU)
36,552
8.99
+0.97
0
±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)
7,657
1.88
–8.09
0
±0
United Extremadura (EU)
2,130
0.52
–0.39
0
±0
The Greens (LV)
1,997
0.49
New
0
±0
The Ecologists (LE)
774
0.19
–0.14
0
±0
Extremaduran Regionalist Party (PREx)
483
0.12
New
0
±0
Ruiz-Mateos Group –European Democratic Alliance (ARM–ADE)
394
0.10
–0.57
0
±0
Coalition for a New Socialist Party (CNPS)1
264
0.06
+0.02
0
±0
Natural Law Party (PLN)
171
0.04
New
0
±0
Humanist Party (PH)
119
0.03
–0.02
0
±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE)
0
0.00
New
0
±0
Blank ballots
2,206
0.54
+0.06
Total
406,434
6
±0
Valid votes
406,434
99.53
+0.15
Invalid votes
1,939
0.47
–0.15
Votes cast / turnout
408,373
81.30
+5.17
Abstentions
93,931
18.70
–5.17
Registered voters
502,304
Sources[ 10]
1989 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 29 October 1989 Congress of Deputies election results in Badajoz
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
204,473
54.78
–2.47
4 ±0
People's Party (PP)1
87,831
23.53
–2.57
2 ±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)
37,215
9.97
+1.47
0
±0
United Left (IU)
29,940
8.02
+2.91
0
±0
United Extremadura (EU)
3,406
0.91
–0.08
0
±0
Ruiz-Mateos Group (Ruiz-Mateos)
2,501
0.67
New
0
±0
The Ecologist Greens (LVE)
1,220
0.33
New
0
±0
Spanish Vertex Ecological Development Revindication (VERDE)
1,211
0.32
New
0
±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE)
1,162
0.31
New
0
±0
Workers' Party of Spain–Communist Unity (PTE–UC)2
906
0.24
–0.34
0
±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST)
744
0.20
New
0
±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)
541
0.14
New
0
±0
Humanist Party (PH)
188
0.05
New
0
±0
Alliance for the Republic (AxR)
155
0.04
New
0
±0
Blank ballots
1,799
0.48
–0.05
Total
373,292
6
±0
Valid votes
373,292
99.38
+0.55
Invalid votes
2,347
0.62
–0.55
Votes cast / turnout
375,639
76.13
+1.67
Abstentions
117,765
23.87
–1.67
Registered voters
493,404
Sources[ 10]
1986 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 22 June 1986 Congress of Deputies election results in Badajoz
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
209,621
57.25
–0.02
4 –1
People's Coalition (AP –PDP –PL )1
95,566
26.10
+2.74
2 ±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)
31,110
8.50
+7.05
0
±0
United Left (IU)2
18,727
5.11
+0.90
0
±0
United Extremadura (EU)
3,608
0.99
–2.89
0
±0
Communists' Unity Board (MUC)
2,125
0.58
New
0
±0
Democratic Reformist Party (PRD)
2,023
0.55
New
0
±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE)
1,100
0.30
+0.24
0
±0
Party of the Communists of Catalonia (PCC)
286
0.08
New
0
±0
Blank ballots
1,955
0.53
+0.11
Total
366,121
6
–1
Valid votes
366,121
98.83
+0.52
Invalid votes
4,340
1.17
–0.52
Votes cast / turnout
370,461
74.46
–6.29
Abstentions
127,098
25.54
+6.29
Registered voters
497,559
Sources[ 10]
1982 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 28 October 1982 Congress of Deputies election results in Badajoz
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
209,144
57.27
+19.97
5 +2
People's Alliance–People's Democratic Party (AP –PDP )1
85,296
23.36
+19.96
2 +2
Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD)
30,647
8.39
–36.21
0
–4
Communist Party of Spain (PCE)
15,368
4.21
–5.18
0
±0
United Extremadura (EU)
14,160
3.88
New
0
±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)
5,288
1.45
New
0
±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST)
1,310
0.36
New
0
±0
New Force (FN)2
895
0.25
–1.64
0
±0
Spanish Solidarity (SE)
683
0.19
New
0
±0
Communist Unity Candidacy (CUC)
611
0.17
New
0
±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE)
225
0.06
New
0
±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)
40
0.01
New
0
±0
Socialist Party (PS)3
0
0.00
–0.97
0
±0
Revolutionary Communist League (LCR)
0
0.00
New
0
±0
Blank ballots
1,530
0.42
+0.25
Total
365,197
7
±0
Valid votes
365,197
98.31
–0.71
Invalid votes
6,288
1.69
+0.71
Votes cast / turnout
371,485
80.75
+8.79
Abstentions
88,571
19.25
–8.79
Registered voters
460,056
Sources[ 10]
1979 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 1 March 1979 Congress of Deputies election results in Badajoz
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD)
146,699
44.60
–2.01
4 ±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)1
122,680
37.30
+1.76
3 ±0
Communist Party of Spain (PCE)
30,873
9.39
+2.52
0
±0
Democratic Coalition (CD)2
11,194
3.40
–3.46
0
±0
National Union (UN)3
6,220
1.89
+0.79
0
±0
Workers' Revolutionary Organization (ORT)4
4,779
1.45
+0.42
0
±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (historical) (PSOEh)5
3,183
0.97
+0.39
0
±0
Party of Labour of Spain (PTE)
1,852
0.56
New
0
±0
Republican Left (IR)
470
0.14
New
0
±0
Communist Movement –Organization of Communist Left (MC–OIC)
369
0.11
New
0
±0
Blank ballots
573
0.17
–0.03
Total
328,892
7
±0
Valid votes
328,892
99.02
+0.03
Invalid votes
3,240
0.98
–0.03
Votes cast / turnout
332,132
71.96
–6.04
Abstentions
129,445
28.04
+6.04
Registered voters
461,577
Sources[ 10]
1977 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 15 June 1977 Congress of Deputies election results in Badajoz
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD)
148,697
46.61
n/a 4 n/a
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
107,797
33.79
n/a
3 n/a
Communist Party of Spain (PCE)
21,932
6.87
n/a
0
n/a
People's Alliance (AP)
21,880
6.86
n/a
0
n/a
People's Socialist Party –Socialist Unity (PSP–US)
5,578
1.75
n/a
0
n/a
National Alliance July 18 (AN18)
3,512
1.10
n/a
0
n/a
Workers' Electoral Group (AET)
3,272
1.03
n/a
0
n/a
Federation of Christian Democracy (FPD –ID )
3,141
0.98
n/a
0
n/a
Democratic Socialist Alliance (ASDCI)
1,835
0.58
n/a
0
n/a
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (Authentic) (FE–JONS(A))
750
0.24
n/a
0
n/a
Blank ballots
632
0.20
n/a
Total
319,026
7
n/a
Valid votes
319,026
98.99
n/a
Invalid votes
3,250
1.01
n/a
Votes cast / turnout
322,276
78.00
n/a
Abstentions
90,917
22.00
n/a
Registered voters
413,193
Sources[ 10]
^ "Real Decreto 1037/2022, de 20 de diciembre, por el que se declaran oficiales las cifras de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal referidas al 1 de enero de 2022" (PDF) . Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish) (305): 178928–178933. 21 December 2022. ISSN 0212-033X .^ Ley 1/1977, de 4 de enero, para la Reforma Política (Law 1) (in Spanish). 4 January 1977. Retrieved 27 December 2016 .^ a b Constitución Española (in Spanish). 29 December 1978. Retrieved 27 December 2016 .^ Reig Pellicer, Naiara (16 December 2015). "Spanish elections: Begging for the right to vote" . cafebabel.co.uk . Retrieved 17 July 2017 . ^ Araque Conde, Pilar (8 June 2022). "El Congreso acaba con el voto rogado: diez años de trabas burocráticas para los residentes en el extranjero" . Público (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 31 July 2022 . ^ a b Real Decreto-ley 20/1977, de 18 de marzo, sobre Normas Electorales (Royal Decree-Law 20) (in Spanish). 18 March 1977. Retrieved 14 December 2019 .^ a b Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General (Organic Law 5) (in Spanish). 19 June 1985. Retrieved 30 January 2020 .^ Gallagher, Michael (30 July 2012). "Effective threshold in electoral systems" . Trinity College, Dublin. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2017 . ^ "Resolución de 30 de agosto de 2023, de la Presidencia de la Junta Electoral Central, por la que se publica el resumen de los resultados de las elecciones al Congreso de los Diputados y al Senado convocadas por Real Decreto 400/2023, de 29 de mayo, y celebradas el 23 de julio de 2023, conforme a las actas de escrutinio general y de proclamación de electos remitidas por las correspondientes Juntas Electorales Provinciales y por las Juntas Electorales de Ceuta y de Melilla" (PDF) . Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish) (209): 122201–122274. 1 September 2023. ISSN 0212-033X .^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Elecciones celebradas. Resultados electorales" . Ministry of the Interior . Retrieved 15 April 2022 .
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