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Bharatiya Janata Party, Karnataka

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Karnataka BJP
AbbreviationKarnataka BJP
President
Chairman
HeadquartersBJP Bhawan, 11th Cross, Temple Street, Malleshwaram, Bengaluru-560003, Karnataka
Ideology
Political positionFar-right[2]
Colours  Saffron
ECI Statusregistered
Seats in Lok Sabha
17 / 28
Seats in Rajya Sabha
6 / 12
Seats in Karnataka Legislative Assembly
66 / 224
Seats in Karnataka Legislative Council
35 / 75
Election symbol
Lotus
Party flag
Website
karnataka.bjp.org

Bharatiya Janata Party, Karnataka. or simply Karnataka BJP, is the Karnataka state unit of the Bharatiya Janata Party. Karnataka BJP is a Far-right wing Communal Hindutva party.[2] Karnataka BJP never got a magic number on its own in elections; however, it managed to form a government in the state on multiple occasions with the JDS post-poll alliance or using the Operation Kamala method. To date, 4 chief ministers from the party have served the state; however, none of them completed a full term. They resigned midway due to corruption charges or internal fights within the party.[3] The current president of BJP Karnataka is B. Y. Vijayendra.

Electoral history

[edit]

BJP contested 110 seats in the January 1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election, winning 18 seats and obtained 7.9% of the votes cast across the state.[4][5] Out of its 110 candidates, 71 lost their deposits.[4] Along with the Andhra Pradesh legislative election there same year, this marked the first major performance of the party in southern India.[4] Nine out of the 18 BJP legislators came from the coastal districts.[6] The influence of BJP in Karnataka was marked by its inability to mobilize support in rural areas, where the Janata Dal leader Ramakrishna Hegde and Abdul Nazir Sab (Hegde's Rural Development Minister) had built a strong network of local Janata Dal leaders through the panchayat system.[6] After the 1983 election the BJP offered some outside support to the Hegde government.[6]

The party suffered a set-back in the 1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election, only 2 of its 115 candidates were elected.[4] The party obtained 3.7% of the state-wide vote and 100 of its candidates lost their deposits.[4] The BJP’s journey is one of evolution, from a nascent political force to a powerful institution, from a unifying voice to a catalyst for change.

The 1980s was characterized by internal strife in the BJP Karnataka unit, as the followers of Ananth Kumar and V. Dhananjay Kumar combatted each other.[7] Ananth Kumar was the secretary of the Karnataka BJP unit 1987–1988.[8] In 1988, trying to overcome the split, B. S. Yediyurappa was chosen as the consensus candidate for the presidency of the BJP Karnataka state unit.[7] BJP contested 119 seats in the 1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election, winning four seats and obtaining 4.13% of the votes cast across the state.[9]

BJP obtained 28.8% of the votes in Karnataka in the 1991 Indian general election.[10] This result marked a sharp increase from the 2.5% of the votes that the party had received in the 1989 Indian general election in Karnataka.[11] This time BJP had contested all 28 Lok Sabha seats in the state, winning four.[12] The growth of BJP vote in Karnataka was partially due to the Ram Janmabhoomi campaign and the nationalist discourse of the party.[12]

BJP fielded 223 candidates in the 1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election.[9] Ahead of the election the party state unit published a 41-page manifesto, seeking to portray a pragmatic and populist approach of the party with a focus on socio-economic issues rather than communalist discourse.[13] After the 1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election, BJP held the role as Leader of Opposition in the assembly for a brief period.[10] The electoral result had an important symbolic meaning for the BJP, who had begun to see Karnataka as its 'gateway' into south India.[11]

By the late 1990s, Karnataka was the sole state in southern India where BJP wasn't a marginal political phenomenon.[13][14] During this period, the anti-reservation stance of BJP in response to the Mandal Commission had attracted support among higher castes in Karnataka, rather than Hindutva nationalism per se.[13] The 1999 split in the Janata Dal offered the BJP the possibility to do inroads among Lingayat voters.[6] However, as of the late 1990s the BJP Karnataka state organization remained weak, with the strength of the party concentrated in urban pockets and a few rural pockets (Coorg and the two coastal districts).[10] In the 1998 Lok Sabha parliamentary election, BJP increased its number of seats in Karnataka from six to 13.[15][16] BJP had contested the election in coalition with Lok Shakti, through which BJP had contested 18 seats and Lok Shakti 10 seats.[17][16] With Lok Shakti's Hegde campaigning for the BJP, the party was somewhat able to portray a more moderate image and tone down its Hindutva profile.[16]

Just before the 1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election, the BJP national leadership forced its Karnataka branch into an alliance with the then governing Janata Dal (United).[10][18] Thus the party could not benefit from the anti-incumbency wave against the Janata Dal cabinet.[10] The tie-up with the Janata Dal (United) was unpopular among BJP workers in the state.[19] Following the 1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election the party obtained the Leader of Opposition role again.[10]

The more significant breakthrough of BJP as a major actor in Karnataka state politics came in 2004.[10] In the 2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election, the party won 71 out of 224 seats.[6] Whilst BJP remained organizationally weak in rural Karnataka, it managed to increase its share of vote by attracting Lingayat voters from parts of northern Karnataka.[10][6] In the 2004 Lok Sabha parliamentary election, BJP won 18 seats from Karnataka.[6] BJP had become the largest party in the state assembly, but could not form a government as the Janata Dal (Secular) and the Congress Party formed a coalition.[10] The JD(S)-Congress coalition, however, suffered internal strife and in 2006 H.D Kumarswami struck a deal with BJP which stipulated that the post of Chief Minister would be given to BJP after a 20-month period.[6] In 2007, when the 20 months had passed, H.D Kumarswami opted to retain the position, sparking outcry and a wave of sympathy towards BJP and B. S. Yediyurappa.[6][20]

The strength of BJP in Karnataka state politics increased significantly between October 2007 and April 2009.[6] Ahead of the 2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election, BJP had emerged as the sole viable alternative to the Janata Dal (S) and the Congress Party in Karnataka state politics.[19] Following the formation of the BJP state government in 2008, there was a wave of attacks on Christian churches in Karnataka.[21] The National Commission for Minorities denounced the BJP state governments for inaction in preventing the attacks.[21] Under pressure from the central government, the BJP state government arrested a number of Shri Ram Sena leaders.[21]

In the 2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election, the BJP fell to third place in the state behind the Indian National Congress and Janata Dal (Secular). While the INC won a majority in the Legislative Assembly with 122 seats, the BJP fell to 40 seats.

The decision of the Congress state government to grant minority status to the Lingayats prompted the RSS (a move seen by RSS as "an attempt to divide the Hindus") to take a more active role in supporting the BJP in the 2018 state elections.[22] RSS brought in senior leaders from across the country for the state election campaign.[22] Reportedly some 50,000 RSS cadres campaigned for BJP, as well as some 3,000 Vishwa Hindu Parishad and Bajrang Dal cadres.[22] RSS mobilization for BJP in the electoral campaign was particularly strong in the coastal districts (a stronghold of RSS, but also an area with sizable Christian and Muslim populations).[22]

Support base

[edit]

For many years, the BJP support base was mainly Brahmins & Jains but in 1990's it expanded to include Lingayats and Vokkaligas.[9][19] Most of the party state leadership is either OBCs or Brahmins.[19] By the 2000s, the party had sought support from Dalits utilizing Hindutva as mobilizing factor (albeit with limited success).[19] The party has support base mainly in the coastal districts of the state especially Udupi and Dakshina Kannada. The party has consistently maintained support in the urban centres of Karnataka.[23]

Electoral history

[edit]

Legislative Assembly elections

[edit]
Year Seats won +/- Voteshare (%) +/- (%) Outcome
1983
18 / 224
 Increase 18 7.93% – Outside support for JP
1985
2 / 224
 Decrease 16 3.88% Decrease 4.05% Opposition
1989
4 / 224
 Increase 2 4.14% Increase 0.26% Opposition
1994
40 / 224
 Increase 36 16.99% Increase 12.85% Opposition
1999
44 / 224
 Increase 4 20.69% Increase 3.70% Opposition
2004
79 / 224
 Increase 35 28.33% Increase 7.64% Opposition,
later Government
2008
110 / 224
 Increase 31 33.86% Increase 5.53% Government
2013
40 / 224
 Decrease 70 19.89% Decrease 13.97% Opposition
2018
104 / 224
 Increase 64 36.22% Increase 16.33% Opposition,
later Government
2023
66 / 224
 Decrease 38 36.00% Decrease 0.22% Opposition

Lok Sabha elections

[edit]
Year Seats won +/-
1984
0 / 28
 Steady
1989
0 / 28
 Steady
1991
4 / 28
 Increase 4
1996
6 / 28
 Increase 2
1998
13 / 28
 Increase 7
1999
7 / 28
 Decrease 6
2004
18 / 28
 Increase 11
2009
19 / 28
 Increase 1
2014
17 / 28
 Decrease 2
2019
25 / 28
 Increase 8
2024
17 / 28
 Decrease 8

Leadership

[edit]
Main page: Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Karnataka

S. Mallikarjunaiah was the vice president of the BJP Karnataka state unit between 1980 and 1986.[24] He again held the post as BJP Karnataka state unit vice president 1990–1991.[24]

Nalin Kumar Kateel was appointed as the president of the Karnataka state unit of BJP on August 20, 2019.[25] Reportedly the outgoing president B. S. Yediyurappa had favoured Arvind Limbavali for the post, but the National General Secretary (Organisation) of the party B.L. Santosh had favoured Kateel due to his credentials as a RSS loyalist.[25] Soon after taking over as state unit president Kateel named Bhanuprakash and Nirmal Kumar Surana as Vice Presidents of the BJP state unit.[26] The two leaders, seen as part of the 'old guard' of the party, had been ousted from the state leadership in 2016.[26]

List of chief ministers

[edit]
No Portrait Name Constituency Term of office Assembly
1 B. S. Yediyurappa Shikaripura 12 November 2007 19 November 2007 7 days 12th
30 May 2008 4 August 2011 3 years, 66 days 13th
2 D. V. Sadananda Gowda MLC 5 August 2011 11 July 2012 341 days
3 Jagadish Shettar Hubli-Dharwad Central 12 July 2012 12 May 2013 304 days
(1) B. S. Yediyurappa Shikaripura 17 May 2018 23 May 2018 6 days 15th
26 July 2019 28 July 2021 2 years, 2 days
(total 5 years, 81 days)
4 Basavaraj Bommai Shiggaon 28 July 2021 15 May 2023 1 year, 291 days

List of deputy chief ministers

[edit]
No Portrait Name Constituency Term of office Chief Minister
1 B. S. Yediyurappa Shikaripura 3 February 2006 8 October 2007 1 year, 247 days H. D. Kumaraswamy
2 K. S. Eshwarappa Shimoga 12 July 2012 12 May 2013 304 days Jagadish Shettar
R. Ashoka Padmanaba Nagar
3 C. N. Ashwath Narayan Malleshwaram 20 August 2019 26 July 2021 1 year, 340 days B. S. Yediyurappa
Laxman Savadi MLC
Govind Karjol Mudhole

Opposition leaders in Legislative Assembly

[edit]
No Portrait Name Constituency Term of office Assembly Chief Minister
1 B. S. Yediyurappa Shikaripura 27 December 1994 18 December 1996 1 year, 357 days 10th H. D. Deve Gowda
J. H. Patel
2 Jagadish Shettar Hubli-Dharwad Central 26 October 1999 23 February 2004 4 years, 120 days 11th S. M. Krishna
(1) B. S. Yediyurappa Shikaripura 9 June 2004 2 February 2006 1 year, 238 days 12th Dharam Singh
(2) Jagadish Shettar Hubli-Dharwad Central 23 January 2014 17 May 2018 4 years, 120 days 14th Siddaramaiah
(1) B. S. Yediyurappa Shikaripura 25 May 2018 26 July 2019 1 year, 62 days 15th H. D. Kumaraswamy
Interim Basavaraj Bommai Shiggaon 4 July 2023 17 November 2023 136 days
3 R. Ashoka Padmanaba Nagar 17 November 2023 incumbent 1 year, 116 days 16th Siddaramaiah

Opposition leaders in Legislative Council

[edit]
No Portrait Name Term of office Chief Minister
1 D. H. Shankaramurthy 8 July 2002 16 June 2004 3 years, 138 days S. M. Krishna
16 June 2004 23 November 2005 Dharam Singh
2 D. V. Sadananda Gowda 17 May 2013 24 May 2014 1 year, 7 days Siddaramaiah
3 K. S. Eshwarappa 13 July 2014 17 May 2018 3 years, 308 days
4 Kota Srinivas Poojary 2 July 2018 26 July 2019 1 year, 24 days H. D. Kumaraswamy
25 December 2023 4 June 2024 162 days Siddaramaiah
5 Chalavadi Narayanaswamy 4 June 2024 incumbent 257 days

List of presidents

[edit]
No Name Period
1 A.K.Subbaiah 1980 1983 3 years
2 B. B. Shivappa 1983 1988 5 years
3 B. S. Yediyurappa 1988 1991 3 years
4 K.S. Eshwarappa 1993 1998 5 years
(3) B. S. Yediyurappa 1998 1999 1 year
5 Basavaraj Patil Sedam 2000 2003 3 years
6 Ananth Kumar 2003 2004 1 year
7 Jagadish Shettar 2004 2006 2 years
8 D. V. Sadananda Gowda 2006 2010 4 years
(4) K. S. Eshwarappa 28-Jan-2010 21-Mar-2013 3 years, 52 days
9 Pralhad Joshi 21-Mar-2013 8-Apr-2016 3 years, 18 days
(3) B. S. Yediyurappa 8-Apr-2016 20-Aug-2019 3 years, 134 days
10 Nalin Kumar Kateel 20-Aug-2019 10-Nov-2023 4 years, 82 days
11 B. Y. Vijayendra 10-Nov-2023 present 1 year, 123 days

Media and IT Cell

[edit]
Karnataka BJP News Channels

Majority of Karnataka's mainstream TV channels are affiliated to BJP, This channels are collectively known as Godi Media, This channels telecasts fabricated news, social media hoaxes, makes a special programs on Islamophobia, lables BJP opponents as anti-nationals.[27][28][29][30][31] Critics of Godi media allege that instead of practicing honest journalism, such media publishes fake news and inflammatory stories, which are often untrue, working in the interest of the BJP and Hindutva ideology of the Sangh Parivar.[32] The Human rights organization, People's Union for Civil Liberties (PUCL) reported that this channels, aided Hindutva activists with biased coverage, during the 2021 anti-Christian violence in Karnataka.[33][34] The News Broadcasting & Digital Standards Authority (NBDSA) called for several television news programmes to be taken down and fine paid, for their role in spreading Islamophobia and communal disharmony.[35][36]

Operation Kamala

[edit]

Operation Kamala, also known as Operation Lotus is a term coined in 2008, when India's former minister G. Janardhana Reddy in the state of Karnataka, used various strategies, including persuasion and financial incentives to secure support from legislators bypassing the anti-defection law, so as to take the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) past the majority number.[37][38][39][40][41] Operation Lotus refers to "poaching" or "bribing" of MLAs and MPs of other parties by the BJP, mainly of their rival the Indian National Congress party (INC), often to form government in states where they do not have the majority.[42]

2008

[edit]

The BJP won 110 seats in the assembly elections in May 2008, falling three seats short of a simple majority. With the backing of six independents, Yeddyurappa took the oath of office as chief minister to establish the first BJP administration in south India. But to further secure the stability of the administration, the BJP lured seven MLAs—three from the Congress and four from the JD(S) in an operation purportedly funded by mining tycoon and former BJP minister Janardhan Reddy of Bellary—by offering them money and power. The BJP scored five victories in the by-elections, bringing its total in the 224-member assembly to 115. Operation Kamala eventually became the name of the entire exercise.[43]

The MLAs who switched parties during the Operation Kamala and resigned are J. Narasimha Swamy, Anand Asnotikar, Jaggesh, Balachandra Jarkiholi, K. Shivanagouda Naik. Umesh Katti and D. C. Gourishankar.[44][45][46]

2019

[edit]

Main article: 2019 Karnataka political crisis

Ramesh Jarkiholi organized 14 other Congress MLAs to resign their posts.[47] Ramesh Jarkiholi was one of the 15 MLAs from Congress and 2 from JD(S) who resigned in July 2019, bringing down the HDK Congress-JD(S) coalition and allowing B.S. Yeddyurappa (BSY) to return to power.[48] After Supreme Court ruling held up their disqualification but allowed them to run, Jarkiholi joined BJP along with all other rebels inducted by Yeddyurappa and other important persons.[49][50][51][52][53]

Investigations

  • On 31 March 2021, the bench of Justice D'Cunha refused to quash the FIR against the sitting Chief Minister of Karnataka B. S. Yediyurappa in a case nicknamed Operation Kamala case.[54] At the time of the alleged incident, Yediyurappa was the leader of opposition.[55]

Reactions

  • In an interview with Deccan Herald in March 2019, B. S. Yediyurappa said "Operation Kamala was not wrong and I don't regret it. It is part of democracy."[56][57]
  • Lehar Singh Siroya claimed that the BJP cadre in the State was “by and large against the Operation Kamala” as that would not help the party in the long term.[58]
  • H. D. Kumaraswamy alleged that the BJP used Operation Kamala to affect the defections of MLAs from his government, causing it to fall.

Communal Violences

[edit]

2008 attacks on Christians

[edit]
St Ann's Friary Grotto after it was desecrated on 14 September

The 2008 attacks on Christians in southern Karnataka were the wave of attacks directed against Christian churches and prayer halls in the Indian city of Mangalore and the surrounding area of southern Karnataka in September and October 2008 by Hindutva organisations such as Bajrang Dal and Sri Ram Sena. The attacks were widely perceived by Christians in southern Karnataka to be revenge from far right-wing Hindutva organisations, because Mangalorean Christians had been outspoken about the 2008 anti-Christian attacks in Orissa. The Christian community of Mangalore accused the police of doing nothing to prevent attacks by Hindu radicals. Mangalore Police Superintendent N. Satheesh Kumar himself admitted that the police did have information that pro-Hindu organisations were planning to attack Christian places of worship in the district, but failed to do anything about it.[59] The Christian community accused the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) led state government for involvement in the attacks and backing the anti-Christian campaigns.[59] In response to the report that the police had information, Fr. Henry Sequeira, chancellor of the Mangalore Diocese said, "If the police knew about this in advance and still could not prevent the attacks, then we have no hope."[59]

2021 Anti-Christian violence

[edit]

The 2021 anti-Christian violence in Karnataka refers to the series of violence against Christians by right wing Hindutva groups in the Indian state of Karnataka during 2021 with the support of BJP led state government. The number of vigilantism increased after Basavaraj Bommai took office as the Chief minister of Karnataka in July 2021.[60] According to the Karnataka Communal Harmony Forum, over 120 communal incidents occurred in the districts of Udupi and Dakshina Kannada of Coastal Karnataka in 2021, the highest number in the previous four years.[61] The violence again intensified over the Christmas period when right-wing mobs disrupted Christmas celebrations.[62][63] The Human rights organisation, People's Union for Civil Liberties (PUCL) documented 39 violent incidents against Christians in Karnataka from January to November 2021, all carried out by Hindutva organizations such as the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), Hindu Jagrana Vedike, Bajrang Dal, and Banjara Nigama.[64][65][66] The violence included physical assaults, sexual assaults against women, church vandalism, filming the attacks and later circulating the videos to celebrate.[67][68]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ * Chatterji, Angana P.; Hansen, Thomas Blom; Jaffrelot, Christophe (2019). Majoritarian State: How Hindu Nationalism Is Changing India. Oxford University Press. pp. 100–130. ISBN 978-0-19-007817-1. Archived from the original on 14 April 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
  2. ^ a b Davies, Peter; Lynch, Derek (16 August 2005). The Routledge Companion to Fascism and the Far Right. Routledge. p. 103. ISBN 978-1-134-60952-9.
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  5. ^ Robert L. Hardgrave (13 March 2019). India Under Pressure: Prospects For Political Stability. Taylor & Francis. p. 137. ISBN 978-0-429-71661-4.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Paul Wallace; Ramashray Roy (5 May 2011). India's 2009 Elections: Coalition Politics, Party Competition and Congress Continuity. SAGE Publications. pp. 270, 272–273, 282. ISBN 978-81-321-0774-3.
  7. ^ a b Business Standard Political Profiles of Cabals and Kings. Business Standard Books. 2009. p. 188. ISBN 978-81-905735-4-2.
  8. ^ Ravi Bhushan (2003). Reference India: Biographical Notes about Men & Women of Achievement of Today & Tomorrow. Rifacimento International. p. 59.
  9. ^ a b c Harish Ramaswamy (2007). Karnataka Government and Politics. Concept Publishing Company. pp. 241, 254, 260. ISBN 978-81-8069-397-7.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i Katharine Adeney; Lawrence Saez (11 April 2007). Coalition Politics and Hindu Nationalism. Routledge. pp. 92–94. ISBN 978-1-134-23978-8.
  11. ^ a b Partha Sarathy Ghosh (1 January 1999). BJP and the Evolution of Hindu Nationalism: From Periphery to Centre. Manohar Publishers & Distributors. p. 111. ISBN 978-81-7304-253-9.
  12. ^ a b Sumantra Bose (16 September 2013). Transforming India. Harvard University Press. p. 71. ISBN 978-0-674-72819-6.
  13. ^ a b c Christophe Jaffrelot (1999). The Hindu Nationalist Movement and Indian Politics: 1925 to the 1990s : Strategies of Identity-building, Implantation and Mobilisation (with Special Reference to Central India). Penguin Books India. pp. 439, 444–445, 539, 542. ISBN 978-0-14-024602-5.
  14. ^ Thomas Blom Hansen; Christophe Jaffrelot (4 June 2001). The BJP and the compulsions of politics in India. Oxford University Press. p. 163. ISBN 978-0-19-565614-5.
  15. ^ Ananth V. Krishna (September 2011). India Since Independence: Making Sense Of Indian Politics. Pearson Education India. p. 409. ISBN 978-81-317-3465-0.
  16. ^ a b c M. L. Ahuja (1998). Electoral Politics and General Elections in India, 1952-1998. Mittal Publications. p. 107. ISBN 978-81-7099-711-5.
  17. ^ University of Madras (2003). Electoral politics and nation building in South Indian states. University of Madras. p. 157.
  18. ^ Wendy Doniger; Martha C. Nussbaum (9 February 2015). Pluralism and Democracy in India: Debating the Hindu Right. Oxford University Press. p. 167. ISBN 978-0-19-938093-0.
  19. ^ a b c d e Gopal K. Kadekodi; S. M. Ravi Kanbur; Vijayendra Rao (2008). Development in Karnataka: Challenges of Governance, Equity, and Empowerment. Academic Foundation. pp. 48–49, 98. ISBN 978-81-7188-619-7.
  20. ^ Kanta Murali (2 February 2017). Caste, Class and Capital. Cambridge University Press. p. 235. ISBN 978-1-107-15450-6.
  21. ^ a b c Amrita Basu (30 June 2015). Violent Conjunctures in Democratic India. Cambridge University Press. pp. 49, 108. ISBN 978-1-107-08963-1.
  22. ^ a b c d Walter Andersen; Shridhar D. Damle (15 June 2019). Messengers of Hindu Nationalism: How the RSS Reshaped India. Hurst. p. 398. ISBN 978-1-78738-288-6.
  23. ^ Kadekodi, Gopal K.; Kanbur, S. M. Ravi; Rao, Vijayendra (2008). Development in Karnataka: Challenges of Governance, Equity, and Empowerment. Academic Foundation. ISBN 978-81-7188-619-7.
  24. ^ a b H. D. Singh (1996). 543 faces of India: guide to 543 parliamentary constituencies. Newmen Publishers. p. 129.
  25. ^ a b Deccan Herald. Nalin Kumar Kateel new BJP state president
  26. ^ a b The Hindu. Two old guards back as BJP Karnataka unit vice-presidents
  27. ^ "Notice against Kannada news channel for running fake news". Deccan Herald. 16 April 2020. Retrieved 26 July 2022.
  28. ^ "No, RBI is not going to discontinue Rs 2000 currency notes; false message viral". Alt News. 9 October 2019. Retrieved 26 July 2022.
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  30. ^ Kajal, Kapil (21 March 2020). "How an advocacy group is pushing back on Kannada media's misreporting, bigotry". Newslaundry. Retrieved 26 July 2022.
  31. ^ Tiwari, Ayush (16 February 2020). "I braved 'Bharat Bodh' and lived to tell the tale". Newslaundry. Retrieved 26 July 2022.
  32. ^ Goel, Vindu; Gettleman, Jeffrey (2 April 2020). "Under Modi, India's Press Is Not So Free Anymore". The New York Times. Retrieved 10 February 2021.
  33. ^ "'Complicity of Police; Forced Conversion a Myth': PUCL on Attacks on Christians in Karnataka". The Wire. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  34. ^ "Cops, media worked with Hindutva groups in attacks on Christians, says report". The News Minute. 15 December 2021. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  35. ^ "News Broadcasting and Digital Authority Orders Times Now Navbharat, News18 India, Aaj Tak to Take Down 3 TV Shows". The Wire. Retrieved 2 March 2024.
  36. ^ Bureau, The Hindu (1 March 2024). "The NBDSA takes action against three TV news channels for violating guidelines on communal issues". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 2 March 2024. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  37. ^ Aji, Sowmya (16 May 2018). "After falling short of numbers, BJP revisits 'Operation Kamala' of 2008". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 22 March 2020. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
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  42. ^ "op-lotus-in-punjab-mlas-offered-25-crores-each-aap-minister-claims".
  43. ^ "DH DECIPHERS | What is Operation Kamala 2.0?". Deccan Herald. 15 January 2019.
  44. ^ "What is Operation Kamal?". 16 May 2018.
  45. ^ "A fraternal fight that brought down the Karnataka government and threatens the next one". The News Minute. 24 July 2019.
  46. ^ "'2008ರ ಆಪರೇಷನ್‌ ಕಮಲ': ಕೆಲವರು ತೆರೆ ಮುಂದೆ, ಹಲವರು ತೆರೆಮರೆಗೆ - ಮಂಕಾದ ರಾಜಕೀಯ ಕಲಿಗಳ ಬದುಕು". Vijay Karnataka (in Kannada).
  47. ^ "After denying BJP role in their defection, all Karnataka rebel MLAs to join ruling party". www.thenewsminute.com. 13 November 2019. Archived from the original on 5 August 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2019.
  48. ^ "The 15 MLAs who brought down Kumaraswamy government". The New Indian Express. Archived from the original on 24 July 2019. Retrieved 28 July 2019.
  49. ^ "16 rebel Karnataka MLAs join BJP day after SC verdict, CM Yediyurappa welcomes them". The Financial Express. 14 November 2019. Archived from the original on 5 August 2021. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
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Works cited

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Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 | Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party,_Karnataka
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