Bill McCracken

Bill McCracken

Personal information
Full name	William McCracken
Date of birth	(1883-01-29)29 January 1883
Place of birth	Belfast, Ireland
Date of death	20 January 1979(1979-01-20) (aged 95)
Place of death	Kingston upon Hull, England
Height	5 ft 9 in (1.75 m)[1]
Position(s)	Defender
Senior career*
Years	Team	Apps	(Gls)
1900–1904	Distillery
1904–1924	Newcastle United	432	(8)
International career
1902–1923	Ireland (IFA)	16	(1)
1902–1903	Irish League XI	2	(0)
1918	England (wartime)	2	(0)
1919	Ireland (wartime)	2	(0)
Managerial career
1923–1931	Hull City
1932–1933	Gateshead
1933–1936	Millwall
1937–1950	Aldershot
*Club domestic league appearances and goals

William Robert McCracken (29 January 1883 – 20 January 1979) was a Northern Irish footballer who played as a defender. He is famous for inventing the offside trap. He was a cousin of Robert McCracken who also had a career as a professional footballer.^[2]

During his career, McCracken captained both English club Newcastle United and the Ireland national side.^[3] McCracken played for Newcastle from 1904 to 1924, helping them win three Football League titles and one FA Cup. In total he played 432 games for the Magpies, scoring eight goals.^[4]

McCracken gained sixteen international caps (including one unofficial match against Scotland in 1903, but excluding two 'Victory matches' in 1919 against the same opposition), scoring one goal.^[5][6] His teammates while playing for Ireland included Archie Goodall, Billy Scott, Jack Kirwan and Robert Milne. During World War I he helped to arrange two fundraising matches featuring top players and turned out for the England XI in both, facing Ireland on the second occasion.^[7][8]

McCracken is one of just a few players whose actions have brought changes to the Laws of the Game when, as a right full back at Newcastle, he masterminded the technique of making opposition forwards ruled "offside" when the rules stated that three defenders must be between the attacking player and the goal line. So successful was McCracken's defensive ploy that the Offside Law was changed to "two defenders" between the foremost attacker and the goal line".^[9][10] Illustrious Italian coach Vittorio Pozzo, who had personally seen him play, praised much McCracken, in his own words, the master of fuori-giuoco (offside). According to Pozzo he even wrote a booklet to explain his "offside trick".

After leaving Newcastle he went on to become Hull City manager in 1923, and he took them to the FA Cup semi-final in 1930. He left the club a year later.

He later had a short term in charge of Gateshead, before managing Millwall from 1933 to 1936. He went on to manage the now defunct Aldershot, and later returned to Newcastle as a scout.^[3] In the 1970s, with McCracken in his 90s, he was scouting for Watford.^[11]

Distillery^[6]

• Irish Football League: 1902–03
• Irish Cup: 1903; runner-up: 1902

Newcastle United

• Football League: 1904–05, 1906–07, 1908–09
• FA Cup: 1910; runner-up: 1908, 1911