Canada (Minister of Employment and Immigration) v Chiarelli

Canada (Minister of Employment and Immigration) v Chiarelli
Supreme Court of Canada
Hearing: October 28, 1991 Judgment: March 26, 1992
Full case name	The Minister of Employment and Immigration v. Joseph (Giuseppe) Chiarelli
Citations	[1992] 1 S.C.R. 711
Docket No.	21920 [1]
Prior history	Partial judgment against the Minister of Employment and Immigration in the Federal Court of Appeal.
Ruling	Appeal allowed and cross‑appeal dismissed.
Holding
The most fundamental principle of immigration law is that non‑citizens do not have an unqualified right to enter or remain in the country. Parliament's requirement that a permanent resident only be allowed to remain in the country if they have not been convicted of a serious offence (one for which a term of imprisonment of five years or more may be imposed) is not arbitrary, and the mandatory requirement to deport permanent residents who do commit a serious offence without further consideration does not infringe principles of fundamental justice.
Court membership
Chief Justice: Antonio Lamer Puisne Justices: Gérard La Forest, Claire L'Heureux-Dubé, John Sopinka, Charles Gonthier, Peter Cory, Beverley McLachlin, William Stevenson, Frank Iacobucci
Reasons given
Unanimous reasons by	Sopinka J.

Canada (Minister of Employment and Immigration) v Chiarelli, [1992] 1 S.C.R. 711 is a leading Canadian case on the constitutionality of the deportation regime. The court held that the deportation a permanent resident who has violated a condition of admission to Canada does not violate any principle of fundamental justice under section 7 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.

Joseph (Giuseppe) Chiarelli was born in Italy in 1960 and arrived in Canada in 1975. In November 1984 he pleaded guilty to unlawfully uttering threats to cause injury and to possession of narcotics for purpose of trafficking. He served six months in prison.

In 1986 he was called to a hearing based on his violation of his permanent residency status for his previous convictions.

Justice Sopinka argued that the granting of permanent resident status was contractual in nature between the applicant and the state. "The most fundamental principle of immigration law is that non-citizens do not have an unqualified right to enter or remain in the country".^[2] Consequently, the state has the right to grant the privilege of enter, work, and access services of the country, and may grant them in exchange for conditions.

Reasoning has been criticized as children are equally bound despite them not consenting to the conditions. The argument for right to exclude was also criticized for its lack of consideration of international obligations such as duty against refoulement. ^[3]

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• Full text of Supreme Court of Canada decision at LexUM and CanLII