Cathedral of Mren

Cathedral of Mren
Mren in the early 20th century
Religion
Affiliation	Armenian Apostolic Church
Location
Location	Digor District
Shown within Turkey
Geographic coordinates	40°14′32″N 43°39′47″E / 40.242125°N 43.662953°E / 40.242125; 43.662953
Architecture
Type	Three-nave basilica with dome
Style	Armenian
Groundbreaking	631
Completed	639

The Cathedral of Mren is a 7th-century Armenian church in an abandoned medieval town site called Mren. It is located in the Kars region of Turkey, near the border with Armenia, about 1.5 km west of the Akhurian River.^[1]

The Cathedral of Mren is a domed triple-nave basilica, believed, on the basis of an inscription on its west facade and on stylistic features, to have been built 631–639. It was built by David Saharuni, an Armenian ally of the Byzantine emperor Heraclius, to celebrate the latter's entry into Jerusalem in 628.^[2] Following construction, the name of the Byzantine Emperor, Emperor Theodosius II was inscribed in the cathedral as well as listing him as "Prince of Armenia and Syria". It also featured the name of the Bishop Theophilus and the Prince of Armenia Nerses Kamsarakan.^[2] The cathedral has a number of frescos covering the return of the True Cross to Jerusalem by Emperor Heraclius. It was noted as being a rare example at the time of showing the Emperor in Byzantine art as being dismounted from his horse and wearing plain clothing, a reference to the story that Heraclius tried to carry the cross in on horseback in his robes but it was too heavy but when he removed his crown and dismounted then it became miraculously light.^[2] It also contains early examples of mediaeval wall paintings depicting Jesus and the Twelve Apostles.^[2] Following the decline of the Byzantine Empire, the cathedral came under Muslim control for two centuries. When Christian rule was returned to the area in the 10th-11th century, the cathedral was reconsecrated.^[3]

It is the largest surviving domed basilica from seventh century Armenian architecture.^[4] Over the years, it had eventually become abandoned due to its remote location and due to it being located near the Armenia–Turkey border which had been closed, requiring official Turkish government permission to visit the site, which was rarely given.^[1] In 2008, the south wall collapsed, leaving the cathedral's structure unstable.^[5][6] In 2014, the World Monuments Fund surveyed the site with the Turkish Ministry of Culture in order to protect it.^[7]

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  Path leading from village Karabağ to city of Mren
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  Collapsed side aisle
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  Portal with relief
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  Facade with khachkars
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  Lintel with relief
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  Side aisle
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  Apse

• Odzun Church, an architecturally similar and contemporaneous three-nave basilica with dome in Odzun, Armenia
• Ani Cathedral, another ruined Armenian church near Mren

• Kouymjian, Dickran. "Index of Armenian Art: Armenian Architecture – Mren". Armenian Studies Program. California State University, Fresno. Archived from the original on 20 June 2008.
• Maranci, Christina, "New Observations on the Frescoes at Mren," Revue des Études Arméniennes 35 (2013): 203–225.
• Thierry, Michel and Nicole, "La cathédral de Mren et sa decoration," Cahiers Archaéologiques 21 (1971): 43–77.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cathedral of Mren.

• The Cathedral of Mren on VirtualAni.org
• Mren Cathedral Archived 2020-06-26 at the Wayback Machine at the Rensselaer Digital Collections
• 3D model of Mren Archived 2012-10-13 at the Wayback Machine