Cetacean morbillivirus

Cetacean morbillivirus
Virus classification
(unranked):	Virus
Realm:	Riboviria
Kingdom:	Orthornavirae
Phylum:	Negarnaviricota
Class:	Monjiviricetes
Order:	Mononegavirales
Family:	Paramyxoviridae
Genus:	Morbillivirus
Species:	Morbillivirus ceti
Strains
	Dolphin morbillivirus (DMV); Pilot whale morbillivirus (PWMV); Porpoise morbillivirus (PMV);

Cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) is a virus that infects marine mammals in the order Cetacea, which includes dolphins, porpoises and whales.^[1] Three genetically distinct strains have been identified: dolphin morbillivirus (DMV), pilot whale morbillivirus (PWMV) and porpoise morbillivirus (PMV).^[2] Symptoms of infection are often a severe combination of pneumonia, encephalitis and damage to the immune system, which greatly impair the cetacean's ability to swim and stay afloat unassisted.^[3]^[4] Since its discovery in 1987, CeMV has been responsible for numerous epizootics of mass mortality in cetacean populations.^[3] Epizootics of CeMV can be easily identified by a significant increase in the number of stranded cetaceans on beaches and shores.^[5]

References

^ Barrett, T. (1999). "Morbillivirus infections, with special emphasis on morbilliviruses of carnivores". Veterinary Microbiology. 69 (1–2): 3–13. doi:10.1016/S0378-1135(99)00080-2. PMID 10515262.
^ Bellière, E. N.; Esperón, F.; Fernández, A.; Arbelo, M.; Muñoz, M. J.; Sánchez-Vizcaíno, J. M. (2011). "Phylogenetic analysis of a new Cetacean morbillivirus from a short-finned pilot whale stranded in the Canary Islands". Research in Veterinary Science. 90 (2): 324–328. doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.05.038. PMID 20576281.
^ ^a ^b Guardo, G. D.; Marruchella, G.; Agrimi, U.; Kennedy, S. (2005). "Morbillivirus Infections in Aquatic Mammals: A Brief Overview". Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series A. 52 (2): 88–93. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0442.2005.00693.x. hdl:11575/80640. PMID 15737178.
^ Stone, B. M.; Blyde, D. J.; Saliki, J. T.; Blas-Machado, U.; Bingham, J.; Hyatt, A.; Wang, J.; Payne, J.; Crameri, S. (2011). "Fatal cetacean morbillivirus infection in an Australian offshore bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)". Australian Veterinary Journal. 89 (11): 452–457. doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.2011.00849.x. PMID 22008125.
^ Peterson, B. (23 October 2013). "Dolphin-killing morbillivirus arrives in South Carolina". The Post and Courier. Retrieved 9 November 2013.

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[morbilli-1] Barrett, T. (1999). "Morbillivirus infections, with special emphasis on morbilliviruses of carnivores". Veterinary Microbiology. 69 (1–2): 3–13. doi:10.1016/S0378-1135(99)00080-2. PMID 10515262.

[three-2] Bellière, E. N.; Esperón, F.; Fernández, A.; Arbelo, M.; Muñoz, M. J.; Sánchez-Vizcaíno, J. M. (2011). "Phylogenetic analysis of a new Cetacean morbillivirus from a short-finned pilot whale stranded in the Canary Islands". Research in Veterinary Science. 90 (2): 324–328. doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.05.038. PMID 20576281.

[mass-3] Guardo, G. D.; Marruchella, G.; Agrimi, U.; Kennedy, S. (2005). "Morbillivirus Infections in Aquatic Mammals: A Brief Overview". Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series A. 52 (2): 88–93. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0442.2005.00693.x. hdl:11575/80640. PMID 15737178.

[austurs-4] Stone, B. M.; Blyde, D. J.; Saliki, J. T.; Blas-Machado, U.; Bingham, J.; Hyatt, A.; Wang, J.; Payne, J.; Crameri, S. (2011). "Fatal cetacean morbillivirus infection in an Australian offshore bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)". Australian Veterinary Journal. 89 (11): 452–457. doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.2011.00849.x. PMID 22008125.

[5] Peterson, B. (23 October 2013). "Dolphin-killing morbillivirus arrives in South Carolina". The Post and Courier. Retrieved 9 November 2013.

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