Cibola gneiss

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Cibola gneiss
Stratigraphic range: Statherian Pha. Proterozoic Archean Had.
Road cut in the Cebola Gneiss, Tijeras Canyon, New Mexico, USA
Type	Pluton
Lithology
Primary	Orthogneiss
Location
Coordinates	35°03′58″N 106°25′30″W / 35.066°N 106.425°W / 35.066; -106.425
Region	Tijeras Canyon
Country	United States
Type section
Named for	Cibola National Forest
Named by	Kelley and Northrop
Year defined	1975
Cibola gneiss (the United States) Show map of the United States Cibola gneiss (New Mexico) Show map of New Mexico

The Cibola gneiss is a pluton in central New Mexico. It has a radiometric age of 1653±16 Ma, corresponding to the Statherian period.

The unit was first defined by Kelley and Northrop in 1975.^[1] It has also been referred to as the Cibola granite. ^[2]

The pluton lies in the southern Sandia Mountains, with Sandia granite to the northwest and Seven Springs shear zone to the south. The pluton may include three compositionally distinct phases: a fine-grained, peraluminous, two-mica leucogranite with a radiometric age of 1632±45 Ma, a medium-grained equigranular monzogranite with a radiometric age of 1659±13 Ma, and a generally coarse-grained monzogranite with no reported age. The gneiss is locally mylonitic with a strong gneissic metamorphic fabric defined by alignment of micas. A typical modal composition is 35% quartz, 30% plagioclase, and 20% potassium feldspar, 7% muscovite, 6% biotite, 1% opaques, and 1% trace minerals. The trace minerals are actinolite, chlorite, epidote, andalusite, sphene, zircon, rutile, apatite, tourmaline, and limonite. The feldspar component becomes more alkalic close to the Sandia granite, with potassium feldspar and sillimanite coexisting only close to the contact.^[2] This may indicate metasomatism from the Sandia Granite.^[3]

The pluton contains xenoliths of quartzite, lithic arenite, amphibolite, and phyllitic schist that contain andalusite, kyanite, sillimanite, fibrolite, and retrograde chlorite. This suggests a metamorphic grade similar to the aureole of the nearby Manzanita pluton.^[2]

The pluton is interpreted as having been emplaced during caldera volcanism associated with the Mazatzal orogeny.^[4]

• Connolly, James R. (1992). "Structure and metamorphism in the Precambrian Cibola Gneiss and Tijeras Greenstone, Bernalillo County, New Mexico" (PDF). New Mexico Geological Society Field Conference Series. 33: 197–202. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
• Grambling, Tyler A.; Karlstrom, Karl E.; Holland, Mark E.; Grambling, Nadine L. (2016). "Proterozoic magmatism and regional contact metamorphism in the Sandia-Manzano Mountains, New Mexico, USA" (PDF). New Mexico Geological Society Field Conference Series. 67: 169–175. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
• Kelley, V.C.; Northrop, S.A. (1975). "Geology of the Sandia Mountains and vicinity, New Mexico". New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources Memoir. 29.