City of London (UK Parliament constituency)

City of London
Former borough constituency for the House of Commons
City of London in the Metropolis, 1868-85
1298–1885
Seats	four
1885–1950
Seats	two
Replaced by	Cities of London and Westminster (to form north-eastern part of)

The City of London was a United Kingdom parliamentary constituency. It was a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of England then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1950.

This borough constituency (or 'parliamentary borough/burgh') consisted of the City of London, which is at the very centre of Greater London. The only change by the Parliamentary Boundaries Act 1832 was to include The Temple.^[1]

Bounded south by the Thames, the City adjoins Westminster westward, enfranchised in 1545.^[2] In other directions a web of tiny liberties and parishes of diverse size adjoined from medieval times until the 20th century. Most of the population of Middlesex was beyond the city's boundaries. From the 17th century three of four new 'divisions' of Ossulstone Hundred adjoined the city reflecting their relative density – Holborn division and Finsbury division to the north and Tower division to the north-east and the east, all enfranchised in 1832.

London is first known to have been enfranchised and represented in Parliament in 1298. Because it was the most important city in England it received four seats in Parliament instead of the normal two for a constituency. Previous to 1298 from the middle of that century, the intermittent first parliaments, the area's households, officially, could turn to their Middlesex "two knights of the shire" – two members of the Commons – as to their interests in Parliament as the City formed part of the geographic county yet from early times wielded independent administration, its corporation.

The city was represented by four MPs until 1885, when this was cut to two, and in 1950 the constituency was abolished.

The City of London was originally a densely populated area. Before the Reform Act 1832 the composition of the City electorate was not as democratic as that of some other borough constituencies, such as neighbouring Westminster. The right of election was held by members of the Livery Companies. However the size and wealth of the community meant that it had more voters than most other borough constituencies. Namier and Brooke estimated the size of the City electorate, in the latter part of the 18th century, at about 7,000. Only Westminster had a larger size of electorate.

During the 19th and 20th centuries the metropolitan area of London expanded greatly. The resident population of the City fell. People moved to the new definitively urban expansion and suburbs; businesses moved in. However the City authorities did not want to extend their jurisdiction beyond the traditional "square mile" so the constituency was left unchanged as its resident population fell. By 1900 almost all electors in the City qualified through Livery Company membership and lived outside of the city. The business voters were a type of plural voter which when abolished by the Representation of the People Act 1948 meant the City became immediately under-sized in electorate, akin to the least-worst examples of pre-1832 "rotten and pocket boroughs".

In 1950 the area was merged for parliamentary purposes with the eldest parts of the neighbouring City of Westminster, to form the seat Cities of London and Westminster. The pre-1900 heavily subdivided city became simplified for the period 1907 and 1965 into one civil parish, before in that year this level of local government complication was taken away. Statutory protection applied between 1986 and 2011 to prevent division of the City between seats:

There shall continue to be a constituency which shall include the whole of the City of London and the name of which shall refer to the City of London"

— Parliamentary Constituencies Act 1986 Sch.2 Rule 3 (repealed, 2011)^[3]

See City of London (elections to the Parliament of England) for citizens known to have represented the City in Parliament before 1707

From	To	Name		Born	Died
1707	1715		Sir William Withers (T)	c. 1654	31 January 1721
1708	1710		John Ward (W)	c. 1650	12 March 1726
1710	1715		Sir Richard Hoare (T)	8 September 1649	6 January 1719
1710	1714		Sir George Newland (T)	c. 1646	26 March 1714
1710	1715		Sir John Cass (T)	28 February 1661	5 July 1718
1715	1722		Robert Heysham (W)	16 August 1663	25 February 1723
1715	1722		Sir John Ward (W)	c. 1650	12 March 1726
1715	1724		Peter Godfrey (T)	1665	10 November 1724
1715	1722		Sir Thomas Scawen (W)	c. 1650	22 September 1730
1722	1727		Richard Lockwood (T)	1676	30 August 1756
1722	1761		Sir John Barnard (W)	c. 1685	29 August 1764
1722	1727		Francis Child (T)	c. 1684	20 April 1740
1724	1727		Sir Richard Hopkins	...	2 January 1746
1727	1734		Sir John Eyles, Bt (W)	1683	11 March 1745
1727	1741		Micajah Perry (W)	...	22 January 1753
1727	1741		Humphry Parsons (T)	c. 1676	21 March 1741
1734	1741		Robert Willimot (T)	...	19 December 1746
1741	1747		George Heathcote (T)	7 December 1700	7 June 1768
1741	1747		Sir Daniel Lambert (T)	7 September 1685	13 May 1750
1741	1742		Sir Robert Godschall (T)	c. 1692	26 June 1742
1742	1754		Sir William Calvert (W)	c. 1703	3 May 1761
1747	1758		Slingsby Bethell (W)	16 March 1695	1 November 1758
1747	1754		Stephen Janssen (W)	...	1777
1754	1773		Sir Robert Ladbroke (T)	c. 1713	31 October 1773
1754	1770		William Beckford (T)	19 December 1709	21 June 1770
1758	1768		Sir Richard Glyn (T)	13 June 1711	1 January 1773
1761	1774		Hon. Thomas Harley (T)	24 August 1730	1 December 1804
1768	1774		Barlow Trecothick (RW)	c. 1718	28 May 1775
1770	1780		Richard Oliver	7 January 1735	16 April 1784
1773	1784		Frederick Bull (R)	c. 1714	10 January 1784
1774	1780		John Sawbridge (R)	1732	21 February 1795
1774	1781		George Hayley (R)	...	30 August 1781
1780	1780		John Kirkman	1741	19 September 1780
1780	1790		Nathaniel Newnham	c. 1741	26 December 1809
1780	1795		John Sawbridge	1732	21 February 1795
1781	1796		Sir Watkin Lewes	c. 1740	13 July 1821
1784	1793		Brook Watson	11 February 1735	2 October 1807
1790	1800		Sir William Curtis	25 January 1752	18 January 1829
1793	1800		Sir John Anderson, Bt	c. 1735	21 May 1813
1795	1800		William Lushington	18 January 1747	11 September 1823
1796	1800		Harvey Christian Combe	1752	4 July 1818

Note:-

• (a) Expelled

Election	Member		Party	Member		Party	Member		Party	Member		Party
1801		Sir William Curtis, Bt	Tory[4]		Sir John Anderson, Bt	Tory[4]		William Lushington	Non-partisan		Harvey Christian Combe	Whig[4]
1802								Sir Charles Price	Tory[4]
1806					Sir James Shaw, Bt	Tory[4]
1812								John Atkins	Tory[4]
1817 by-election											Sir Matthew Wood, Bt	Whig[4][5]
1818		Thomas Wilson	Tory[4]		Robert Waithman	Whig[4][6]		John Thomas Thorp	Whig[4]
1820					Sir William Curtis, Bt	Tory[4]		George Bridges	Tory[4]
1826		William Thompson	Tory[4]		Robert Waithman	Whig, Liberal[4][6]		William Ward	Tory[4]
1831								William Venables	Whig[4][7]
1832		George Grote	Radical[4][8]					Sir John Key, Bt	Whig[4][9]
March 1833 by-election					George Lyall	Conservative[4][10]
August 1833 by-election								William Crawford	Whig[4][5][8]
1835					James Pattison	Whig[4][5][11]
1841		John Masterman	Conservative[4][10]		George Lyall	Conservative[4][10]		Lord John Russell	Whig[4][12]
1843 by-election											James Pattison	Whig[4][11]
1847					Baron Lionel de Rothschild	Whig[12]
1849 by-election											Sir James Duke, Bt	Whig[13]
1857		Robert Wigram Crawford	Whig[14][15]
1859			Liberal			Liberal			Liberal			Liberal
1861 by-election								Western Wood	Liberal
1863 by-election								George Goschen	Liberal
1865											William Lawrence	Liberal
1868					Charles Bell	Conservative
1869 by-election					Baron Lionel de Rothschild	Liberal
1874		William Cotton	Conservative		Philip Twells	Conservative					John Hubbard	Conservative
1880					Sir Robert Fowler, Bt	Conservative		William Lawrence	Liberal
1885	reduced to two seats

Election	Member		Party	Member		Party
1885		John Hubbard	Conservative		Sir Robert Fowler, Bt	Conservative
1887 by-election		Thomas Charles Baring	Conservative
Apr 1891 by-election		Hucks Gibbs	Conservative
Jun 1891 by-election					Sir Reginald Hanson, Bt	Conservative
1892		Alban Gibbs	Conservative
1900					Sir Joseph Dimsdale (C)	Conservative
1906					Sir Edward Clarke	Conservative
Feb 1906 by-election		Arthur Balfour	Conservative
Jun 1906 by-election					Sir Frederick Banbury, Bt	Conservative
1918			Coalition Conservative			Coalition Conservative
1922 by-election		Edward Grenfell	Conservative
1922						Conservative
1924 by-election					Sir Vansittart Bowater, Bt	Conservative
1935 by-election		Sir Alan Anderson	Conservative
1938 by-election					Sir George Broadbridge, Bt	Conservative
1940 by-election		Sir Andrew Duncan	National
1945 by-election					Ralph Assheton	Conservative
1950	Constituency abolished

In multi-member elections the bloc voting system was used. Voters could cast a vote for one to four (or up to two in two-member elections 1885–1950) candidates, as they chose. The leading candidates with the largest number of votes were elected. In 1868 the limited vote was introduced, which restricted an individual elector to using one, two or three votes, in elections to fill four seats.

In by-elections, to fill a single-seat, the first past the post system applied.

After 1832, when registration of voters was introduced, a turnout figure is given for contested elections. In multi-member elections, when the exact number of participating voters is unknown, this is calculated by dividing the number of votes by four (to 1868), three (1868–1885) and two thereafter. To the extent that electors did not use all their votes this will be an underestimate of turnout.

Where a party had more than one candidate in one or both of a pair of successive elections change is calculated for each individual candidate, otherwise change is based on the party vote.

Candidates for whom no party has been identified are classified as non-partisan. The candidate might have been associated with a party or faction in Parliament or consider himself to belong to a particular political tradition. Political parties before the 19th century were not as cohesive or organised as they later became. Contemporary commentators (even the reputed leaders of parties or factions) in the 18th century did not necessarily agree who the party supporters were. The traditional parties, which had arisen in the late 17th century, became increasingly irrelevant to politics in the 18th century (particularly after 1760), although for some contests in some constituencies party labels were still used. It was only towards the end of the century that party labels began to acquire some meaning again, although this process was by no means complete for several more generations.

Sources: The results are based on the History of Parliament Trust's volumes on the House of Commons in various periods from 1715 to 1820, Stooks Smith from 1820 until 1832 and Craig from 1832. Where Stooks Smith gives additional information this is indicated in a note. See references below for further details of these sources.

Dates of general and by-elections from 1660 to 1715 (excluding general elections at which no new MP was returned)

27 Mar 1660 19 Mar 1661 10 Feb 1663 17 Feb 1679 15 May 1685 9 Jan 1689 14 May 1689 11 Mar 1690 2 Mar 1693 25 Oct 1695

30 Jul 1698 1 Feb 1701 20 Mar 1701 24 Nov 1701 18 Aug 1702 17 May 1705 16 Dec 1707 14 May 1708 16 Nov 1710

1710s – 1720s – 1730s – 1740s – 1750s – 1760s – 1770s – 1780s – 1790s

General election 1713: City of London (4 seats)

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Tory	Richard Hoare	3,842	12.84	N/A
	Tory	George Newland	3,826	12.78	N/A
	Tory	John Cass	3,802	12.70	N/A
	Tory	William Withers	3,763	12.57	N/A
	Whig	John Ward	3,730	12.46	N/A
	Whig	Robert Heysham	3,688	12.32	N/A
	Whig	Peter Godfrey	3,657	12.22	N/A
	Whig	Thomas Scawen	3,625	12.11	N/A

• 6,787 voted. The losing candidates demanded a scrutiny, which did not change the result. (Source: Copy of the pollbook)

General election 29 January 1715: City of London (4 seats)

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Whig	Robert Heysham	3,499	13.86	N/A
	Whig	John Ward	3,475	13.76	N/A
	Tory	Peter Godfrey	3,471	13.75	N/A
	Whig	Thomas Scawen	3,439	13.62	N/A
	Tory	John Cass	2,884	11.42	N/A
	Tory	William Withers	2,879	11.40	N/A
	Tory	William Stewart	2,828	11.20	N/A
	Tory	George Mertinns	2,774	10.99	N/A

General election 9 May 1722: City of London (4 seats)

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Tory	Richard Lockwood	4,235	18.40	+18.40
	Whig	John Barnard	3,980	17.29	+17.29
	Tory	Peter Godfrey	3,852	16.74	+2.99
	Tory	Francis Child	3,784	16.44	+16.44
	Tory	Humphrey Parsons	3,593	15.61	+15.61
	Whig	Robert Heysham	3,573	15.52	+1.66

• After a scrutiny the members returned were unchanged and vote totals were amended to Lockwood 4,025; Barnard 3,840; Godfrey 3,723; Child 3,575; Heysham 3,441; Parsons 3,393.
• Death of Godfrey 10 November 1724

By-Election 11 December 1724: City of London

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Nonpartisan	Richard Hopkins	3,332	53.37	+53.37
	Nonpartisan	Charles Goodfellow	2,911	46.63	+46.63
Majority			421	6.74	N/A
	Nonpartisan gain from Tory		Swing	N/A

General election 24 November 1727: City of London (4 seats)

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Whig	John Eyles	3,643	13.71	+13.71
	Whig	John Barnard	3,620	13.62	−3.67
	Whig	Micajah Perry	3,494	13.15	+13.15
	Tory	Humphry Parsons	3,370	12.68	−2.93
	Nonpartisan	John Thompson	3,340	12.57	+12.57
	Tory	Richard Lockwood	3,086	11.61	−6.79
	Nonpartisan	John Williams	3,017	11.35	+11.35
	Nonpartisan	Richard Hopkins	3,010	11.32	+11.32

• After a scrutiny the members returned were unchanged and vote totals were amended to Eyles 3,539; Barnard 3,514; Perry 3,396; Parsons 3,255; Thompson 3,244; Lockwood 2,977; Hopkins 2,921; Williams 2,914.

General election 10 May 1734: City of London (4 seats)

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Tory	Humphrey Parsons	3,932	21.92	+9.24
	Whig	John Barnard	3,841	21.41	+7.79
	Whig	Micajah Perry	3,725	20.76	+7.61
	Tory	Robert Willimot	2,984	16.63	+16.63
	Tory	John Barber	2,381	13.27	+13.27
	Tory	Robert Godschall	1,078	6.01	+6.01

• Note (1734): Poll 7 days (Source: Stooks Smith)

General election 13 May 1741: City of London (4 seats)

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Whig	John Barnard	3,769	21.35	−0.06
	Tory	George Heathcote	3,322	18.82	+18.82
	Tory	Daniel Lambert	3,217	18.23	+18.23
	Tory	Robert Godschall	3,143	17.81	+11.80
	Whig	Micajah Perry	1,713	9.71	−11.05
	Nonpartisan	Edward Bellamy	1,312	7.43	+7.43
	Nonpartisan	Edward Vernon	1,175	6.66	+6.66

• Note (1741): Poll 7 days (Source: Stooks Smith)
• Death of Godschall 26 June 1742

By-Election 13 July 1742: City of London

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Whig	William Calvert	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Whig gain from Tory		Swing	N/A

General election 10 July 1747: City of London (4 seats)

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Whig	William Calvert	3,806	20.85	+20.85
	Whig	John Barnard	3,781	20.71	−0.64
	Whig	Slingsby Bethell	3,146	17.23	+17.23
	Whig	Stephen Janssen	3,008	16.48	+16.48
	Tory	Daniel Lambert	2,530	13.86	−4.37
	Tory	Robert Ladbroke	1,986	10.88	+10.88

General election 7 May 1754: City of London (4 seats)

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Whig	John Barnard	3,553	18.96	−1.75
	Whig	Slingsby Bethell	3,547	18.93	+1.70
	Tory	Robert Ladbroke	3,390	18.09	+7.21
	Tory	William Beckford	2,941	15.70	+15.70
	Tory	Richard Glyn	2,655	14.17	+14.17
	Whig	William Calvert	2,650	14.14	−6.71

• Note (1754): Poll 7 days, 5,931 voted (Source: Stooks Smith)
• Death of Bethell 1 November 1758

By-Election 30 November 1758: City of London

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Tory	Richard Glyn	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Tory gain from Whig		Swing	N/A

General election 4 April 1761: City of London (4 seats)

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Tory	Robert Ladbroke	4,306	23.36	+5.27
	Tory	Thomas Harley	3,983	21.61	+21.61
	Tory	William Beckford	3,663	19.87	+4.17
	Tory	Richard Glyn	3,285	17.83	+3.66
	Whig	Samuel Fludyer	3,193	17.32	+17.32

• Note (1761): Poll 7 days (Source: Stooks Smith)

General election 25 March 1768: City of London (4 seats)

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Pro-Government	Thomas Harley	3,729	19.02	−2.59
	Independent Opposition	Robert Ladbroke	3,678	18.76	−4.60
	Nonpartisan	William Beckford	3,402	17.35	−2.52
	Rockingham Whigs	Barlow Trecothick	2,957	15.08	+15.08
	Nonpartisan	Richard Glyn	2,823	14.40	−3.43
	Nonpartisan	John Paterson	1,769	9.02	+9.02
	Radical	John Wilkes	1,247	6.36	+6.36

• Death of Beckford 21 June 1770

By-Election 11 July 1770: City of London

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Radical	Richard Oliver	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Nonpartisan hold		Swing	N/A

• Death of Ladbroke 31 October 1773

By-Election 23 December 1773: City of London

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Radical	Frederick Bull	2,695	52.07	New
	Nonpartisan	John Roberts	2,481	47.93	New
Majority			214	4.14	N/A
	Nonpartisan hold		Swing	N/A

General election 18 October 1774: City of London (4 seats)

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Radical	John Sawbridge	3,456	17.8	New
	Radical	George Hayley	3,390	17.5	New
	Independent Radical/Opposition	Richard Oliver	3,354	17.3	New
	Radical	Frederick Bull	3,096	15.9	New
	Nonpartisan	William Baker	2,802	14.4	New
	Nonpartisan	Brass Crosby	1,913	9.9	New
	Nonpartisan	John Roberts	1,398	7.2	New

General election 19 September 1780: City of London (4 seats)

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Nonpartisan	George Hayley	4,062	21.63	+4.16
	Nonpartisan	John Kirkman	3,804	20.26	New
	Nonpartisan	Frederick Bull	3,150	16.77	+0.83
	Nonpartisan	Nathaniel Newnham	3,036	16.17	New
	Nonpartisan	John Sawbridge	2,957	15.75	−2.06
	Nonpartisan	Richard Clarke	1,771	9.43	New

• Death of Kirkman 19 September 1780

By-Election 28 November 1780: City of London

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Nonpartisan	John Sawbridge	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Nonpartisan hold		Swing	N/A

• Death of Hayley 30 August 1781

By-Election 2 October 1781: City of London

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Nonpartisan	Watkin Lewes	2,685	53.05	New
	Nonpartisan	Richard Clarke	2,387	46.95	+37.50
Majority			309	6.10	N/A
	Nonpartisan hold		Swing	N/A

• Death of Bull 10 January 1784

By-Election 26 January 1784: City of London

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Nonpartisan	Brook Watson	2,097	66.78	New
	Nonpartisan	Brass Crosby	1,043	33.22	New
Majority			1,054	33.56	N/A
	Nonpartisan hold		Swing	N/A

• Note (1784 be): Poll 3 days (Source: Stooks Smith)

General election 7 May 1784: City of London (4 seats)

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Nonpartisan	Brook Watson	4,776	24.19	New
	Nonpartisan	Watkin Lewes	4,541	23.00	New
	Nonpartisan	Nathaniel Newnham	4,467	22.56	+6.49
	Nonpartisan	John Sawbridge	2,812	14.24	−1.51
	Nonpartisan	Richard Atkinson	2,803	14.20	New
	Nonpartisan	Samuel Smith	286	1.50	New
	Nonpartisan	William Pitt	56	0.31	New

• Note (1784): Poll 7 days. Mr Pitt was returned on the show of hands, but retired before the poll. (Source: Stooks Smith)

General election 26 June 1790: City of London (4 seats)

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Nonpartisan	William Curtis	4,346	22.16	+22.16
	Nonpartisan	Brook Watson	4,101	20.91	−3.28
	Nonpartisan	Watkin Lewes	3,747	19.10	−3.90
	Nonpartisan	John Sawbridge	3,686	18.79	+4.55
	Nonpartisan	Nathaniel Newnham	2,670	13.61	−9.02
	Nonpartisan	William Pickett	1,064	5.42	+5.42

• Note (1790): Poll 7 days (Source: Stooks Smith)
• Appointment of Watson as Commissary General

By-Election 6 March 1793: City of London

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Nonpartisan	John Anderson	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Nonpartisan hold		Swing	N/A

• Note (1793): Mr Newnham was a candidate, but declined to go to the poll. (Source: Stooks Smith)
• Death of Sawbridge 21 February 1795

By-Election 12 March 1795: City of London

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Nonpartisan	William Lushington	2,334	59.94	+59.94
	Nonpartisan	Harvey Christian Combe	1,560	40.06	+40.06
Majority			774	19.88	N/A
	Nonpartisan hold		Swing	N/A

• Note (1795): Poll 3 days (Source: Stooks Smith)

General election 2 June 1796: City of London (4 seats)

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Nonpartisan	William Lushington	4,379	20.97	+20.97
	Nonpartisan	William Curtis	4,313	20.66	−1.50
	Nonpartisan	Harvey Christian Combe	3,865	18.51	+18.51
	Nonpartisan	John Anderson	3,170	15.18	+15.18
	Nonpartisan	William Pickett	2,795	13.39	+7.97
	Nonpartisan	Watkin Lewes	2,356	11.28	−7.82

• Note (1796): Poll 7 days (Source: Stooks Smith)

1800s – 1810s – 1820s – 1830s – 1840s – 1850s – 1860s – 1870s – 1880s

General election 6 July 1802: City of London (4 seats)

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Whig	Harvey Christian Combe	3,377	23.91	+5.40
	Tory	Charles Price	3,236	22.91	+22.91
	Tory	William Curtis	2,989	21.16	+0.50
	Tory	John Anderson	2,387	16.90	+1.72
	Whig	Benjamin Travers	1,371	9.71	+9.71
	Nonpartisan	Watkin Lewes	652	4.62	−6.66
	Nonpartisan	William Lushington	113	0.80	−20.17

• Note (1802): Poll 7 days (Source: Stooks Smith)

General election 31 October 1806: City of London (4 seats)

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Whig	Harvey Christian Combe	2,294	24.11	+0.20
	Tory	James Shaw	2,275	23.91	+23.91
	Tory	Charles Price	2,254	23.69	+0.78
	Tory	William Curtis	2,213	23.26	+2.10
	Tory	John Atkins	314	3.30	+3.30
	Whig	John Hankey	164	1.72	+1.72

• Note (1806): Poll 3 days (Source: Stooks Smith)

General election 1807: City of London (4 seats)

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Tory	Charles Price	3,117	26.30	+2.61
	Tory	William Curtis	3,059	25.81	+2.55
	Tory	James Shaw	2,863	24.15	+0.24
	Whig	Harvey Christian Combe	2,588	21.83	−2.28
	Whig	John Hankey	226	1.91	+0.19

• Note (1807): Mr Hankey died on the afternoon of the first day's polling. All the candidates voted for him. (Source: Stooks Smith)

General election 5 October 1812: City of London (4 seats)

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Whig	Harvey Christian Combe	5,125	22.85	+1.02
	Tory	William Curtis	4,577	20.40	−5.41
	Tory	James Shaw	4,082	18.20	−5.95
	Tory	John Atkins	3,645	16.25	+16.25
	Whig	Robert Waithman	2,622	11.69	+11.69
	Whig	Matthew Wood	2,373	10.58	+10.58
	Nonpartisan	Claudius Hunter	8	0.04	+0.04

• Note (1812): Mr Hunter, the Lord Mayor of the City of London, retired before the poll. (Source: Stooks Smith)
• Resignation of Combe

By-Election 10 June 1817: City of London

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Whig	Matthew Wood	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Whig hold

General election 16 June 1818: City of London (4 seats)

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Whig	Matthew Wood	5,700	22.38	+11.80
	Tory	Thomas Wilson	4,829	18.96	+18.96
	Whig	Robert Waithman	4,693	18.43	+6.74
	Whig	John Thorp	4,335	17.02	+17.02
	Tory	William Curtis	4,224	16.58	−3.82
	Tory	John Atkins	1,688	6.63	−9.62

• Note (1818): Poll 7 days, 7,978 voted. (Source: Stooks Smith)

General election 7 March 1820: City of London (4 seats)

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Whig	Matthew Wood	5,370	19.22	−3.16
	Tory	Thomas Wilson	5,358	19.18	+0.22
	Tory	William Curtis	4,908	17.57	+0.99
	Tory	George Bridges	4,259	15.25	+15.25
	Whig	Robert Waithman	4,119	14.74	−3.69
	Whig	John Thorp	3,921	14.04	−2.98

• Note (1820): Poll 7 days (Source: Stooks Smith)

General election 9 June 1826: City of London (4 seats)

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Tory	William Thompson	6,483	24.71	+24.71
	Whig	Robert Waithman	5,042	19.21	+4.47
	Tory	William Ward	4,991	19.02	+19.02
	Whig	Matthew Wood	4,880	18.60	−0.62
	Whig	William Venables	4,514	17.20	+17.20
	Whig	Alderman Garrett	330	1.26	+1.26

• Note (1826): Poll 7 days. 8,639 voted. Alderman Garrett was proposed without his consent. (Source: Stooks Smith)

General election 1830: City of London (4 seats)^[4]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Tory	William Thompson	Unopposed
	Whig	Robert Waithman	Unopposed
	Tory	William Ward	Unopposed
	Whig	Matthew Wood	Unopposed
	Tory hold
	Whig hold
	Tory hold
	Whig hold

General election 29 April 1831: City of London (4 seats)^[4]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Tory	William Thompson	Unopposed
	Whig	Robert Waithman	Unopposed
	Whig	Matthew Wood	Unopposed
	Whig	William Venables	Unopposed
	Tory hold
	Whig hold
	Whig hold
	Whig gain from Tory

General election 12 December 1832: City of London (4 seats)^[4]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Radical	George Grote	8,412	23.9	N/A
	Whig	Matthew Wood	7,488	21.3	N/A
	Whig	Robert Waithman	7,452	21.2	N/A
	Whig	John Key	6,136	17.4	N/A
	Tory	George Lyall	5,112	14.5	N/A
	Radical	Michael Scales (politician)	569	1.6	N/A
Turnout			11,500	61.9	N/A
Registered electors			18,584
Majority			924	2.6	N/A
	Radical gain from Tory		Swing	N/A
Majority			1,024	2.9	N/A
	Whig hold		Swing	N/A
	Whig hold		Swing	N/A
	Whig hold		Swing	N/A

• Death of Waithman 6 February 1833

By-election, 27 February 1833: City of London^[4]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Tory	George Lyall	5,569	55.2	+40.7
	Whig	William Venables	4,527	44.8	−15.1
Majority			1,042	10.4	N/A
Turnout			10,096	54.3	−7.6
Registered electors			18,584
	Tory gain from Whig		Swing	+27.9

• Resignation of Key by accepting the office of Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds

By-election, 12 August 1833: City of London^[4]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Whig	William Crawford	4,041	66.8	+6.9
	Tory	Francis Kemble	2,004	33.2	+18.7
Majority			2,037	33.6	+30.7
Turnout			6,045	32.5	−29.4
Registered electors			18,584
	Whig hold		Swing	−5.9

General election 5 January 1835: City of London (4 seats)^[4]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Whig	Matthew Wood	6,418	16.9	−4.4
	Whig	James Pattison	6,050	15.9	−5.3
	Whig	William Crawford	5,961	15.7	−1.7
	Radical	George Grote	5,955	15.6	−8.3
	Conservative	George Lyall	4,599	12.1	+7.3
	Conservative	William Ward	4,560	12.0	+7.2
	Conservative	Thomas Wilson	4,514	11.9	+7.1
Turnout			11,456	62.6	−0.7
Registered electors			18,288
Majority			6	0.1	−2.8
	Whig hold		Swing	−4.9
	Whig hold		Swing	−5.4
	Whig hold		Swing	−3.6
Majority			1,356	3.5	+0.9
	Radical hold		Swing	−6.9

General election 1837: City of London (4 seats)^[4]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Whig	Matthew Wood	6,517	21.4	+4.5
	Whig	William Crawford	6,071	20.0	+4.3
	Whig	James Pattison	6,070	20.0	+4.1
	Radical	George Grote	5,879	19.3	+3.7
	Conservative	John Hinde Palmer	5,873	19.3	−16.7
Turnout			11,932	60.6	−2.0
Registered electors			19,678
Majority			191	0.7	+0.6
	Whig hold		Swing	+4.3
	Whig hold		Swing	+4.2
	Whig hold		Swing	+4.1
Majority			6	0.0	−3.5
	Radical hold		Swing	+3.9

General election 28 June 1841: City of London (4 seats)^[4][10]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	John Masterman	6,339	12.8	+8.0
	Whig	Matthew Wood	6,315	12.8	−8.6
	Conservative	George Lyall	6,290	12.7	+7.9
	Whig	John Russell	6,221	12.6	New
	Conservative	Matthias Wolverley Attwood	6,212	12.5	+7.7
	Whig	James Pattison	6,070	12.3	−7.7
	Whig	William Crawford	6,065	12.2	−7.8
	Conservative	John Pirie	6,017	12.1	+7.3
Turnout			12,383 (est)	64.9 (est)	+4.3
Registered electors			19,068
Majority			269	0.5	N/A
	Conservative gain from Radical		Swing	N/A
Majority			25	0.0	−0.7
	Whig hold		Swing	−8.2
Majority			225	0.5	N/A
	Conservative gain from Whig		Swing	+8.0
Majority			9	0.1	−0.6
	Whig hold		Swing	N/A

• Death of Wood 25 September 1843

By-election, 20 October 1843: City of London^[4][10]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Whig	James Pattison	6,532	50.6	+0.7
	Conservative	Thomas Charles Baring	6,367	49.4	−0.7
Majority			165	1.2	+1.2
Turnout			12,899	64.4	−0.5
Registered electors			20,030
	Whig hold		Swing	+0.7

• Appointment of Russell as Prime Minister and First Lord of the Treasury

By-election, 8 July 1846: City of London^[10]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Whig	John Russell	Unopposed
	Whig hold

General election 28 July 1847: City of London (4 seats)^[10]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Whig	John Russell	7,137	14.3	+1.7
	Whig	James Pattison	7,030	14.1	+1.8
	Whig	Lionel de Rothschild	6,792	13.6	+0.8
	Conservative	John Masterman	6,722	13.5	+0.7
	Whig	George Larpent[16]	6,719	13.5	+1.3
	Conservative	Robert Cooper Lee Bevan[17]	5,268	10.5	−2.2
	Conservative	John Johnson (London candidate)	5,069	10.1	−2.4
	Conservative	James William Freshfield	4,704	9.4	−2.7
	Radical	William Payne[18]	513	1.0	New
Turnout			13,437	67.0	+2.1
Registered electors			20,057
Majority			70	0.1	+0.1
	Whig hold		Swing	+1.7
	Whig hold		Swing	+1.7
	Whig gain from Conservative		Swing	+1.2
Majority			3	0.0	—
	Conservative hold		Swing	−0.4

• Note (1847): De Rothschild and Payne were classified as Reformer candidates. (Source: Stooks Smith)
• Resignation of de Rothschild to seek re-election after rejection of the Jewish Disabilities Bill

By-election, 4 July 1849: City of London^[10]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Whig	Lionel de Rothschild	6,017	68.1	+12.6
	Conservative	John Manners	2,814	31.9	−11.6
Majority			3,203	36.2	+36.1
Turnout			8,831	41.5	−25.5
Registered electors			21,270
	Whig hold		Swing	+12.1

• Note (1849): De Rothschild was classified as a Reformer candidate. (Source: Stooks Smith)
• Death of Pattison June 1849

By-election, 27 July 1849: City of London^[10]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Whig	James Duke	Unopposed
	Whig hold

General election 1852: City of London (4 seats)^[10]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	John Masterman	6,195	24.3	−19.2
	Whig	John Russell	5,537	21.7	+7.4
	Whig	James Duke	5,270	20.7	+6.6
	Whig	Lionel de Rothschild	4,748	18.6	+5.0
	Whig	Robert Wigram Crawford	3,765	14.8	+1.3
Majority			658	2.6	+2.6
Turnout			11,025 (est)	53.2 (est)	−13.8
Registered electors			20,728
	Conservative hold		Swing	−19.8
	Whig hold		Swing	+6.1
	Whig hold		Swing	+5.7
	Whig hold		Swing	+4.9

• Appointment of Russell as Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs

By-Election 3 January 1853: City of London^[10]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Whig	John Russell	Unopposed
	Whig hold

• Appointment of Russell as Lord President of the Council

By-Election 14 June 1854: City of London^[10]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Whig	John Russell	Unopposed
	Whig hold

• Appointment of Russell as Secretary of State for the Colonies

By-Election 3 March 1855: City of London^[10]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Whig	John Russell	Unopposed
	Whig hold

General election 27 March 1857: City of London (4 seats)^[10]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Whig	James Duke	6,664	22.4	+1.7
	Whig	Lionel de Rothschild	6,398	21.5	+2.9
	Whig	John Russell	6,308	21.2	−0.5
	Whig	Robert Wigram Crawford	5,808	19.6	+4.8
	Whig	Raikes Currie	4,519	15.2	N/A
Majority			1,289	4.4	N/A
Turnout			7,424 (est)	38.8 (est)	−14.4
Registered electors			19,115
	Whig hold		Swing	N/A
	Whig hold		Swing	N/A
	Whig hold		Swing	N/A
	Whig gain from Conservative		Swing	N/A

• Resignation of de Rothschild to seek re-election after rejection of the Jewish Disabilities Bill

By-Election 28 July 1857: City of London^[10]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Whig	Lionel de Rothschild	Unopposed
	Whig hold

General election 1859: City of London (4 seats)^[10]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	James Duke	Unopposed
	Liberal	Lionel de Rothschild	Unopposed
	Liberal	John Russell	Unopposed
	Liberal	Robert Wigram Crawford	Unopposed
Registered electors			19,026
	Liberal hold
	Liberal hold
	Liberal hold
	Liberal hold

• Appointment of Russell as Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs

By-Election 27 June 1859: City of London^[10]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	John Russell	Unopposed
	Liberal hold

• Creation of Russell as the 1st Earl Russell

By-election, 29 July 1861: City of London^[10]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Western Wood	5,747	52.3	N/A
	Conservative	William Cubitt	5,241	47.7	New
Majority			506	4.6	N/A
Turnout			10,988	59.2	N/A
Registered electors			18,562
	Liberal hold		Swing	N/A

• Death of Wood 17 May 1863

By-election, 2 June 1863: City of London^[10]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	George Goschen	Unopposed
	Liberal hold

General election 10 July 1865: City of London (4 seats)^[10]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	George Goschen	7,102	19.9	N/A
	Liberal	Robert Wigram Crawford	7,086	19.9	N/A
	Liberal	William Lawrence	6,637	18.6	N/A
	Liberal	Lionel de Rothschild	6,525	18.3	N/A
	Conservative	George Lyall	4,197	11.8	N/A
	Conservative	Robert Fowler	4,086	11.5	N/A
Majority			2,328	6.5	N/A
Turnout			10,529 (est)	67.8 (est)	N/A
Registered electors			15,534
	Liberal hold		Swing	N/A
	Liberal hold		Swing	N/A
	Liberal hold		Swing	N/A
	Liberal hold		Swing	N/A

• Appointment of Goschen as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster

By-election, 26 February 1866: City of London^[10]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	George Goschen	Unopposed
	Liberal hold

In 1868 the limited vote was introduced, which restricted an individual elector to using one, two or three votes, in elections of the City of London's four MPs.

General election 16 November 1868: City of London (4 seats)^[10]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	George Goschen	6,520	15.1	−4.8
	Liberal	Robert Wigram Crawford	6,258	14.5	−5.4
	Liberal	William Lawrence	6,215	14.4	−4.2
	Conservative	Charles Bell	6,130	14.2	+2.4
	Conservative	Philip Twells	6,099	14.1	+2.6
	Conservative	Sills John Gibbons	6,013	13.9	N/A
	Liberal	Lionel de Rothschild	5,995	13.9	−4.4
Turnout			12,328 (est)	61.1 (est)	−6.7
Registered electors			20,185
Majority			85	0.2	−6.3
	Liberal hold		Swing	−3.7
	Liberal hold		Swing	−4.0
	Liberal hold		Swing	−4.6
Majority			135	0.3	N/A
	Conservative gain from Liberal		Swing	+2.5

• Note (1868): Craig refers to R.N. de Rothschild, but Stenton confirms the candidate was L.N. de Rothschild
• Appointment of Goschen as President of the Poor Law Board

By-election, 21 December 1868: City of London^[10]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	George Goschen	Unopposed
	Liberal hold

• Death of Bell 9 February 1869

By-election, 22 February 1869: City of London^[10]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Lionel de Rothschild	Unopposed
	Liberal gain from Conservative

The limited vote was in use, which restricted an individual elector to using one, two or three votes, in elections of the City of London's four MPs.

General election 10 February 1874: City of London (4 seats)

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	William Cotton	8,397	18.7	+4.5
	Conservative	Philip Twells	8,330	18.6	+4.5
	Conservative	John Hubbard	8,210	18.3	+4.4
	Liberal	George Goschen	6,787	15.1	0.0
	Liberal	William Lawrence	6,654	14.8	+0.4
	Liberal	Lionel de Rothschild	6,490	14.5	+0.6
Majority			1,423	3.2	+2.9
Turnout			14,956 (est)	66.1 (est)	+5.0
Registered electors			22,626
	Conservative hold		Swing	+2.1
	Conservative gain from Liberal		Swing	+2.1
	Conservative gain from Liberal		Swing	+2.0
	Liberal hold		Swing	−2.2

• Note (1874): Craig refers to R.N. de Rothschild, but Stenton confirms the candidate was L.N. de Rothschild

General election 3 April 1880: City of London (4 seats)^[10]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	William Cotton	10,326	21.3	+2.6
	Conservative	Robert Fowler	10,274	21.2	+2.6
	Conservative	John Hubbard	10,256	21.2	+2.9
	Liberal	William Lawrence	5,950	12.3	−2.5
	Liberal	Richard Martin	5,837	12.1	−3.0
	Liberal	Walter Morrison	5,743	11.9	−2.6
Majority			4,306	8.9	+5.7
Turnout			16,129 (est)	67.1 (est)	+1.0
Registered electors			24,042
	Conservative hold		Swing	+2.6
	Conservative hold		Swing	+2.8
	Conservative hold		Swing	+2.8
	Liberal hold		Swing	−2.6

• Reduction of constituency to two seats, in the 1885 redistribution

1880s – 1890s – 1900s – 1910s – 1920s – 1930s – 1940s

General election 1885: City of London (2 seats)^[19]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Robert Fowler	12,827	38.8	+17.6
	Conservative	John Hubbard	8,802	26.7	+5.5
	Liberal	Stephen Low	5,817	17.6	+5.3
	Ind. Conservative	William Cotton	5,563	16.9	−4.4
Turnout			33,009	68.6	+1.5 (est)
Majority			2,985	9.1	+0.2
Registered electors			29,152
	Conservative hold		Swing	+7.5
	Conservative hold		Swing	+1.4

General election 1886: City of London (2 seats)^[19]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Robert Fowler	Unopposed
	Conservative	John Hubbard	Unopposed
	Conservative hold

Fowler was elevated to the peerage, becoming Lord Addington, requiring a by-election.

By-Election 27 July 1887: City of London^[19]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Thomas Charles Baring	Unopposed
	Conservative hold

Baring's death caused a by-election.

By-Election 18 April 1891: City of London^[19]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Hucks Gibbs	Unopposed
	Conservative hold

Fowler's death caused a by-election.

By-Election 3 June 1891: City of London^[19]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Reginald Hanson	Unopposed
	Conservative hold

General election 1892: City of London (2 seats)^[19]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Reginald Hanson	10,556	44.0	N/A
	Conservative	Alban Gibbs	9,258	38.5	N/A
	Ind. Conservative	James Ritchie (Conservative politician)	4,207	17.5	New
Majority			5,051	21.0	N/A
Turnout			13,490 (est)	41.3	N/A
Registered electors			32,664
	Conservative hold
	Conservative hold

General election 1895: City of London (2 seats)^[19]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Alban Gibbs	Unopposed
	Conservative	Reginald Hanson	Unopposed
	Conservative hold
	Conservative hold

General election 1900: City of London (2 seats)^[19]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Alban Gibbs	Unopposed
	Conservative	Joseph Dimsdale	Unopposed
	Conservative hold
	Conservative hold

1904 City of London by-election^[19]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Alban Gibbs	Unopposed
	Conservative hold

General election 1906: City of London (2 seats)^[19]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Edward Clarke	16,019	38.0	N/A
	Conservative	Alban Gibbs	15,619	37.2	N/A
	Liberal	Felix Schuster	5,313	12.7	New
	Liberal	Joseph West Ridgeway	5,064	12.1	New
Majority			10,306	24.5	N/A
Turnout			44,015	68.7	N/A
Registered electors			31,030
	Conservative hold		Swing	N/A
	Conservative hold		Swing	N/A

February 1906 City of London by-election^[19]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Arthur Balfour	15,474	78.9	+3.7
	Free Trader	Thomas Gibson Bowles	4,134	21.1	New
Majority			11,340	57.8	+33.3
Turnout			19,608	63.2	−5.5
Registered electors			31,030
	Conservative hold		Swing

June 1906 City of London by-election^[19]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Frederick Banbury	Unopposed
	Conservative hold

General election January 1910: City of London (2 seats)

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Arthur Balfour	17,907	45.0	+7.0
	Conservative	Frederick Banbury	17,302	43.4	+6.2
	Liberal	Hugh Bell	4,623	11.6	−13.2
Turnout			39,832	74.7	+6.0
Registered electors			30,010
Majority			12,679	31.8	+7.3
	Conservative hold
	Conservative hold

General election December 1910: City of London (2 seats)

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Arthur Balfour	Unopposed
	Conservative	Frederick Banbury	Unopposed
	Conservative hold
	Conservative hold

General election 1918: City of London (2 seats)

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
C	Unionist	Arthur Balfour	Unopposed
C	Unionist	Frederick Banbury	Unopposed
	Unionist hold
	Unionist hold
C indicates candidate endorsed by the coalition government.

1922 City of London by-election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Unionist	Edward Grenfell	10,114	62.08	N/A
	Ind. Unionist	Vansittart Bowater	6,178	37.92	New
Majority			3,936	24.16	N/A
Turnout			44,083	36.96	N/A
	Unionist hold		Swing	N/A

General election 1922: City of London (2 seats)

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Unionist	Frederick Banbury	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Unionist	Edward Grenfell	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Unionist hold

General election 1923: City of London (2 seats)

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Unionist	Frederick Banbury	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Unionist	Edward Grenfell	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Unionist hold

1924 City of London by-election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Unionist	Vansittart Bowater	12,962	70.11	N/A
	Liberal	Henry Bell	5,525	29.89	New
Majority			7,437	40.22	N/A
Turnout			18,487	41.89	N/A
	Unionist hold		Swing	N/A

General election 1924: City of London (2 seats)

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Unionist	Vansittart Bowater	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Unionist	Edward Grenfell	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Unionist hold

General election 1929: City of London (2 seats)

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Unionist	Vansittart Bowater	16,149	43.9	N/A
	Unionist	Edward Grenfell	16,092	43.7	N/A
	Liberal	Thomas Owen Jacobsen	4,579	12.4	New
Majority			11,513	31.3	N/A
Turnout			36,820	45.2	N/A
	Unionist hold		Swing	N/A

General election 1931: City of London (2 seats)

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Vansittart Bowater	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Conservative	Edward Grenfell	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Conservative hold

1935 City of London by-election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Alan Anderson	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Conservative hold

General election 1935: City of London (2 seats)

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Alan Anderson	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Conservative	Vansittart Bowater	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Conservative hold

1938 City of London by-election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	George Broadbridge	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Conservative hold

1940 City of London by-election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Andrew Duncan	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	National gain from Conservative

General election 1945: City of London (2 seats)

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Andrew Duncan	5,332	39.48	N/A
	Conservative	George Broadbridge	5,309	39.31	N/A
	Liberal	Andrew McFadyean	1,487	11.01	New
	Independent	S. W. Alexander	1,379	10.21	New
Majority			3,822	28.30	N/A
Turnout			10,851	63.9	N/A
	Conservative hold		Swing

1945 City of London by-election^[20]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Ralph Assheton	4,506	74.99	+35.68
	Liberal	Arthur Comyns Carr	1,503	25.01	+14.00
Majority			3,003	49.98	N/A
Turnout			6,009	51.58	−12.3
	Conservative hold		Swing

• Duration of English, British and United Kingdom parliaments from 1660
• List of parliamentary constituencies in London
• Cities of London and Westminster (UK Parliament constituency)

• Boundaries of Parliamentary Constituencies 1885-1972, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (Political Reference Publications 1972)
• British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (The Macmillan Press 1977)
• British Parliamentary Election Results 1885-1918, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (The Macmillan Press 1974)
• British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (The Macmillan Press 1977)
• The House of Commons 1715-1754, by Romney Sedgwick (HMSO 1970)
• The House of Commons 1754-1790, by Sir Lewis Namier and John Brooke (HMSO 1964)
• The Parliaments of England by Henry Stooks Smith (1st edition published in three volumes 1844–50), second edition edited (in one volume) by F.W.S. Craig (Political Reference Publications 1973)
• Who's Who of British Members of Parliament: Volume I 1832-1885, edited by M. Stenton (The Harvester Press 1976)
• The Times, various editions, was used to obtain dates of elections or unopposed returns and first names of candidates not available in the above books (from 1885 to 1910). The dates of declarations are used before 1885 and the dates of the General Election polling day from 1918.
• Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "L" (part 3)

Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by Tamworth	Constituency represented by the prime minister 1846–1852	Vacant until 1855 Title next held by Tiverton