Daura

Daura
LGA and Town
Daura Location in Nigeria
Coordinates: 13°2′11″N 8°19′4″E / 13.03639°N 8.31778°E / 13.03639; 8.31778
Country	Nigeria
State	Katsina
Local government area	Daura
Government
• Emir	Faruk Umar Faruk
Elevation	1,558 ft (474 m)
Time zone	UTC+1 (West Africa Time)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+1 (West Africa Time)

Daura is a town and local government area in Katsina State, northern Nigeria. It is the spiritual home of the Hausa people. The emirate is referred to as one of the "seven true Hausa states" (Hausa Bakwai)^[1] because it was, (along with Biram, Kano, Katsina, Zazzau, Gobir, and Rano), ruled by the descendants of Bayajidda's sons with Daurama and Magira (his first wife).^[2] The University of California's African American Studies Department refers to Daura, as well as Katsina, as having been "ancient seats of Islamic culture and learning."^[3]

Daura is the city that, according to legend (in about the 9th century), Bayajidda, a figure from Hausa mythology, arrived at after his trek across the Sahara.^[2] Once there, he killed a snake (named Sarki, meaning "King") who prevented the people from drawing water from the well, and the local queen, Magajiya Daurama, married him out of gratitude; one of their seven children was named Daura.^[2] The Kusugu Well in Daura where Bayajidda is said to have slain Sarki is protected by a wooden shelter^[4] and has become a tourist attraction.^[5]

In 1805, during the Fulani War, Daura was taken over by Fulani warrior Malam Ishaku, who set up an emirate. The Hausa set up rival states nearby, and the ruler of one, Malam Musa, was made the new emir of Daura by the British in 1904,^[1] While Fulani emirs reigned and established a rival kingdoms at Daure-Zango (Zango) and at Daure-Baure (Baure). Zango (founded in 1825) was the more prominent Hausa-Daura kingdom, and in 1903–04, after the British and French had divided the three Daura polities, the British installed Zango's king, Malam Musa, as the new emir of Daura. Part of former North-Central state after 1967, the traditional emirate was incorporated into Kaduna State in 1976.^[1] It became part of the newly created Katsina state in 1987.^[6] Faruk Umar Faruk became the 60th Emir of Daura on 28 February 2007 following the death of Sarkin Muhammadu Bashar dan Umaru.^[7]

The Daura Royal Palace 'Kangiwa' is a huge complex located at the Centre of the ancient city. It is a symbol of culture, history and traditions of 'Daurawa'. The Daura Emirate is referred to as one of the "seven true Hausa states" (Hausa Bakwai)^[1][8]

In 1805, during the Fulani War, Daura was taken over by Fulani warrior Malam Ishaku, who set up an emirate. The Hausa set up rival states nearby, and the ruler of one, Malam Musa, was made the new emir of Daura by the British in 1904.^[1] , the Emir of Daura still rules as a ceremonial hereditary monarch, and maintains a palace.^[9] Umar Faruk Umar became the 60th Emir of Daura on 28 February 2007 following the death of Sarki Muhammadu Bashar Dan Umaru.^[7]

Trade in Daura is primarily in sorghum, millet, onions, peanuts (groundnuts), cotton, and hides and skins; cattle, goats, sheep, horses, and donkeys are kept by its Hausa and Fulani inhabitants. Cotton weaving and peanut collecting (for export) are significant economic activities. The town is served by a government health office and a dispensary. However, Daura town became a Caravan Centre for salt and potash from the Sahara Desert and for cloth, slaves, leather, and agricultural produce from the south; but it never gained the political or military prominence of Katsina (49 miles [79 km] west) or of Kano (73 miles [117 km] south). Daura is one among the few where crops are grown all the year round. Apart from Government's encouragement and general incentives to both large and small scale, peasant farming over the years, has been quite commendable.

Daura is a Centre of both formal and informal education. The education system is the 6-3-3-4 system, which is practiced throughout the country (as well as by many other members of the Economic Community of West African States). The levels are Primary, Junior Secondary School (JSS), Senior Secondary School (SSS) and University. All children are offered basic education, with special focus now on the first nine years. Daura is home to various primary, secondary, postsecondary schools, and other vocational institutions that are either operated by the government or private entities. With higher institutions like the University of Transportation, Yusufu Bala Usman College, Sani Zango College of Health Technology, Federal Polytechnic among others.

The emir of Daura hosts a Durbar to mark and celebrate the two annual Muslim festivals Eid al-Fitr (to mark the end of the Holy Month of Ramadan) and Eid al-Adha (to mark the Hajj Holy Pilgrimage). In addition to these, he also hosts a Durbar of Gani which is celebrated often on the 12th day of Rabi' al-awwal, the third month in the Islamic calendar.

The Durbar culminates in a procession of highly elaborately dressed horsemen who pass through the city to the emir's palace. Once assembled near the palace, groups of horsemen, each group representing a nearby village, take it in turns to charge toward the emir, pulling up just feet in front of the seated dignitaries to offer their respect and allegiance.

The Hausa people (sometimes grouped with the Fulani as Hausa-Fulani) are the largest ethnic group.

Daura has many hospitals and medical facilities, The Daura healthcare system is generally divided into public and private sectors which provide medical services at the primary and secondary levels. Although the private hospitals are usually more expensive, it does not necessarily translate to better healthcare delivery.

Daura's population was estimated as 25,151 as of 1972.^[1] According to the MARA/ARMA organization, malaria affects Daura for four to six months of the year, and is "endemic and seasonal."^[10] In 2005, after an outbreak of measles in Katsina State, Daura became one of five training centers for workers who were to carry out immunization.^[11]

On vehicle license plates, Daura is abbreviated as DRA.^[12]

The dry season is oppressively hot and partially cloudy in Daura, whereas the wet season is oppressively hot and generally cloudy. The temperature rarely falls below 52°F or rises over 108°F throughout the year, often ranging from 57°F to 103°F. Daura's normal temperature

The hot season lasts for 2.3 months, from 10 March to 19 May, with an average daily high temperature of above 99°F. The hottest month of the year in Daura is April, with an average high temperature of 103°F and low temperature of 75°F.^[13]

The 2.4-month cool season, which runs from 17 July to 29 September, has an average daily maximum temperature of less than 88°F. Daura experiences its coldest month of the year in January, with an average low of 58°F and high of 90°F.^[14][13]

Over the course of the year, Daura's average percentage of cloud-covered sky varies significantly by season. At Daura, the clearer portion of the year starts about November 7 and lasts for 3.9 months, finishing about March 5. With 60% of the sky being clear, mostly clear, or partially cloudy on average, January is the clearest month of the year in Daura. March 5 is when the cloudier portion of the year starts, and it lasts for 8.1 months, finishing on November 7. In Daura, May is the cloudiest month of the year with an average of 69% of the sky being gloomy or overcast.^[13][14][15]

• Muhammadu Buhari, Military Head of State 1983–1985, and President of Nigeria 2015-2023.^[16]
• Faruk Umar Faruk, Current and 60th Emir of Daura.
• Sani Ahmed Daura, First Governor of Yobe State 1991–1998.
• Sani Zangon Daura, Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development 1999 – 2000, Minister of Environment 2000 – 2001.
• Ja'afar Mahmud Adam, Salafist Islamic scholar aligned with the Izala Society
• Salisu Buhari Daura, former Speaker of the House of Representatives of Nigeria.
• Lawal Musa Daura, former Director General of the Nigerian State Security Service.
• Mallam Mamman Daura, Editor of the New Nigerian (1969–1975), Chairman of Nigerian Television Authority (1984–1985), former board director and chairman of the Africa International Bank.
• Habu Daura, Acting Governor of Bayelsa State, from February to June 1997.
• Tijjani Dankawu Zangon Daura, former commissioner of commerce and industry in the old kaduna state(1984-1985), A politician that significantly engaged in the making of Muhammad Buhari's political career from 2002 when he joined politics to 2011, A member of the Habe Royal House of Daura (Bani Bawo).

• Daura Emirate
• Kusugu

• Nigeria: Daura's Tales of a Snake, Many Queens. Danjuma Michael, This Day (Lagos). 19 March 2009.

• Administrative divisions of Katsina State
• Global improvement of person initiative (GIOPINI) photos of projects in Daura