Eastern states of Australia

The eastern states of Australia are the states adjoining the east continental coastline of Australia. These are the mainland states of Victoria, New South Wales and Queensland, and the island state of Tasmania. The Australian Capital Territory and Jervis Bay Territory, while not states, are also included. On some occasions, the southern state of South Australia is also included in this grouping due to its economic ties with the eastern states.

Regardless of which definition is used, the eastern states include the great majority of the Australian population.^[1] They contain the federal capital Canberra and Australia's three largest cities Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane (all capitals of the respective east coast states). Of the 19 Australian cities with populations over 100,000 in 2021, 16 were located in the eastern states under the restricted definition (17 if including South Australia), which includes the two non-capital cities with a population over 500,000: Gold Coast, Queensland and Newcastle, New South Wales. In terms of climate, the area is dominated by a humid subtropical zone, with some tropical (Queensland) and oceanic climate (Australian Capital Territory, Victoria, New South Wales) zones. In most situations, the eastern states are defined as those who use Australian Eastern Standard Time (AEST), and that is the definition that this article will adhere to, unless noted.

Divisions between the east and west

There is only one major railway line linking the eastern states to Western Australia, the Trans-Australian Railway, which opened in 1917.

There is only one major highway linking the eastern states to Western Australia, the Eyre Highway which opened in 1942.

Since the 1980s, various governments have proposed building a high-speed rail in Australia. However, this rail would only connect the eastern states of Victoria, New South Wales and Queensland.^[2]^[3] Adelaide has often been included in the proposal and former Greens leader Bob Brown once said that a high speed rail connecting Perth was inevitable.^[4]

In 2015 international visitors in Australia spent $24.1 billion. The eastern states and territory made $20.5 billion of that total, or 85%.^[5]^[6] Likewise, the eastern states collected 8,588,000 (85%) individual visits to a state over that year, out of a possible 10,133,000.^[5]

Population

The combined population of Queensland, New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory, Victoria and Tasmania is 19,484,100, or 81% of Australia's population.^[7] These five states and territory cover 2,829,463 km², or 37% of Australia's total land area.^[8]

Cities

Greater Capital City Statistical Area (GCCSA) or Significant Urban Areas (SUA), with a population of over 30,000, from north to south:

City^[9]	State/territory	Population	Percentage of national population
Cairns	Queensland	178,649	0.80%
Townsville	Queensland	162,292^[10]	0.73%
Mackay	Queensland	85,040	0.36%
Rockhampton	Queensland	80,345	0.38%
Gladstone	Queensland	32,073	0.14%
Bundaberg	Queensland	70,540	0.32%
Hervey Bay	Queensland	48,680	0.22%
Sunshine Coast	Queensland	297,380	1.33%
Brisbane	Queensland	2,274,560	10.18%
Toowoomba	Queensland	113,625	0.51%
Gold Coast-Tweed Heads	Queensland/New South Wales	614,379	2.75%
Coffs Harbour	New South Wales	68,052	0.29%
Tamworth	New South Wales	41,810	0.18%
Port Macquarie	New South Wales	44,875	0.19%
Dubbo	New South Wales	36,622	0.16%
Newcastle-Maitland	New South Wales	430,755	1.83%
Orange	New South Wales	39,766	0.17%
Central Coast (Gosford)	New South Wales	304,753	1.36%
Bathurst	New South Wales	35,391	0.15%
Sydney	New South Wales	4,840,628	20.61%
Wollongong	New South Wales	289,236	1.23%
Bowral-Mittagong	New South Wales	37,495	0.16%
Nowra-Bomaderry	New South Wales	35,383	0.15%
Mildura-Wentworth	Victoria/New South Wales	49,836	0.21%
Wagga Wagga	New South Wales	55,364	0.24%
Canberra-Queanbeyan	Australian Capital Territory/New South Wales	422,510	1.80%
Albury-Wodonga	New South Wales/Victoria	87,890	0.37%
Shepparton-Mooroopna	Victoria	49,079	0.21%
Bendigo	Victoria	91,692	0.39%
Ballarat	Victoria	98,543	0.42%
Melbourne	Victoria	4,440,328	18.90%
Warragul-Drouin	Victoria	32,698	0.14%
Geelong	Victoria	184,182	0.78%
Traralgon-Morwell	Victoria	40,851	0.17%
Warrnambool	Victoria	33,856	0.14%
Devonport	Tasmania	30,445	0.13%
Launceston	Tasmania	86,393	0.37%
Hobart	Tasmania	219,243	0.93%
Total:		16,085,239	68.58%

References

^ Harvey, Nick; Caton, Brian (2010). "Human Impact on the Australian Coast.". Coastal Management in Australia. University of Adelaide Press. pp. 126–193. JSTOR 10.20851/j.ctt1sq5x5j.10.
^ "Turnbull plan to put Australia back on the slow road towards high-speed rail". The Age. 11 April 2016.
^ "Greens to push $40bn fast-rail link to Sydney". The Age. 22 April 2010. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012.
^ "Study on the impact of a high-speed rail line on Sydney Airport". The Sydney Morning Herald. 31 October 2010. Archived from the original on 7 November 2012.
^ ^a ^b "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 May 2016. Retrieved 21 April 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ "International Visitors In Australia: Year Ending December 2015" (PDF). Tourism Research Australia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 March 2016.
^ "Australian Demographic Statistics, Mar 2016". abs.gov.au. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 22 March 2016. Retrieved 23 September 2016.
^ "Area of Australia – States and Territories". ga.gov.au. Geoscience Australia. 15 May 2014. Retrieved 23 September 2016.
^ "Census of Population and Housing". 28 June 2022.
^ "2011 Census QuickStats: Townsville".

Eastern states of Australia

Divisions between the east and west

Population

Cities

See also

References

Further reading