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Edgar Allan Poe |
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The works of American author Edgar Allan Poe (January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849) include many poems, short stories, and one novel. His fiction spans multiple genres, including horror fiction, adventure, science fiction, and detective fiction, a genre he is credited with inventing.[1] These works are generally considered part of the Dark romanticism movement, a literary reaction to Transcendentalism.[2] Poe's writing reflects his literary theories: he disagreed with didacticism[3] and allegory.[4] Meaning in literature, he said in his criticism, should be an undercurrent just beneath the surface; works whose meanings are too obvious cease to be art.[5] Poe pursued originality in his works, and disliked proverbs.[6] He often included elements of popular pseudosciences such as phrenology[7] and physiognomy.[8] His most recurring themes deal with questions of death, including its physical signs, the effects of decomposition, concerns of premature burial, the reanimation of the dead, and mourning.[9] Though known as a masterly practitioner of Gothic fiction, Poe did not invent the genre; he was following a long-standing popular tradition.[10]
Poe's literary career began in 1827 with the release of 50 copies of Tamerlane and Other Poems credited only to "a Bostonian", a collection of early poems that received virtually no attention.[11] In December 1829, Poe released Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane, and Minor Poems in Baltimore[12] before delving into short stories for the first time with "Metzengerstein" in 1832.[13] His most successful and most widely read prose during his lifetime was "The Gold-Bug",[14] which earned him a $100 prize, the most money he received for a single work.[15] One of his most important works, "The Murders in the Rue Morgue", was published in 1841 and is today considered the first modern detective story.[16] Poe called it a "tale of ratiocination".[1] Poe became a household name with the publication of "The Raven" in 1845,[17] though it was not a financial success.[18] The publishing industry at the time was a difficult career choice and much of Poe's work was written using themes specifically catered for mass market tastes.[19]
Title |
Date |
First published in |
Notes
|
---|---|---|---|
"Poetry" | 1824 | Never published in Poe's lifetime | [20] |
"O, Tempora! O, Mores!" | 1825 | Never published in Poe's lifetime | Not authenticated,[21] attribution to Poe is likely incorrect[22] |
"Tamerlane" | July 1827 | Tamerlane and Other Poems | [23] |
"Song" | July 1827 | Tamerlane and Other Poems | [24] |
"Imitation" | July 1827 | Tamerlane and Other Poems | [24] |
"A Dream" | July 1827 | Tamerlane and Other Poems | [24] |
"The Lake" | July 1827 | Tamerlane and Other Poems | [23] |
"Spirits of the Dead" | July 1827 | Tamerlane and Other Poems | [23] |
"Evening Star" | July 1827 | Tamerlane and Other Poems | [23] |
"Dreams" | July 1827 | Tamerlane and Other Poems | [25] |
"Stanzas" | July 1827 | Tamerlane and Other Poems | [26] |
"The Happiest Day" | September 15, 1827 | The North American | [24] |
"To Margaret" | circa 1827 | Never published in Poe's lifetime | [27] |
"Alone" | 1829 | Never published in Poe's lifetime | [28] |
"To Isaac Lea" | circa 1829 | Never published in Poe's lifetime | [29] |
"To The River ——" | 1829 | Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane, and Minor Poems | [30] |
"To ——" | 1829 | Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane, and Minor Poems | Begins "The bowers whereat, in dreams..."[31] |
"To ——" | 1829 | Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane, and Minor Poems | Begins "Should my early life seem..."[31] |
"Romance" | 1829 | Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane, and Minor Poems | [24] |
"Fairy-Land" | 1829 | Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane, and Minor Poems | [24] |
"To Science" | 1829 | Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane, and Minor Poems | [32] |
"Al Aaraaf" | 1829 | Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane, and Minor Poems | [24] |
"An Acrostic" | 1829 | Never published in Poe's lifetime | [24] |
"Elizabeth" | 1829 | Never published in Poe's lifetime | [33] |
"To Helen" | 1831 | Poems by Edgar A. Poe | [33] |
"A Paean" | 1831 | Poems by Edgar A. Poe | [34] |
"The Sleeper" | 1831 | Poems by Edgar A. Poe | [34] |
"The City in the Sea" | 1831 | Poems by Edgar A. Poe | [34] |
"The Valley of Unrest" | 1831 | Poems by Edgar A. Poe | [34] |
"Israfel" | 1831 | Poems by Edgar A. Poe | [34] |
"Enigma" | February 2, 1833 | Baltimore Saturday Visiter | [35] |
"Fanny" | May 18, 1833 | Baltimore Saturday Visiter | [36] |
"The Coliseum" | October 26, 1833 | Baltimore Saturday Visiter | [37] |
"Serenade" | April 20, 1833 | Baltimore Saturday Visiter | [38] |
"To One in Paradise" | January 1834 | Godey's Lady's Book | [30] |
"Hymn" | April 1835 | Southern Literary Messenger | [39] |
"To Elizabeth" | September 1835 | Southern Literary Messenger | Republished as "To F——s S. O——d" in 1845[33] |
"May Queen Ode" | circa 1836 | Never published in Poe's lifetime | [40] |
"Spiritual Song" | 1836 | Never published in Poe's lifetime | [41] |
"Latin Hymn" | March 1836 | Southern Literary Messenger | [42] |
"Bridal Ballad" | January 1837 | Southern Literary Messenger | Originally published as "Ballad"[43] |
"To Zante" | January 1837 | Southern Literary Messenger | [32] |
"The Haunted Palace" | April 1839 | American Museum | [44] |
"Silence–A Sonnet" | January 4, 1840 | Saturday Courier | [45] |
"Lines on Joe Locke" | February 28, 1843 | Saturday Museum | [46] |
"The Conqueror Worm" | January 1843 | Graham's Magazine | [47] |
"Lenore" | February 1843 | The Pioneer | [48] |
"A Campaign Song" | 1844 | Never published in Poe's lifetime | [49] |
"Dream-Land" | June 1844 | Graham's Magazine | [47] |
"Impromptu. To Kate Carol" | April 26, 1845 | Broadway Journal | [50] |
"To F——" | April 1845 | Broadway Journal | Republished as "To Frances" in the September 6, 1845, issue of the Broadway Journal[33] |
"Eulalie" | July 1845 | American Review: A Whig Journal | [51] |
"Epigram for Wall Street" | January 23, 1845 | Evening Mirror | [52] |
"The Raven" | February 1845 | American Review: A Whig Journal | [53] |
"The Divine Right of Kings" | October 1845 | Graham's Magazine | [54] |
"A Valentine" | February 21, 1846 | Evening Mirror | Originally published as "To Her Whose Name Is Written Below"[55] |
"Beloved Physician" | 1847 | Never published in Poe's lifetime | Incomplete[56] |
"Deep in Earth" | 1847 | Never published in Poe's lifetime | Incomplete[57] |
"To M. L. S—— (1847)" | March 13, 1847 | The Home Journal | [33] |
"Ulalume" | December 1847 | American Whig Review | [58] |
"Lines on Ale" | 1848 | Never published in Poe's lifetime | [59] |
"To Marie Louise" | March 1848 | Columbian Magazine | [60] |
"An Enigma" | March 1848 | Union Magazine of Literature and Art | [58] |
"To Helen" | November 1848 | Sartain's Union Magazine | [33] |
"A Dream Within A Dream" | March 31, 1849 | The Flag of Our Union | [58] |
"Eldorado" | April 21, 1849 | Flag of Our Union | [61] |
"For Annie" | April 28, 1849 | Flag of Our Union | [58] |
"To My Mother" | July 7, 1849 | Flag of Our Union | [30] |
"Annabel Lee" | October 9, 1849 | New York Daily Tribune | Sold before Poe's death but published posthumously[62] |
"The Bells" | November 1849 | Sartain's Union Magazine | Sold before Poe's death but published posthumously[58] |
Title |
Publication date |
First published in |
Genre |
Notes
|
---|---|---|---|---|
"Metzengerstein" | January 14, 1832 | Philadelphia Saturday Courier | Horror / Satire | First published anonymously with the subtitle "A Tale in Imitation of the German"[13] |
"The Duc de L'Omelette" | March 3, 1832 | Philadelphia Saturday Courier | Humor | Originally "The Duke of l'Omelette"[63] |
"A Tale of Jerusalem" | June 9, 1832 | Philadelphia Saturday Courier | Humor | [64] |
"Loss of Breath" | November 10, 1832 | Philadelphia Saturday Courier | Humor | Originally "A Decided Loss"[64] |
"Bon-Bon" | December 1, 1832 | Philadelphia Saturday Courier | Humor | Originally "The Bargain Lost"[64] |
"MS. Found in a Bottle" | October 19, 1833 | Baltimore Saturday Visiter | Adventure | [65] |
"The Assignation" | January 1834 | Godey's Lady's Book | Horror | Originally "The Visionary", published anonymously[66] |
"Berenice" | March 1835 | Southern Literary Messenger | Horror | [39] |
"Morella" | April 1835 | Southern Literary Messenger | Horror | [39] |
"Lionizing" | May 1835 | Southern Literary Messenger | Satire | Subtitle: "A Tale"[39] |
"The Unparalleled Adventure of One Hans Pfaall" | June 1835 | Southern Literary Messenger | Adventure | [39] |
"King Pest" | September 1835 | Southern Literary Messenger | Horror / Humor | Originally "King Pest the First", published anonymously[67] |
"Shadow—A Parable" | September 1835 | Southern Literary Messenger | Horror | Published anonymously[67] |
"Four Beasts in One—The Homo-Cameleopard" | March 1836 | Southern Literary Messenger | Humor | Originally "Epimanes"[68] |
"Mystification" | June 1837 | American Monthly Magazine | Humor | Originally "Von Jung, the Mystific"[69] |
"Silence—A Fable" | 1838 | Baltimore Book | Horror / Fantasy | Originally "Siope—A Fable"[60] |
"Ligeia" | September 1838 | Baltimore American Museum | Horror | Republished in the February 15, 1845, issue of the New York World, included the poem "The Conqueror Worm" as words written by Ligeia on her death-bed[70] |
"How to Write a Blackwood Article" | November 1838 | Baltimore American Museum | Parody | An introduction to "A Predicament"[71] |
"A Predicament" | November 1838 | Baltimore American Museum | Parody | Companion to "How to Write a Blackwood Article," originally "The Scythe of Time"[71] |
"The Devil in the Belfry" | May 18, 1839 | Saturday Chronicle and Mirror of the Times | Humor / Satire | [72] |
"The Man That Was Used Up" | August 1839 | Burton's Gentleman's Magazine | Satire | [73] |
"The Fall of the House of Usher" | September 1839 | Burton's Gentleman's Magazine | Horror | [74] |
"William Wilson" | October 1839 | The Gift: A Christmas and New Year's Present for 1840 | Horror | [75] |
"The Conversation of Eiros and Charmion" | December 1839 | Burton's Gentleman's Magazine | Science fiction | [75] |
"Why the Little Frenchman Wears His Hand in a Sling" | 1840 | Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque | Humor | [76] |
"The Business Man" | February 1840 | Burton's Gentleman's Magazine | Humor | Originally "Peter Pendulum"[75] |
"The Man of the Crowd" | December 1840 | Graham's Magazine | Horror | [77] |
"The Murders in the Rue Morgue" | April 1841 | Graham's Magazine | Detective fiction | [16] |
"A Descent into the Maelström" | May 1841 | Graham's Magazine | Adventure | [76] |
"The Island of the Fay" | June 1841 | Graham's Magazine | Fantasy | [76] |
"The Colloquy of Monos and Una" | August 1841 | Graham's Magazine | Science fiction | [78] |
"Never Bet the Devil Your Head" | September 1841 | Graham's Magazine | Satire | Subtitled "A Tale with a Moral"[79] |
"Eleonora" | Fall 1841 | The Gift for 1842 | Romance | [80] |
"Three Sundays in a Week" | November 27, 1841 | Saturday Evening Post | Humor | Originally "A Succession of Sundays"[81] |
"The Oval Portrait" | April 1842 | Graham's Magazine | Horror | Originally "Life in Death"[82] |
"The Masque of the Red Death" | May 1842 | Graham's Magazine | Horror | Originally "The Mask of the Red Death"[83] |
"The Landscape Garden" | October 1842 | Snowden's Ladies' Companion | Sketch | Later incorporated into "The Domain of Arnheim"[84] |
"The Mystery of Marie Rogêt" | November 1842, December 1842, February 1843 (serialized)[69] | Snowden's Ladies' Companion | Detective fiction | Originally subtitled "A Sequel to 'The Murders in the Rue Morgue'"[85] |
"The Pit and the Pendulum" | 1842–1843 | The Gift: A Christmas and New Year's Present | Horror | [86] |
"The Tell-Tale Heart" | January 1843 | The Pioneer | Horror | [87] |
"The Gold-Bug" | June 1843 | Dollar Newspaper | Adventure | [88] |
"The Black Cat" | August 19, 1843 | United States Saturday Post | Horror | [89] |
"Diddling" | October 14, 1843 | Philadelphia Saturday Courier | Parody | Originally "Raising the Wind; or, Diddling Considered as One of the Exact Sciences"[90] |
"The Spectacles" | March 27, 1844 | Dollar Newspaper | Humor | [91] |
"A Tale of the Ragged Mountains" | April 1844 | Godey's Lady's Book | Science fiction, Adventure | [91] |
"The Premature Burial" | July 31, 1844 | Dollar Newspaper | Horror | [92] |
"Mesmeric Revelation" | August 1844 | Columbian Magazine | Science fiction | [93] |
"The Oblong Box" | September 1844 | Godey's Lady's Book | Horror / Ratiocination | [94] |
"The Angel of the Odd" | October 1844 | Columbian Magazine | Humor | Subtitled "An Extravaganza"[95] |
"Thou Art the Man" | November 1844 | Godey's Lady's Book | Detective fiction / Satire | [94] |
"The Literary Life of Thingum Bob, Esq." | December 1844 | Southern Literary Messenger | Humor | [94] |
"The Purloined Letter" | 1844–1845 | The Gift: A Christmas and New Year's Present | Detective fiction | [96] |
"The Thousand-and-Second Tale of Scheherazade" | February 1845 | Godey's Lady's Book | Humor | Meant as a sequel to One Thousand and One Nights[97] |
"Some Words with a Mummy" | April 1845 | American Review: A Whig Journal | Satire | [98] |
"The Power of Words" | June 1845 | Democratic Review | Science fiction | [99] |
"The Imp of the Perverse" | July 1845 | Graham's Magazine | Horror | [100] |
"The System of Doctor Tarr and Professor Fether" | November 1845 | Graham's Magazine | Humor | [101] |
"The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar" | December 1845 | The American Review | Horror / Science fiction / Hoax | Originally "The Facts of M. Valdemar's Case"[102] |
"The Sphinx" | January 1846 | Arthur's Ladies Magazine | Satire | [103] |
"The Cask of Amontillado" | November 1846 | Godey's Lady's Book | Horror | [104] |
"The Domain of Arnheim" | March 1847 | Columbian Lady's and Gentleman's Magazine | Sketch | Expansion of previous story "The Landscape Garden"[105] |
"Mellonta Tauta" | February 1849 | Godey's Lady's Book | Science fiction / Hoax | [106] |
"Hop-Frog" | March 17, 1849 | Flag of Our Union | Horror | Subtitled "Or, The Eight Chained Ourang-Outangs"[58] |
"Von Kempelen and His Discovery" | April 14, 1849 | Flag of Our Union | Hoax / Satire | [58] |
"X-ing a Paragrab" | May 12, 1849 | Flag of Our Union | Humor | [107] |
"Landor's Cottage" | June 9, 1849 | Flag of Our Union | Sketch | Originally "Landor's Cottage: A Pendant to 'The Domain of Arnheim'"[108] |
This list of collections refers only to those printed during Poe's lifetime with his permission. Modern anthologies are not included.
American journals that Edgar Allan Poe was involved with include: