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Electoral history of Joe Biden

From Wikipedia - Reading time: 24 min

Biden speaking into a microphone at a podium reading Biden President
Joe Biden at his presidential primary kick-off rally in Philadelphia, May 2019
This article is part of
a series about
Joe Biden
Personal
U.S. Senator from Delaware
47th Vice President of the United States
Vice presidential campaigns
46th President of the United States
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Appointments
Presidential campaigns

Joe Biden, the 46th president of the United States (2021–2025), has run for public office several times, beginning in 1970. He served as the 47th vice president (2009–2017), and as a United States senator from Delaware (1973–2009). Biden is the second oldest person elected president, and the first president from Delaware.[1] He is a member of the Democratic Party, one of two major parties in the United States.

Biden began his political career in 1970 in New Castle County, Delaware, by unseating incumbent County Councilman Lawrence T. Messick.[2] In 1972, at age 29, he became the seventh-youngest senator in American history when he was elected to the United States Senate in Delaware.[3] Between 1978 and 2008, he won re-election to the Senate six times, before resigning in 2009 to assume the role of Barack Obama's vice president, after they won the 2008 presidential election. They were re-elected to a second term in 2012. All of Biden's senatorial and county council campaigns were managed by his sister, Valerie Biden Owens. Owens also served as campaign manager for his first two presidential campaigns.[4]

Biden announced his candidacy for the 2020 Democratic presidential nomination on April 25, 2019. A total of 29 major candidates declared their candidacies for the primaries, but over time, the field narrowed down to Biden and Vermont Senator Bernie Sanders. Following Sanders withdrawing from the race, Biden became the presumptive nominee. He defeated incumbent president Donald Trump in the general election, with 306 electoral votes to Trump's 232. Biden was the first Democrat to win the states of Arizona and Georgia since the 1990s, and broke the record for votes cast for a presidential candidate. While he intended to run for re-election in 2024, following calls from various prominent Democrats, he withdrew from the race.

Biden has never lost a general election, though he failed to win the Democratic nomination for president in 1988 and 2008. All three of the winning Democratic presidential tickets of the 21st century had Biden on the ticket, either as president or vice president.[5]

County council election (1970)

[edit]

Biden's first election was in New Castle County, Delaware, for the fourth district of the New Castle County Council. He unseated Republican incumbent Lawrence T. Messick. At the time of Biden's election, the state's politics were dominated by Republicans. Biden's campaign was managed by his sister, Valerie Biden Owens.[2]

1970 New Castle County Council District 4 election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Joseph R. Biden, Jr. 10,573 55.41
Republican Lawrence T. Messick (incumbent) 8,192 42.93
American Kenneth A. Horner 317 1.66
Total votes 19,082 100.00
Democratic gain from Republican

U.S. Senate elections (1972–2008)

[edit]

Biden was elected to the United States Senate seven times between 1972 and 2008. Shortly after beginning his seventh term he resigned due to being elected Vice President.[7] As of January 22, 2025, Biden is the nineteenth longest serving Senator of all time, serving slightly over thirty-six years. Additionally he is the longest serving Senator from Delaware.[8] His sister Valerie served as campaign manager on all seven of his campaigns.[4]

1972

[edit]
1972 U.S. Senate map[9]
Biden:      50–60%
Boggs:      40–50%

After two years on the New Castle County Council,[10] Biden decided to challenge incumbent Republican Senator J. Caleb Boggs. Ted Kaufman, who worked on the campaign, recalled that he told Biden, "Joe, I've got to be honest with you; I really don't think you have much of a chance to win this race." The campaign had very little funding, and mostly relied on word-of-mouth marketing. On November 7, 1972, Biden upset Boggs by a margin of 3,162 votes.[11][12]

Shortly after the election, Biden's wife and children were in a car crash. His wife, Neilia, and daughter, Naomi, died, while his sons, Beau and Hunter, were hospitalized. Following the crash, Biden contemplated suicide and considered not taking his Senate seat.[13] He decided to take the seat after being convinced by Senate Majority Leader Mike Mansfield.[14]

1972 United States Senate election in Delaware[12]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Joe Biden 116,006 50.48
Republican J. Caleb Boggs (incumbent) 112,844 49.10
American Henry Majka 803 0.35
Prohibition Herbert B. Wood 175 0.08
Total votes 229,828 100.00
Democratic gain from Republican

1978

[edit]
1978 U.S. Senate map[15]
Biden:      50–60%

On November 7, 1978, Biden was re-elected, defeating Republican challenger James H. Baxter, Jr. Biden greatly improved on his 1972 margin, and won all three counties, flipping Sussex County away from the Republican Party.[15]

1978 United States Senate election in Delaware[16]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Joe Biden (incumbent) 93,930 57.96
Republican James H. Baxter Jr. 66,479 41.02
American Donald G. Gies 1,663 1.03
Total votes 162,072 100.00
Democratic hold

1984

[edit]
1984 U.S. Senate map[17]
Biden:      50–60%      70–80%

In 1984, Biden won re-election to a third term, defeating Republican challenger Delaware state house representative John M. Burris. Biden outperformed Democratic presidential nominee Walter Mondale's performance in the concurrent presidential election. Mondale lost the state to Republican President Ronald Reagan by over 50 thousand votes and twenty percent of the vote.[18] Biden later stated that he came very close to deciding not to run.[19]

1984 United States Senate election in Delaware[18]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Joe Biden (incumbent) 147,831 60.11
Republican John M. Burris 98,101 39.89
Total votes 245,932 100.00
Democratic hold

1990

[edit]
1990 U.S. Senate map[20]
Biden:      50–60%      60–70%

In 1990, Biden, like most incumbents in the 1990 United States Senate elections, was re-elected,[21] defeating M. Jane Brady, deputy Attorney General of Delaware. Brady decided to run because she felt that Biden's liberal voting record did not reflect the political positions of Delawareans.[22] Brady's campaign raised around $245,000; she was heavily outspent by Biden, who raised around $2,800,000.[23]

1990 United States Senate election in Delaware[24]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Joe Biden (incumbent) 112,918 62.68
Republican M. Jane Brady 64,554 35.83
Libertarian Lee Rosenbaum 2,680 1.49
Write-in 5 0.00
Total votes 180,157 100.00
Democratic hold

1996

[edit]
1996 U.S. Senate map[25]
Biden:      50–60%      60–70%

In 1996, Biden was re-elected to a fifth term, against Republican Ray Clatworthy. For the first time in his senatorial career, Biden's margin of victory decreased.[20][26] Despite this, Biden still greatly outperformed Democratic President Bill Clinton in the concurrent presidential election. Clinton received 51 percent of the vote, to Republican Senator Bob Dole's 36.5 percent and Reform candidate Ross Perot's 10.6 percent.[26]

1996 United States Senate election in Delaware[26]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Joe Biden (incumbent) 165,465 60.04
Republican Ray Clatworthy 105,088 38.13
Libertarian Lee Rosenbaum 3,340 1.21
Natural Law Jacqueline Kossoff 1,698 0.62
Total votes 275,591 100.00
Democratic hold

2002

[edit]
2002 U.S. Senate map[27]
Biden:      50–60%      60–70%
Clatworthy:      50–60%

Biden won re-election to another term, defeating Republican challenger Ray Clatworthy. For the second election in a row,[25][27] Biden's margin of victory decreased. Clatworthy managed to flip Kent County away from the Democrats.[20][27] Biden's victory made him the first Senator from Delaware to serve six terms in the Senate.[28]

2002 United States Senate election in Delaware[29]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Joe Biden (incumbent) 135,253 58.22
Republican Ray Clatworthy 94,793 40.80
Independent Party Bud Barros 996 0.43
Libertarian Raymond Buranello 922 0.40
Natural Law Robert E. Mattson 350 0.15
Total votes 232,314 100.00
Democratic hold

2008

[edit]
2008 U.S. Senate map[30]
Biden:      50–60%      70–80%

After ending his presidential bid in January 2008, Biden focused instead on running for a seventh Senate term.[31] On August 23, 2008, Democratic Party presidential nominee Barack Obama announced that he had selected Biden to serve as his vice presidential running mate.[32] Under Delaware law, Biden could run simultaneously for both his Senate seat and for vice president, which he decided to do.[33] Within minutes of the polls closing, the election was called for Biden.[34] He was re-elected in a landslide victory against Republican challenger Christine O'Donnell.[35][36] He again won all three counties, flipping Kent County back to the Democratic party.[27][30] He slightly outperformed Obama's victory in the state.[35]

Due to his and Obama's victory in the concurrent presidential election, Biden resigned from the Senate a few weeks after being sworn in.[7] Long-time Biden advisor Ted Kaufman was appointed to fill the vacancy. Kaufman decided not to run in the 2010 special election.[37] The election was won by Democrat Chris Coons, who served the remainder of Biden's term.[38]

2008 United States Senate election in Delaware[39]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Joe Biden (incumbent) 257,539 64.69
Republican Christine O'Donnell 140,595 35.31
Total votes 398,134 100.00
Democratic hold

Presidential and vice presidential elections (1984–2024)

[edit]

1984 Democratic primary

[edit]

Despite not running, Biden received one vote at the 1984 Democratic National Convention. Unpledged delegate Keron Kerr cast her vote for Biden because she enjoyed a speech he had performed in her home state, Maine, the previous year.[40]

The nomination was won by former Vice President Walter Mondale,[41] who lost to Republican incumbent Ronald Reagan.[42]

1988 Democratic primary

[edit]
See also: Joe Biden 1988 presidential campaign

In June 1988, Biden, then in his third Senate term, declared his intentions to run for president.[43] Originally, Biden was regarded as potentially one of the strongest candidates in the field.[44] However, following reports that he had plagiarized a speech by Neil Kinnock, the leader of the British Labour Party, he withdrew before the presidential primaries.[45]

The nomination was won by Michael Dukakis, who lost the general election to Republican George H. W. Bush.[46][47]

2008

[edit]
See also: Joe Biden 2008 presidential campaign

Presidential primaries

[edit]

On January 31, 2007, Biden announced his candidacy.[48] After finishing in fifth place in the Iowa caucus on January 3, 2008, garnering only one percent of the total vote, Biden ended his presidential bid.[49]

The Democratic parties of Florida and Michigan violated Democratic National Committee rules by moving their primaries before February 5, 2008, resulting in a nullification of their primaries, until the DNC Rules and Bylaws Committee voted to restore half their delegates.[50]

Excluding penalized contests:

2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries[51]
Candidate Votes %
Barack Obama 16,706,853 49.04
Hillary Clinton 16,239,821 47.67
John Edwards 742,010 2.18
Bill Richardson 89,054 0.26
Uncommitted 82,660 0.24
Dennis Kucinich 68,482 0.20
Joe Biden 64,041 0.19
Mike Gravel 27,662 0.08
Christopher Dodd 25,300 0.07
Others 22,556 0.07
Total votes 34,068,439 100.00

Including penalized contests:

2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries[51]
Candidate Votes %
Hillary Clinton 18,225,175 48.03
Barack Obama 17,988,182 47.41
John Edwards 1,006,275 2.65
Uncommitted 299,610 2.79
Bill Richardson 106,073 0.28
Dennis Kucinich 103,994 0.27
Joe Biden 81,641 0.22
Others 44,348 0.12
Mike Gravel 40,251 0.11
Christopher Dodd 35,281 0.09
Total votes 37,980,830 100.00

Nomination

[edit]

Following Illinois Senator Barack Obama's victory in the primaries, Biden, Virginia Senator Tim Kaine, and Indiana Senator Evan Bayh were shortlisted to be Obama's running mate.[52][53] On August 23, 2008, Obama officially nominated Biden to be his running mate.[54] At the 2008 Democratic National Convention, Biden was selected by acclamation as his running mate.[55]

2008 Democratic National Convention, vice presidential tally[56]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Joe Biden –[a] 100.00%
Total votes – 100.00%

General election

[edit]
Electoral College map of the 2008 presidential election[57]

Obama and Biden won the 2008 presidential election, defeating Republican nominees Arizona Senator John McCain and Alaska Governor Sarah Palin. Biden was elected the 47th Vice President of the United States.[58]

2008 United States presidential election[59]
CandidateRunning matePartyPopular voteElectoral vote
Votes%Votes%
Barack ObamaJoe BidenDemocratic69,498,51652.9136567.84
John McCainSarah PalinRepublican59,948,32345.6417332.16
Ralph NaderMatt GonzalezIndependent739,0340.5600.00
Bob BarrWayne Allyn RootLibertarian523,7150.4000.00
Chuck BaldwinDarrell CastleConstitution199,7500.1500.00
Cynthia McKinneyRosa ClementeGreen161,7970.1200.00
Others290,6260.2200.00
Total131,361,761100.00538100.00

2012

[edit]

Nomination

[edit]

At the 2012 Democratic National Convention Biden and Obama were re-nominated, Biden was again nominated by acclamation.[60]

2012 Democratic National Convention, vice presidential tally[60]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Joe Biden –[b] 100.00
Total votes – 100.00

General election

[edit]
Electoral College map of the 2012 presidential election[61]

Obama and Biden won re-election in the 2012 presidential election, defeating the Republican challengers Governor Mitt Romney and Representative Paul Ryan.[62]

2012 United States presidential election[59]
CandidateRunning matePartyPopular voteElectoral vote
Votes%Votes%
Barack Obama (incumbent)Joe Biden (incumbent)Democratic65,915,79551.0633261.71
Mitt RomneyPaul RyanRepublican60,933,50447.2020638.29
Gary JohnsonJim GrayLibertarian1,275,9710.9900.00
Jill SteinCheri HonkalaGreen469,6270.3600.00
Others490,5130.3800.00
Total129,085,410100.00538100.00

2020

[edit]
See also: Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign

Primaries

[edit]

In 2015, the final year of his Vice Presidency, following media speculation that he would seek the presidency in the 2016 United States presidential election. Biden denied the rumors, stating that his "window for a successful campaign has closed".[63]

First-instance vote by state and territory[64][65]

Biden announced his candidacy in the 2020 presidential election on April 25, 2019.[66] A total of 29 major candidates declared their candidacies for the primaries, the largest field of presidential candidates for any American political party since 1972.[67] He was initially considered to be among the strongest candidates,[68][69] though his chances diminished after poor performances in the Iowa caucus and New Hampshire primary.[70][69] However, he was considered the frontrunner after his wins in the South Carolina primary and on Super Tuesday.[71][68]

Eventually, the field narrowed down to Biden and Vermont Senator Bernie Sanders.[72] Eventually, Sanders withdrew from the race, and Biden became the presumptive Democratic nominee in April 2020,[73] reaching the delegate threshold needed to secure the nomination in June 2020.[74] During the campaign, Biden pledged to select a woman to be his running mate.[75] After his victory Senators Kamala Harris of California and Elizabeth Warren of Massachusetts were seen as the most likely candidates.[76][77] Biden eventually selected Harris.[78]

2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries[79]
Candidate Votes %
Joe Biden 19,076,052 51.79
Bernie Sanders 9,679,213 26.28
Elizabeth Warren 2,831,472 7.69
Michael Bloomberg 2,488,734 6.76
Pete Buttigieg 924,237 2.51
Amy Klobuchar 529,713 1.44
Tulsi Gabbard 273,940 0.74
Tom Steyer 259,792 0.71
Andrew Yang 170,517 0.46
Uncommitted 130,081 0.35
Michael Bennet 63,124 0.17
Julian Castro 37,037 0.10
Others 370,044 1.01
Total votes 36,833,956 100.00

Nomination

[edit]

At the 2020 Democratic National Convention, Biden received 75 percent of the delegate vote to Sanders' 24. Five delegates abstained from voting.[80]

2020 Democratic National Convention, presidential tally[80]
Candidate Votes %
Joe Biden 3,558 75.48
Bernie Sanders 1,151 24.42
Abstention 5 0.11
Total votes 4,714 100.00

General election

[edit]
Electoral College map of the 2020 presidential election[81]

After winning the Democratic nomination, Biden defeated incumbent president Donald Trump in the general election. He received 306 electoral votes to Trump's 232 becoming the 46th President of the United States.[82][83] He was the first Democrat to win the states of Arizona and Georgia since the 1990s.[84][85] Biden received more than 81 million votes, the most votes ever cast for a candidate in a U.S. presidential election.[83] Kamala Harris became the first woman to serve as the Vice President of the United States.[86]

2020 United States presidential election[87]
CandidateRunning matePartyPopular voteElectoral vote
Votes%Votes%
Joe BidenKamala HarrisDemocratic81,268,92451.3130656.88
Donald Trump (incumbent)Mike Pence (incumbent)Republican74,216,15446.8623243.12
Jo JorgensenSpike CohenLibertarian1,865,7241.1800.00
Howie HawkinsAngela Nicole WalkerGreen405,0350.2600.00
Others628,5840.4000.00
Total158,384,421100.00538100.00

2024

[edit]
See also: Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign

Primaries

[edit]
First-instance vote by state and territory[88][89]

In April 2023, Biden launched a bid for re-election to the presidency.[90][91] U.S. Representative Dean Phillips unsuccessfully challenged Biden in the 2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries.[92] Biden easily became the "presumptive nominee" of the Democratic Party on March 12, 2024.[93] Biden's only primary contest loss was in the U.S. overseas territory American Samoa against businessman Jason Palmer.[94]

The Florida primary was canceled after the Florida Democratic Party only submitted Biden's name to appear on the ballot.[95] The Delaware primary was canceled for the same reason.[96] Biden was awarded the delegates from both states.[88]

2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries[97]
Candidate Votes %
Joe Biden (incumbent) 13,931,767 87.26
Uncommitted 694,551 4.35
Dean Phillips 524,867 3.29
Marianne Williamson 461,732 2.89
Armando Perez-Serrato 80,781 0.51
Gabriel Cornejo 69,701 0.44
Stephen Lyons 41,740 0.26
Frank Lozada 36,571 0.23
President R. Boddie 24,773 0.16
Cenk Uygur 20,862 0.13
Jason Palmer 20,360 0.13
Terrisa Bukovinac 18,996 0.12
Others 39,350 0.25
Total votes 15,966,051 100.00

Withdrawal

[edit]

Following a poor performance in the first 2024 presidential debate, several prominent Democrats (including then-Senate majority leader Chuck Schumer and former Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi) called for Biden to exit the race.[98][99] On July 21, 2024, Biden withdrew his candidacy and endorsed Vice President Kamala Harris. Her campaign was ultimately unsuccessful and she lost the election to Donald Trump.[100]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Chosen by acclamation[55]
  2. ^ Chosen by acclamation[60]

References

[edit]
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