Eugenie Schwarzwald

You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in German. (December 2009) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the German article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Wikipedia article at [[:de:Eugenie Schwarzwald]]; see its history for attribution. You may also add the template {{Translated|de|Eugenie Schwarzwald}} to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Eugenie Schwarzwald" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Eugenie Schwarzwald, (née Nußbaum) (4 July 1872, in Polupanivka near Zbruch River in Austria-Hungary (now Ternopil Raion, Ukraine)) and died on 7 August 1940, in Zurich, founded the innovative Schwarzwald school. A progressive Polish philanthropist, writer and pedagogue, she developed education for girls in Austria and was one of the most learned women of her time.^[1]

Eugenie Nußbaum left home in 1895 and studied German and English literature, philosophy and pedagogy at the University of Zurich. She received her doctoral degree in 1900. At that time, women were not allowed to study at Austrian high schools and universities and Eugenie was one of the first academically educated women in Austria-Hungary. In 1900 she married Dr. Hermann Schwarzwald (1871–1939).^{[citation needed]}

Schwarzwald felt Polish and was known as an innovative educator.^[2] In Austria, in 1901 she became head of the Girls' Secondary School and in 1911 of the Girls' College. Her aim was to offer an adequate and motivating secondary education to girls, comparable to that which was accessible to boys. To reach that goal, she engaged many contemporary, prominent artists and scientists to teach the girls. For example, Oskar Kokoschka gave lessons in drawing, Arnold Schoenberg taught music and composition and Adolf Loos lectured on architecture. This school became a prototype of so-called Schwarzwald schools (Schwarzwaldschulen), modern schools for girls. She often spoke on gender equality to men at the Wiener Frauen Club. Among the famous students of the Schwarzwald schools were the art historian Emmy Wellesz^[3] and the ethnologist Marianne Schmidl, who would become the first woman to receive a doctorate in ethnology from the University of Vienna.^[4] During World War I, she devoted herself to caring for ill and elderly people as well as deprived children. She wrote newspaper articles, feuilletons and short essays.

"Genia" Schwarzwald played an important part in Viennese cultural life and social events.^[5] Like many of her contemporaries, she organised a literary salon where she invited Kokoschka, Loos or Schoenberg as well as the novelists Elias Canetti and Robert Musil. She and Isadora Duncan inspired the character Ermelinda Tuzzi, "Diotima", in Musil's novel The Man Without Qualities.

In 1938, Schwarzwald was forced to leave Austria due to her Jewish ancestry and emigrated to Switzerland. Her assets were seized by Nazis, the Schwarzwald schools were closed, and many of her students, who were Jewish women, were murdered in the Holocaust.^[6] She died in Zurich on 7 August 1940.^[7]

• Female education
• Aryanization
• Anschluss
• The Holocaust in Austria

This Austrian biographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

• v
• t
• e