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Expressway S86 (Poland)

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Expressway S86 shield}}
Expressway S86
Droga ekspresowa S86
Droga ekspresowa S86.jpg
Express road S86 in Sosnowiec
Route information
Maintained by GDDKiA
Length5.9 km (3.7 mi)
Major junctions
FromSosnowiec
ToKatowice
Location
CountryPoland
RegionsSilesian Voivodeship
Major citiesSosnowiec, Katowice
Highway system
← S 79→ S 1

Expressway S86 (Polish: Droga ekspresowa S86, abbreviated as S86) – built from 1978 to 1986[1] section of national road 86 with a length of 5.9 kilometres (3.7 mi),[2] connecting Katowice (Roździeńskiego Avenue, Murckowska Street and Bagienna Street junction) with Sosnowiec (Pogoń junction).[3] In Katowice the road is a part of Walentego Roździeńskiego Avenue[1]. The route has two carriageways, each with three lanes.[2]

In 2010 it was the busiest national road in Poland,[4] and continuously since 2015 it is the second busiest national road in Poland behind the bypass of Warsaw.[5][6][7] At the same time it was the expressway with the highest number of traffic collisions and accidents in 2016.[8]

Since 1999 it is maintained by General Directorate for National Roads and Highways (Polish: Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad).[2] On September 13, 2015, the government changed the ordinance of the motorways and expressways, officially including the S86 expressway in it,[9] making it the shortest of all expressways in Poland.[1] It is also one of the few expressways that at present time are not connected with the rest of the network of motorways and expressways.

Traffic

[edit]

Being the main route of traffic between Zagłębie Dąbrowskie and Upper Silesian part of Katowice urban area,[10] expressway S86 is a high traffic road,[11] which is known for frequent traffic jams. According to General Traffic Measurement conducted by GDDKiA in 2010, it carries heaviest traffic in Poland with average of 104339 vehicles daily[4][10] and from 2015, second with the heaviest traffic in Poland, following Warsaw section of expressway S8, with 112212 vehicles daily[6] and similar number in 2020 and following years[12][7]. According to Robert Tomanek, professor at University of Economics in Katowice, 100000 vehicles daily is an absolute limit of road's capacity.[13][5] He points also that the widening of the route is impossible due to the neighboring buildings.[5] It is the one of the three expressways in Poland on which the traffic movement freedom index (Polish: poziom swobody ruchu, PSR) in 2017 was classified as the lowest one, with a C mark (very exceeded).[14] According to General Traffic Measurement maps, the most generated traffic was from Zagłębie cities adjacent to Katowice: Sosnowiec, Czeladź, Będzin,[7] but 80% of that traffic consists of passenger cars.[15] Professor Jerzy Runge at University of Silesia connects the excessive traffic load on the route with the polycentric model of the labor market in the region, where Katowice clearly dominates the local market, which had redirected the stream of people moving towards Katowice from adjacent cities.[16] Over eight imes more people travel from Sosnowiec to Katowice for work than in the opposite direction,[16] and it is a record on national scale.[16] On a working day, according to KZK GOP (Polish: Komunikacyjny Związek Komunalny Górnośląskiego Okręgu Przemysłowego), 44,000 people travel by buses running via S86 from Sosnowiec and Dąbrowa. On Saturdays, 19,000, and on Sunday, 13,000.[5] The bottleneck[17] at the connection with national road 79 leading from Mysłowice[18] is also indicated as the cause of road congestion.

Alternative connections

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Because of the impossible to be resolved problems with road's capacity[5] and traffic characteristics, where the basis is local traffic related to commuting to work,[15][16][5] ways of redirecting part of the traffic to alternative transport are being sought.[19][20][21]

Public transport

[edit]

The public transport between Sosnowiec and Katowice is assessed as poor.[5] The bus lines do not make an alternative, because they run on S86[5] and the excessive traffic makes significant delays of buses at the times of the heaviest passenger load.[22] Bus line 15 has an alternative route,[23] but is criticized for the travel time and costs, which make it much less attractive than transport by car.[24]

Fast tram

[edit]

In 2017, there was a concept of building a second, faster than line 15,[21] tram connection between Sosnowiec and Katowice, which would run parallel to S86.[21] However, in 2020 the project was stuck at the level of selecting the company that would prepare a design study for Tramwaje Śląskie.[21]

Bus lanes

[edit]

In 2022, Kazimierz Karolczak, the chairman of the Metropolis GZM board, suggested creation of bus lanes on S86.[19] Earlier, in 2018, the same concept was proposed by Arkadiusz Chęciński, president of Sosnowiec. The idea was rejected by GDDKiA as impossible for realization, mostly because of the road's capacity, "bottleneck" on junction with road 79 and the expressway status.[25][26]

Bicycle routes and bicycle highways

[edit]
See also: bicycle highway

Katowice do not have a consistent, uniform connection with Sosnowiec by bike paths and the system of planned bike ways do not guarantee the fastest connection of the cities.[27] In 2016, a concept of building fast bike way from Sosnowiec to Katowice on the former route of sand railway emerged.[28] In 2019, thanks to Metropolis GZM, the concept took on the actual shape of velostrada, with the route parallel to S86 as an alternative connection[29][20] that allows to travel by bicycle in 25–30 minutes, and by electric bicycle and motorized scooter even in 20 minutes.[30]

Traffic accidents and collisions

[edit]

Among the expressways, S86 is in the first place as the most dangerous road in Poland: on average, 113 collisions and accidents were reported per 1 km of road in almost entire year, which gives an average of almost 2 collisions daily for the entire 5.9 kilometres (3.7 mi) stretch.[31][8] In 2016, 599 collisions and accidents occurred there, which was the highest result for all of roads in Katowice.[32]

An important factor mentioned in connection with the collision on the S86 route is the fact that any collision on this route can paralyze the region.[33][26]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c "S86". moto.wp.pl (in Polish). 2017-10-13. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
  2. ^ a b c "S86 Katowice (węzeł Roździeńskiego) - Sosnowiec (węzeł Pogoń)" [S86 Katowice (Roździeńskiego junction) - Sosnowiec (Pogoń junction)]. Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad - Serwis informacyjny (in Polish). Retrieved 2023-03-09.
  3. ^ "Przebieg dróg krajowych w województwie śląskim" [Route of national roads in Silesian Voivodeship] (PDF). Śląski Wojewódzki Inspektor Nadzoru Geodezyjnego i Kartograficznego (in Polish). Retrieved 2023-10-09.
  4. ^ a b "Generalny Pomiar Ruchu w roku 2010" [General Traffic Measurement in 2010]. Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad - Serwis informacyjny (in Polish). Retrieved 2023-10-09.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h "TOP 10 najbardziej zatłoczonych linii autobusowych Sosnowiec - Katowice. S86, Roździeńskiego, to najbardziej zatłoczona droga regionu" [TOP 10 most crowded Sosnowiec - Katowice bus lines. S86, Roździeńskiego, is the most congested road in the region]. Dziennik Zachodni (in Polish). 2018-07-20. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
  6. ^ a b "Generalny Pomiar Ruchu w roku 2015" [General Traffic Measurement in 2015]. Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad - Serwis informacyjny (in Polish). Retrieved 2023-10-09.
  7. ^ a b c Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad. "Generalny Pomiar Ruchu 2020/2021" [2020/2021 General Traffic Measurement]. gov.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2023-10-09.
  8. ^ a b Agnieszka Strzelczyk (2017-12-21). "Najbardziej niebezpieczne drogi w Polsce [MAPY] Na S86 jest najgorzej!" [The most dangerous roads in Poland [MAPS] S86 is the worst!]. TVS.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2023-10-09.
  9. ^ Rozporządzenie Rady Ministrów z dnia 13 października 2015 r. zmieniające rozporządzenie w sprawie sieci autostrad i dróg ekspresowych, Dz. U., 2015, No. 1734 (2015-10-13)
  10. ^ a b Tomanek, Robert; Janecki, Ryszard; Karoń, Grzegorz; Krawczyk, Grzegorz; Kosobucki, Łukasz (2016). "Plan Zrównoważonej Mobilności Miejskiej Subregionu Centralnego Województwa Śląskiego" [Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan of the Central Subregion of the Silesian Voivodeship]. doi:10.13140/RG.2.1.4082.2164. Retrieved 2023-10-09.
  11. ^ M. Spławińska, Charakterystyki zmienności natężeń ruchu i ich wpływ na eksploatację wybranych obiektów drogowych. [Characteristics of traffic volume variability and their impact on the operation of selected road facilities.] (in Polish)
  12. ^ Koziarski, Stanisław M. (2021). "Potencjał ludnościowy miast a sieć autostrad i dróg ekspresowych w Polsce" [Population potential of cities and the network of highways and expressways in Poland] (PDF). Czasopismo Geograficzne. 92 (2): 217–256. doi:10.12657/czageo-92-10. Retrieved 2023-10-09.
  13. ^ Dorota Niećko (2020-02-20). "Najbardziej zatłoczone drogi woj. śląskiego. Liczba aut. Dane GDDKiA. Generalny Pomiar Ruchu 2020" [The most congested roads of Silesian Voivodesip. The number of vehicles. Data by GDDKiA. 2020 General Traffic Measurement]. Dziennik Zachodni (in Polish). Retrieved 2023-10-09.
  14. ^ D.K. Jamroz, P.D.W. Kustra (2020-10-06), WRD-23 Wytyczne poszerzania jezdni dróg zamiejskich i ulic o dodatkowe pasy ruchu [WRD-23 Guidelines for widening suburban roads and streets with additional traffic lanes] (in Polish), Politechnika Gdańska
  15. ^ a b Szczepański, Emilian; Jachimowski, Roland; Kłowdawski, Michał; Lewczuk, Konrad; Gołębiowski, Piotr; Jacyna-Gołda, Ilona (2014). "Identyfikacja połączeń drogowych o największym obciążeniu ruchem w krajowym systemie transportowym" [Identification of road connections with the highest traffic load in the national transport system]. Logistyka (in Polish). Retrieved 2023-10-09.
  16. ^ a b c d Marcin Zasada (2014-04-01). "Z miasta do miasta za pracą, czyli dojazd do pracy w Polsce" [From city to city for work, i.e. commuting to work in Poland]. Dziennik Zachodni (in Polish). Retrieved 2023-10-09.
  17. ^ J. Mikulski (2011), Modern transport telematics : 11th International Conference on Transport Systems Telematics, TST 2011, Katowice-Ustroń, Poland, October 19-22, 2011, selected papers, Berlin: Springer, p. 283, ISBN 978-3-642-24660-9, OCLC 758652291
  18. ^ D. Wnuk, G. Karoń (2014). "Variants to improve traffic conditions in the bottleneck in road network of the upper silesian conurbation" (PDF). Retrieved 2023-10-09.
  19. ^ a b Jarek Adamski (2022-01-18). "Szef Metropolii ma pomysł! Buspas od Katowic do Sosnowca. "Komunikacja miejska już jest alternatywą dla auta?"" [Chief of Metropolis has an idea! Bus lane from Katowice to Sosnowiec. "Is the public transport an alternative for a car?"]. Dziennik Metropolii (in Polish). Retrieved 2023-10-09.
  20. ^ a b Renata Cius (2021-03-17). "Chcą wybudować rowerowe autostrady na Śląsku i w Zagłębiu. Mieszkańcy czekają na to od dawna" [They want to build bicycle highways in Silesia and Zagłębie. The residents are waiting for it for a long time]. Fakt24.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2023-10-09.
  21. ^ a b c d Wojciech Todur (2021-11-08). "Nowa linia tramwajowa z Sosnowca do Katowic w "zawieszeniu". Podróż wzdłuż drogi ekspresowej S86 byłaby szybsza" [New tram line from Sosnowiec to Katowice in "suspension". Travel along the expressway S86 would be faster]. wyborcza.pl Sosnowiec (in Polish). Retrieved 2023-10-09.
  22. ^ Tomasz Szymczyk (2017-03-03). "Szybki tramwaj Sosnowiec - Katowice wzdłuż trasy DK86 rozładuje korki? Pomysł sie podoba" [Will fast tram Sosnowiec - Katowice along the DK86 route relieve traffic jams? The idea is popular]. Dziennik Zachodni (in Polish). Retrieved 2023-10-09.
  23. ^ Marcelina Przystał-Skarżyńska (2022-09-26). "Zakorkowana S86 z Sosnowca do Katowic. I tak przez kilka tygodni" [Congested S86 from Sosnowiec to Katowice. And so for a few weeks]. TVS.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2023-10-09.
  24. ^ ""Piętnastka" z Sosnowca do Katowic dla wytrwałych lub miłośników. Mogłoby być szybciej" ["Fifteen" from Sosnowiec to Katowice for persistent people or enthusiasts. It could be faster]. Katowice24.info (in Polish). 2022-12-23. Retrieved 2023-10-09.
  25. ^ Monika Cygnarowska (2018-09-30). ""Nie" dla buspasa wzdłuż alei Roździeńskiego" ["No" for bus lane along Roździeńskiego Avenue]. Twoje Zagłębie (in Polish). Retrieved 2023-10-10.
  26. ^ a b Anna Dziedzic (2021-03-15). "Korki w metropolii: co rozładuje ruch? Buspas, ITS... Potrzebny zintegrowany system zarządzania ruchem i przywileje dla komunikacji" [Traffic jams in metropolis: what would relieve the traffic? Bus lane, ITS... An integrated traffic management system and privileges for communication are needed]. Dziennik Zachodni (in Polish). Retrieved 2023-10-10.
  27. ^ JPP (2019-04-03). "14 kilometrów nowych dróg rowerowych w 2019 w Katowicach. Gdzie? MAPA" [14 kilometers of new bike paths in 2019 in Katowice. Where? MAP]. Katowice Nasze Miasto (in Polish). Retrieved 2023-10-10.
  28. ^ Justyna Przybytek-Pawlik (2016-04-01). "Rowerowa autostrada połączy Katowice z Chorzowem? ZDJĘCIA, WIDEO Program Velo Silesia" [Will bicycle highway connect Katowice with Chorzów? PHOTOS, VIDEO Silesia Velo Program]. Dziennik Zachodni (in Polish). Retrieved 2023-10-10.
  29. ^ "W Katowicach może powstać kilka autostrad rowerowych, ale najpierw metropolia musi się porozumieć z miastem" [In Katowice there may be a few bicycle highways, but first, the metropolis must communicate with city]. Katowice24.info (in Polish). 2021-05-13. Retrieved 2023-10-10.
  30. ^ Magdalena Zmysłowska (2023-02-16). "Betonoza i bloki, zamiast velostrady Katowice-Sosnowiec? GZM: Liczymy na porozumienie" [Concreteosis and apartment buildings instead of Katowice-Sosnowiec velostrada? GZM: We hope for agreement]. ŚląskiBiznes.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2023-10-10.
  31. ^ DN (2017-12-20). "S86 to najniebezpieczniejsza droga w Polsce. Fatalnie na DK86, S1, S52 RANKING NIEBEZPIECZNYCH DRÓG" [S86 is the most dangerous road in Poland. Terrible on DK86, S1, S52 RANKING OF DANGEROUS ROADS]. Katowice Nasze Miasto (in Polish). Retrieved 2023-10-10.
  32. ^ Przemysław Jedlecki (2017-02-08). "6337 wypadków i kolizji w 2016 roku w Katowicach. Które drogi są najmniej bezpieczne?" [6337 accidents and collisions in 2016 in Katowice. Which roads are the least safe?]. wyborcza.pl Katowice (in Polish). Retrieved 2023-10-10.
  33. ^ Dorota Niećko (2020-02-21). "Oto 25 najbardziej zatłoczonych dróg w woj. śląskim [DANE GDDKiA]" [Here are the 25 most congested roads in Silesian Voivodeship [GDDKiA DATA]]. Dąbrowa Górnicza Nasze Miasto (in Polish). Retrieved 2023-10-10.

Bibliography

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  • S. Adamczyk (red.) (1993), Katowice - Informator (in Polish), Katowice: Urząd Miasta w Katowicach
  • Katowice - Plan miasta (in Polish), Warszawa: Demart SA, 2009–2010
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