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Fateh Ali Khan (Qawwali singer)
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Fateh Ali Khan | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1904 |
| Died | 1964 (aged 59–60) |
| Occupation | Musician (Qawwali singer) |
| Known for | Qawwali singing |
| Relatives | Mubarak Ali Khan (Qawwali group partner and brother) |
| Awards | Pride of Performance Award by the President of Pakistan in 1960 |
Fateh Ali Khan Jullundhri Qawwal (1904 – 1964) was a classical singer and a qawwali musician in the 1940s and 1950s.[1][2]
Biography
[edit]He was born in Jullundur, Punjab, British India in 1904 with his parents migrating from Afghanistan.[1] Fateh Ali Khan was the father of Pakistani Qawwali musicians, Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan and Farrukh Fateh Ali Khan. Their family has an unbroken tradition of Qawwali and is called the Qawwal Bacchon gharana, linked closely to the Sufi Chishti Order for over 600 years.[3][1][2]
Training
[edit]Fateh Ali Khan was trained in classical music and Qawwali by his father, Maula Bakhsh Khan (Ali Khan), and he, soon after his training, distinguished himself as a skilled vocalist and instrumentalist. He learned to play traditional Indian instruments such as sitar, sarod and vichitraveena as well as Western instruments like the violin.[1] He also mastered thousands of verses in Punjabi, Urdu, Arabic and Persian.
Leader of Qawwali Party
[edit]Fateh Ali Khan was the leader of his family's Qawwali party but they were billed as Fateh Ali Khan, Mubarak Ali Khan & Party. Mubarak Ali Khan, his brother, shared both singing and harmonium-playing duties with him. They were regarded as among the foremost exponents of Qawwali in their time. They are credited with first popularizing the poetry of Allama Iqbal through their singing.[4]
Allama Iqbal's poetry was regarded as difficult to set musical tunes to, and while he was highly admired in academic circles and by intellectuals, Allama Iqbal did not have much of a popular following yet among the common people mainly due to the radio broadcasting technology still under development back then in British India. Fateh Ali Khan and Mubarak Ali Khan, more than anyone else, helped Iqbal achieve popular success as well by first popularizing Iqbal's poem by singing it as their qawwali, Sehar Qareeb Hai Taaron Ka Haal Kya Hoga.[5]
Allama Iqbal paid the ultimate homage to the two brothers by saying: 'I was restricted to schools and colleges only. You (Ustad Fateh Ali Khan) have spread my poetry through India'.[2]
Legacy
[edit]In 1948, his son, Nusrat, was born in Faisalabad, Pakistan. Fateh Ali Khan wanted Nusrat to become a doctor or an engineer because he felt Qawwali artists had low social status. However, Nusrat showed such interest in and aptitude for Qawwali that his father soon relented, and began training him. However, Fateh Ali Khan died in 1964 at the age of sixty, when Nusrat was sixteen and still in school. Nusrat's training was completed by Fateh Ali Khan's brothers, Mubarak Ali Khan and Salamat Ali Khan. Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan went on to become a household name and widely respected as the greatest exponent of Qawwali.[2]
Awards and recognition
[edit]- Pride of Performance Award in 1960 by the President of Pakistan.[1][2]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e M. A. Sheikh. WHO's WHO: Music in Pakistan - Fateh Ali Khan (Qawwal) (page 90). Google Books website. p. 90. ISBN 9781469191584.
- ^ a b c d e "10 Best Pakistani Qawwali Singers of All Time". DESIblitz.com website. 22 May 2020. Archived from the original on 9 June 2023. Retrieved 3 September 2024.
- ^ "Qawwali ('famous Pakistani qawwal' Fateh Ali Khan mentioned)". Encyclopædia Britannica website. Archived from the original on 27 July 2024. Retrieved 3 September 2024.
- ^ Fateh Ali Khan sings Allama Iqbal's poem, rare videoclip on YouTube Retrieved 21 March 2022
- ^ Ahmed Aqeel Ruby, Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan: A Living Legend, translated by Sajjad Haider Malik, Lahore: Words of Wisdom, (1992)
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