February 1
From Wikipedia - Reading time: 21 min
| << | February | >> | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Su | Mo | Tu | We | Th | Fr | Sa |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | ||||
| 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 |
| 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 |
| 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | ||
| 2024 | ||||||
| February 1 in recent years |
| 2024 (Thursday) |
| 2023 (Wednesday) |
| 2022 (Tuesday) |
| 2021 (Monday) |
| 2020 (Saturday) |
| 2019 (Friday) |
| 2018 (Thursday) |
| 2017 (Wednesday) |
| 2016 (Monday) |
| 2015 (Sunday) |
February 1 is the 32nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar; 333 days remain until the end of the year (334 in leap years).
Events
[edit]Pre-1600
[edit]- 1327 – The teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer.[1]
- 1411 – The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn (Toruń), Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights (Prussia).[2]
1601–1900
[edit]- 1662 – The Chinese general Koxinga seizes the island of Taiwan after a nine-month siege.[3]
- 1713 – The Kalabalik or Skirmish at Bender results from the Ottoman sultan's order that his unwelcome guest, King Charles XII of Sweden, be seized.[4]
- 1793 – French Revolutionary Wars: France declares war on the United Kingdom and the Netherlands.
- 1796 – The capital of Upper Canada is moved from Newark to York.
- 1814 – Mayon in the Philippines erupts, killing around 1,200 people, the most devastating eruption of the volcano.
- 1835 – Slavery is abolished in Mauritius.[5]
- 1861 – American Civil War: Texas secedes from the United States and joins the Confederacy a week later.
- 1864 – Second Schleswig War: Prussian forces crossed the border into Schleswig, starting the war.[6]
- 1865 – President Abraham Lincoln signs the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
- 1884 – The first volume (A to Ant) of the Oxford English Dictionary is published.[7]
- 1893 – Thomas A. Edison finishes construction of the first motion picture studio, the Black Maria in West Orange, New Jersey.[8]
- 1895 – Fountains Valley, Pretoria, the oldest nature reserve in Africa, is proclaimed by President Paul Kruger.
- 1896 – La bohème premieres in Turin at the Teatro Regio (Turin), conducted by the young Arturo Toscanini.
- 1897 – Shinhan Bank, the oldest bank in South Korea, opens in Seoul.
- 1900 – Great Britain, defeated by Boers in key battles, names Lord Roberts commander of British forces in South Africa.[9]
1901–present
[edit]- 1908 – Lisbon Regicide: King Carlos I of Portugal and Infante Luis Filipe are shot dead in Lisbon.[10]
- 1924 – Russia–United Kingdom relations are restored, over six years after the Communist revolution.[11]
- 1942 – World War II: Josef Terboven, Reichskommissar of German-occupied Norway, appoints Vidkun Quisling the Minister President of the National Government.
- 1942 – World War II: U.S. Navy conducts Marshalls–Gilberts raids, the first offensive action by the United States against Japanese forces in the Pacific Theater.[12]
- 1942 – Voice of America, the official external radio and television service of the United States government, begins broadcasting with programs aimed at areas controlled by the Axis powers.[13]
- 1942 – Mao Zedong makes a speech on "Reform in Learning, the Party and Literature", which puts into motion the Yan'an Rectification Movement.[14]
- 1946 – Trygve Lie of Norway is picked to be the first United Nations Secretary-General.[15]
- 1946 – The Parliament of Hungary abolishes the monarchy after nine centuries, and proclaims the Hungarian Republic.[16]
- 1950 – The first prototype of the MiG-17 makes its maiden flight.[17]
- 1957 – Northeast Airlines Flight 823 crashes on Rikers Island in New York City, killing 20 people and injuring 78 others.[18]
- 1960 – Four black students stage the first of the Greensboro sit-ins at a lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina.[19]
- 1964 – The Beatles have their first number one hit in the United States with "I Want to Hold Your Hand".[20]
- 1968 – Vietnam War: The execution of Viet Cong officer Nguyễn Văn Lém by South Vietnamese National Police Chief Nguyễn Ngọc Loan is recorded on motion picture film, as well as in an iconic still photograph taken by Eddie Adams.[21]
- 1968 – Canada's three military services, the Royal Canadian Navy, the Canadian Army and the Royal Canadian Air Force, are unified into the Canadian Forces.[22]
- 1968 – The New York Central Railroad and the Pennsylvania Railroad are merged to form Penn Central Transportation.
- 1972 – Kuala Lumpur becomes a city by a royal charter granted by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia.[23]
- 1974 – A fire in the 25-story Joelma Building in São Paulo, Brazil kills 189 and injures 293.
- 1979 – Iranian Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini returns to Tehran after nearly 15 years of exile.[24]
- 1981 – The Underarm bowling incident of 1981 occurred when Trevor Chappell bowls underarm on the final delivery of a game between Australia and New Zealand at the Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG).[25]
- 1991 – A runway collision between USAir Flight 1493 and SkyWest Flight 5569 at Los Angeles International Airport results in the deaths of 34 people, and injuries to 30 others.[26]
- 1991 – A magnitude 6.8 earthquake strikes the Hindu Kush region, killing at least 848 people in Afghanistan, Pakistan and present-day Tajikistan.[27]
- 1992 – The Chief Judicial Magistrate of Bhopal court declares Warren Anderson, ex-CEO of Union Carbide, a fugitive under Indian law for failing to appear in the Bhopal disaster case.[28]
- 1996 – The Communications Decency Act is passed by the U.S. Congress.[29]
- 1998 – Rear Admiral Lillian E. Fishburne becomes the first female African American to be promoted to rear admiral.[30]
- 2002 – Daniel Pearl, American journalist and South Asia Bureau Chief of The Wall Street Journal, kidnapped on January 23, is beheaded and mutilated by his captors.[31]
- 2003 – Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrated during the reentry of mission STS-107 into the Earth's atmosphere, killing all seven astronauts aboard.[32]
- 2004 – Hajj pilgrimage stampede: In a stampede at the Hajj pilgrimage in Saudi Arabia, 251 people are trampled to death and 244 injured.[33]
- 2004 – Double suicide attack in Erbil on the offices of Iraqi Kurdish political parties by members of Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad[34]
- 2005 – King Gyanendra of Nepal carries out a coup d'état to capture the democracy, becoming Chairman of the Councils of ministers.[35]
- 2007 – The National Weather Service in the United States switches from the Fujita scale to the new Enhanced Fujita scale to measure the intensity and strength of tornadoes.[36]
- 2009 – The first cabinet of Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir was formed in Iceland, making her the country's first female prime minister and the world's first openly gay head of government.[37]
- 2012 – Seventy-four people are killed and over 500 injured as a result of clashes between fans of Egyptian football teams Al Masry and Al Ahly in the city of Port Said.[38]
- 2013 – The Shard, the sixth-tallest building in Europe, opens its viewing gallery to the public.[39]
- 2021 – A coup d'état in Myanmar removes Aung San Suu Kyi from power and restores military rule.[40]
- 2022 – Five-year-old Moroccan boy Rayan Aourram falls into a 32-meter (105 feet) deep well in Ighran village in Tamorot commune, Chefchaouen Province, Morocco, but dies four days later, before rescue workers reached him.[41]
Births
[edit]Pre-1600
[edit]- 1261 – Walter de Stapledon, English bishop and politician, Lord High Treasurer (d. 1326)[42]
- 1435 – Amadeus IX, Duke of Savoy (d. 1472)[43]
- 1447 – Eberhard II, Duke of Württemberg (d. 1504)
- 1459 – Conrad Celtes, German poet and scholar (d. 1508)
- 1462 – Johannes Trithemius, German lexicographer, historian, and cryptographer (d. 1516)[44]
- 1552 – Edward Coke, English lawyer, judge, and politician, Attorney General for England and Wales (d. 1634)
- 1561 – Henry Briggs, British mathematician (d. 1630)
1601–1900
[edit]- 1635 – Marquard Gude, German archaeologist and scholar (d. 1689)
- 1648 – Elkanah Settle, English poet and playwright (d. 1724)[45]
- 1659 – Jacob Roggeveen, Dutch explorer (d. 1729)
- 1663 – Ignacia del Espíritu Santo, Filipino nun, founded the Religious of the Virgin Mary (d. 1748)
- 1666 – Marie Thérèse de Bourbon, Princess of Conti and titular queen of Poland (d. 1732)
- 1687 – Johann Adam Birkenstock, German violinist and composer (d. 1733)
- 1690 – Francesco Maria Veracini, Italian violinist and composer (d. 1768)
- 1701 – Johan Agrell, Swedish-German pianist and composer (d. 1765)
- 1761 – Christiaan Hendrik Persoon, South African-French mycologist and academic (d. 1836)
- 1763 – Thomas Campbell, Irish minister and theologian (d. 1854)
- 1796 – Abraham Emanuel Fröhlich, Swiss minister, poet, and educator (d. 1865)
- 1801 – Émile Littré, French lexicographer and philosopher (d. 1881)
- 1820 – George Hendric Houghton, American clergyman and theologian (d. 1897)
- 1836 – Emil Hartmann, Danish organist and composer (d. 1898)
- 1844 – G. Stanley Hall, American psychologist and academic (d. 1924)[46]
- 1851 – Durham Stevens, American lawyer and diplomat (d. 1908)
- 1858 – Ignacio Bonillas, Mexican diplomat (d. 1942)
- 1859 – Victor Herbert, Irish-American cellist, composer, and conductor (d. 1924)
- 1866 – Agda Meyerson, Swedish nurse and healthcare activist (d. 1924)
- 1868 – Ștefan Luchian, Romanian painter and illustrator (d. 1917)[47]
- 1870 – Erik Adolf von Willebrand, Finnish physician (d. 1949)
- 1872 – Clara Butt, English opera singer (d. 1936)[48]
- 1872 – Jerome F. Donovan, American lawyer and politician (d. 1949)
- 1873 – John Barry, Irish soldier, Victoria Cross recipient (d. 1901)
- 1874 – Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Austrian author, poet, and playwright (d. 1929)
- 1878 – Alfréd Hajós, Hungarian swimmer and architect, designed the Grand Hotel Aranybika (d. 1955)
- 1878 – Milan Hodža, Slovak journalist and politician, 10th Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (d. 1944)
- 1881 – Tip Snooke, South African cricketer (d. 1966)
- 1882 – Vladimir Dimitrov, Bulgarian artist (d. 1960)[49]
- 1882 – Louis St. Laurent, Canadian lawyer and politician, 12th Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1973)
- 1884 – Bradbury Robinson, American football player and physician (d. 1949)
- 1884 – Yevgeny Zamyatin, Russian journalist and author (d. 1937)
- 1887 – Charles Nordhoff, English-American lieutenant, pilot, and author (d. 1947)
- 1890 – Nikolai Reek, Estonian general and politician, 11th Estonian Minister of War (d. 1942)
- 1894 – John Ford, American director and producer (d. 1973)
- 1894 – James P. Johnson, American pianist and composer (d. 1955)
- 1895 – Conn Smythe, Canadian businessman (d. 1980)
- 1897 – Denise Robins, English journalist and author (d. 1985)
- 1898 – Leila Denmark, American pediatrician and author (d. 2012)
1901–present
[edit]- 1901 – Frank Buckles, American soldier (d. 2011)
- 1901 – Clark Gable, American actor (d. 1960)[50]
- 1902 – Therese Brandl, German concentration camp guard (d. 1947)
- 1902 – Langston Hughes, American poet, social activist, novelist, and playwright (d. 1967)[51]
- 1904 – S. J. Perelman, American humorist and screenwriter (d. 1979)
- 1905 – Emilio Segrè, Italian-American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1989)
- 1906 – Adetokunbo Ademola, Nigerian lawyer and jurist, 2nd Chief Justice of Nigeria (d. 1993)
- 1907 – Günter Eich, German author and songwriter (d. 1972)
- 1907 – Camargo Guarnieri, Brazilian pianist and composer (d. 1993)
- 1908 – George Pal, Hungarian-American animator and producer (d. 1980)
- 1908 – Louis Rasminsky, Canadian economist and banker (d. 1998)
- 1909 – George Beverly Shea, Canadian-American singer-songwriter (d. 2013)
- 1910 – Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme, Chinese general and politician (d. 2009)
- 1915 – Stanley Matthews, English footballer and manager (d. 2000)[52]
- 1917 – José Luis Sampedro, Spanish economist and author (d. 2013)
- 1917 – Eiji Sawamura, Japanese baseball player and soldier (d. 1944)
- 1918 – Muriel Spark, Scottish novelist (d. 2006)[53]
- 1918 – Ignacy Tokarczuk, Polish archbishop (d. 2012)
- 1920 – Zao Wou-Ki, Chinese-French painter (d. 2013)[54]
- 1921 – Teresa Mattei, Italian feminist partisan and politician (d. 2013)
- 1921 – Patricia Robins, English writer and WAAF officer (d. 2016)
- 1921 – Peter Sallis, English actor (d. 2017)
- 1922 – Renata Tebaldi, Italian soprano and actress (d. 2004)
- 1923 – Ben Weider, Canadian businessman, co-founded the International Federation of BodyBuilding & Fitness (d. 2008)
- 1924 – Emmanuel Scheffer, German-Israeli footballer, coach, and manager (d. 2012)
- 1926 – Vivian Maier, American street photographer (d. 2009)[55]
- 1927 – Galway Kinnell, American poet and academic (d. 2014)
- 1928 – Sam Edwards, Welsh physicist and academic (d. 2015)
- 1928 – Tom Lantos, Hungarian-American academic and politician (d. 2008)
- 1928 – Stuart Whitman, American actor (d. 2020)[51]
- 1930 – Shahabuddin Ahmed, Bangladeshi judge and politician, 12th President of Bangladesh (d. 2022)
- 1930 – Hussain Muhammad Ershad, Bangladeshi general and politician, 10th President of Bangladesh (d. 2019)
- 1931 – Boris Yeltsin, Russian politician, 1st President of Russia (d. 2007)[51]
- 1932 – John Nott, British politician (d. 2024)[56]
- 1932 – Hassan al-Turabi, Sudanese activist and politician (d. 2016)
- 1936 – Tuncel Kurtiz, Turkish actor, playwright, and director (d. 2013)
- 1937 – Don Everly, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2021)[51]
- 1937 – Garrett Morris, American actor and comedian[57]
- 1938 – Jimmy Carl Black, American drummer and singer (d. 2008)
- 1938 – Jacky Cupit, American golfer
- 1938 – Sherman Hemsley, American actor and singer (d. 2012)
- 1939 – Fritjof Capra, Austrian physicist, author, and academic
- 1939 – Claude François, Egyptian-French singer-songwriter and dancer (d. 1978)
- 1939 – Paul Gillmor, American lawyer and politician (d. 2007)
- 1939 – Ekaterina Maximova, Russian ballerina (d. 2009)
- 1939 – Joe Sample, American pianist and composer (d. 2014)
- 1941 – Jerry Spinelli, American author
- 1942 – Bibi Besch, Austrian-American actress (d. 1996)
- 1942 – Terry Jones, Welsh actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 2020)[58]
- 1944 – Burkhard Ziese, German footballer and manager (d. 2010)
- 1945 – Serge Joyal, Canadian lawyer and politician, 50th Secretary of State for Canada
- 1945 – Ferruccio Mazzola, Italian footballer and manager (d. 2013)
- 1945 – Mary Jane Reoch, American cyclist (d. 1993)[59]
- 1946 – Karen Krantzcke, Australian tennis player[60] (d. 1977)
- 1946 – Elisabeth Sladen, English actress (d. 2011)[61]
- 1947 – Adam Ingram, Scottish computer programmer and politician, Minister of State for the Armed Forces
- 1947 – Normie Rowe, Australian singer-songwriter and actor
- 1947 – Jessica Savitch, American journalist (d. 1983)[51]
- 1948 – Rick James, American singer-songwriter and producer (d. 2004)[51]
- 1949 – Lex Marinos, Australian actor (d. 2024)[62]
- 1950 – Mike Campbell, American guitarist, songwriter, and producer[57]
- 1950 – Ali Haydar Konca, Turkish politician, 4th Turkish Minister of European Union Affairs
- 1950 – Rich Williams, American guitarist and songwriter
- 1951 – Sonny Landreth, American guitarist and songwriter[57]
- 1952 – Owoye Andrew Azazi, Nigerian general (d. 2012)
- 1954 – Chuck Dukowski, American singer-songwriter and bass player
- 1954 – Bill Mumy, American actor, writer, and musician[57]
- 1955 – T. R. Dunn, American basketball player and coach[63]
- 1956 – Exene Cervenka, American singer-songwriter and guitarist[57]
- 1957 – Gilbert Hernandez, American author and illustrator
- 1957 – Mohammed Jamal Khalifa, Saudi Arabian businessman (d. 2007)
- 1958 – Luther Blissett, Jamaican-English footballer and manager
- 1958 – Eleanor Laing, Scottish lawyer and politician, Shadow Secretary of State for Scotland
- 1959 – Wade Wilson, American football player and coach (d. 2019)[64]
- 1961 – Volker Fried, German field hockey player and coach
- 1961 – Kaduvetti Guru, Indian politician (d. 2018)[65]
- 1961 – Daniel M. Tani, American engineer and astronaut
- 1962 – José Luis Cuciuffo, Argentinian footballer (d. 2004)
- 1962 – Tomoyasu Hotei, Japanese singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1962 – Takashi Murakami, Japanese painter and sculptor[51]
- 1964 – Jani Lane, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2011)
- 1964 – Eli Ohana, Israeli football player, and club chairman[66]
- 1964 – Mario Pelchat, Canadian singer-songwriter
- 1964 – Linus Roache, English actor[57]
- 1965 – Sherilyn Fenn, American actress[57]
- 1965 – Brandon Lee, American actor and martial artist (d. 1993)[51]
- 1965 – Stéphanie of Monaco[67]
- 1966 – Michelle Akers, American soccer player[68]
- 1967 – Meg Cabot, American author and screenwriter[69]
- 1968 – Lisa Marie Presley, American singer-songwriter and actress (d. 2023)[70]
- 1968 – Mark Recchi, Canadian ice hockey player and coach[71]
- 1968 – Pauly Shore, American actor and comedian[72]
- 1969 – Gabriel Batistuta, Argentinian footballer
- 1969 – Andrew Breitbart, American journalist, author, and publisher (d. 2012)
- 1969 – Brian Krause, American actor[57]
- 1969 – Joshua Redman, American musician and composer[57]
- 1969 – Franklyn Rose, Jamaican cricketer
- 1969 – Patrick Wilson, American musician and songwriter[57]
- 1970 – Yasuyuki Kazama, Japanese racing driver
- 1970 – Malik Sealy, American basketball player and actor (d. 2000)
- 1971 – Michael C. Hall, American actor and producer[57]
- 1971 – Tommy Salo, Swedish ice hockey player[73]
- 1972 – Leymah Gbowee, Liberian peace activist[74]
- 1972 – Christian Ziege, German footballer
- 1973 – Andrew DeClercq, American basketball player and coach
- 1973 – Óscar Pérez Rojas, Mexican footballer
- 1974 – Walter McCarty, American basketball player and coach
- 1975 – Big Boi, American rapper[75]
- 1975 – Martijn Reuser, Dutch footballer
- 1975 – Tomáš Vlasák, Czech ice hockey player[76]
- 1976 – Phil Ivey, American poker player[77]
- 1976 – Mat Rogers, Australian rugby player
- 1977 – Robert Traylor, American basketball player (d. 2011)
- 1978 – Tim Harding, Australian singer and actor
- 1979 – Valentín Elizalde, Mexican singer-songwriter (d. 2006)
- 1979 – Jason Isbell, American singer-songwriter and guitarist[57]
- 1979 – Juan, Brazilian footballer
- 1980 – Héctor Luna, Dominican baseball player
- 1981 – Hins Cheung, Hong Kong singer-songwriter
- 1981 – Christian Giménez, Argentinian footballer
- 1981 – Graeme Smith, South African cricketer
- 1982 – Gavin Henson, Welsh rugby player
- 1982 – Shoaib Malik, Pakistani cricketer
- 1983 – Heather DeLoach, American actress
- 1983 – Kevin Martin, American basketball player[78]
- 1983 – Jurgen Van den Broeck, Belgian cyclist
- 1983 – Andrew VanWyngarden, American singer-songwriter and musician[57]
- 1984 – Darren Fletcher, Scottish footballer
- 1985 – Dean Shiels, Irish footballer
- 1986 – Jorrit Bergsma, Dutch speed skater
- 1986 – Lauren Conrad, American fashion designer and author[57]
- 1986 – Ladislav Šmíd, Czech ice hockey player[79]
- 1987 – Sebastian Boenisch, Polish footballer
- 1987 – Moises Henriques, Portuguese-Australian cricketer
- 1987 – Austin Jackson, American baseball player[80]
- 1987 – Heather Morris, American actress, singer, and dancer[57]
- 1987 – Giuseppe Rossi, Italian footballer
- 1987 – Ronda Rousey, American mixed martial artist, wrestler and actress[57]
- 1988 – Brett Anderson, American baseball player
- 1989 – Ricky Pinheiro, Portuguese footballer
- 1990 – Tyler Myers, American-Canadian ice hockey player[81]
- 1991 – Blake Austin, Australian rugby league player[82]
- 1992 – Sean Manaea, American baseball player[83]
- 1993 – Diego Mella, Italian footballer
- 1994 – Anna-Lena Friedsam, German tennis player[84]
- 1994 – Harry Styles, English singer-songwriter and actor[85]
- 1996 – Ahmad Abughaush, Jordanian taekwondo athlete[86]
- 1997 – Drew Eubanks, American basketball player[87]
- 1997 – Jihyo, South Korean singer[88]
- 1999 – Mohamed Abdelmonem, Egyptian footballer[89]
- 2000 – Talanoa Hufanga, American football player[90]
Deaths
[edit]Pre-1600
[edit]- 583 – Kan Bahlam I, ruler of Palenque (b. 524)
- 772 – Pope Stephen III (b. 720)
- 850 – Ramiro I, king of Asturias
- 1222 – Alexios Megas Komnenos, first Emperor of Trebizond
- 1248 – Henry II, Duke of Brabant (b. 1207)
- 1328 – Charles IV of France (b. 1294)
- 1501 – Sigismund of Bavaria (b. 1439)
- 1542 – Girolamo Aleandro, Italian cardinal (b. 1480)
- 1563 – Menas of Ethiopia
- 1590 – Lawrence Humphrey, English theologian and academic (b. 1527)
1601–1900
[edit]- 1691 – Pope Alexander VIII (b. 1610)
- 1718 – Charles Talbot, 1st Duke of Shrewsbury, English politician, Lord High Treasurer (b. 1660)
- 1733 – Augustus II the Strong, Polish king (b. 1670)
- 1734 – John Floyer, English physician and author (b. 1649)
- 1743 – Giuseppe Ottavio Pitoni, Italian organist and composer (b. 1657)
- 1750 – Bakar of Georgia (b. 1699)
- 1761 – Pierre François Xavier de Charlevoix, French priest and historian (b. 1682)
- 1768 – Sir Robert Rich, 4th Baronet, English field marshal and politician (b. 1685)
- 1793 – William Barrington, 2nd Viscount Barrington, English politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer (b. 1717)
- 1803 – Anders Chydenius, Finnish economist, philosopher and Lutheran priest (b. 1729)[91][92]
- 1832 – Archibald Murphey, American judge and politician (b. 1777)
- 1851 – Mary Shelley, English novelist and playwright (b. 1797)[93]
- 1871 – Alexander Serov, Russian composer and critic (b. 1820)
- 1893 – George Henry Sanderson, American lawyer and politician, 22nd Mayor of San Francisco (b. 1824)
- 1897 – Constantin von Ettingshausen, Austrian geologist and botanist (b. 1826)
1901–present
[edit]- 1903 – Sir George Stokes, Anglo-Irish physicist, mathematician, and politician (b. 1819)
- 1907 – Léon Serpollet, French businessman (b. 1858)
- 1908 – Carlos I of Portugal (b. 1863)
- 1916 – James Boucaut, English-Australian politician, 11th Premier of South Australia (b. 1831)[94]
- 1917 – Georg Andreas Bull, Norwegian architect (b. 1829)[95]
- 1922 – William Desmond Taylor, American actor and director (b. 1872)
- 1924 – Maurice Prendergast, American painter (b. 1858)
- 1928 – Hughie Jennings, American baseball player and manager (b. 1869)
- 1936 – Georgios Kondylis, Greek general and politician, 128th Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1878)
- 1940 – Philip Francis Nowlan, American author, created Buck Rogers (b. 1888)
- 1940 – Zacharias Papantoniou, Greek journalist and critic (b. 1877)
- 1944 – Piet Mondrian, Dutch-American painter (b. 1872)
- 1949 – Nicolae Dumitru Cocea, Romanian journalist, author, and activist (b. 1880)
- 1949 – Herbert Stothart, American conductor and composer (b. 1885)
- 1957 – Friedrich Paulus, German general (b. 1890)
- 1958 – Clinton Davisson, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1888)
- 1959 – Madame Sul-Te-Wan, American actress (b. 1873)
- 1965 – Johan Scharffenberg, Norwegian psychiatrist (b. 1869)[96]
- 1966 – Hedda Hopper, American actress and journalist (b. 1885)
- 1966 – Buster Keaton, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1895)
- 1968 – Echol Cole and Robert Walker - sparking the Memphis Sanitation Workers Strike
- 1970 – Alfréd Rényi, Hungarian mathematician and academic (b. 1921)
- 1976 – Werner Heisenberg, German physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1901)
- 1976 – George Whipple, American physician and pathologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1878)
- 1979 – Abdi İpekçi, Turkish journalist and activist (b. 1929)
- 1980 – Yolanda González (activist), Basque activist (b.1961)[97]
- 1981 – Donald Wills Douglas, Sr., American engineer and businessman, founded the Douglas Aircraft Company (b. 1892)
- 1981 – Geirr Tveitt, Norwegian pianist and composer (b. 1908)
- 1986 – Alva Myrdal, Swedish sociologist and politician, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1902)
- 1987 – Alessandro Blasetti, Italian director and screenwriter (b. 1900)
- 1988 – Heather O'Rourke, American child actress (b. 1975)[98]
- 1989 – Elaine de Kooning, American painter and academic (b. 1918)
- 1989 – Eduardo Franco, Uruguayan lead singer of the band "Los Iracundos" (b. 1945) [99]
- 1991 – Ahmad Abd al-Ghafur Attar, Saudi Arabian writer and journalist (b. 1916) [100]
- 1992 – Jean Hamburger, French physician and surgeon (b. 1909)
- 1993 – Sven Thofelt, Swedish modern pentathlete and épée fencer (b. 1904)[101]
- 1996 – Ray Crawford, American race car driver, pilot, and businessman (b. 1915)
- 1997 – Herb Caen, American journalist and author (b. 1916)
- 1999 – Paul Mellon, American art collector and philanthropist (b. 1907)
- 2001 – André D'Allemagne, Canadian political scientist and academic (b. 1929)
- 2002 – Aykut Barka, Turkish geologist and academic (b. 1951)
- 2002 – Hildegard Knef, German actress and singer (b. 1925)
- 2003 – Space Shuttle Columbia crew
- Michael P. Anderson, American colonel, pilot, and astronaut (b. 1959)
- David M. Brown, American captain, pilot, and astronaut (b. 1956)
- Kalpana Chawla, Indian-American engineer and astronaut (b. 1961)
- Laurel Clark, American captain, surgeon, and astronaut (b. 1961)
- Rick Husband, American colonel, pilot, and astronaut (b. 1957)
- William C. McCool, American commander, pilot, and astronaut (b. 1961)
- Ilan Ramon, Israeli colonel, pilot, and astronaut (b. 1954)
- 2003 – Mongo Santamaría, Cuban-American drummer and bandleader (b. 1922)
- 2004 – Suha Arın, Turkish director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1942)
- 2005 – John Vernon, Canadian-American actor (b. 1932)
- 2007 – Gian Carlo Menotti, Italian-American playwright and composer (b. 1911)
- 2008 – Beto Carrero, Brazilian actor and businessman (b. 1937)
- 2012 – Don Cornelius, American television host and producer (b. 1936)
- 2012 – Wisława Szymborska, Polish poet and translator, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1923)
- 2013 – Helene Hale, American politician (b. 1918)[102]
- 2013 – Ed Koch, American lawyer, judge, and politician, 105th Mayor of New York City (b. 1924)
- 2013 – Shanu Lahiri, Indian painter and educator (b. 1928)
- 2013 – Cecil Womack, American singer-songwriter and producer (b. 1947)
- 2014 – Luis Aragonés, Spanish footballer and manager (b. 1938)
- 2014 – Vasily Petrov, Russian marshal (b. 1917)
- 2014 – Rene Ricard, American poet, painter, and critic (b. 1946)
- 2014 – Maximilian Schell, Austrian-Swiss actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1930)
- 2015 – Aldo Ciccolini, Italian-French pianist (b. 1925)
- 2015 – Udo Lattek, German footballer, manager, and sportscaster (b. 1935)
- 2015 – Monty Oum, American animator, director, and screenwriter (b. 1981)
- 2016 – Óscar Humberto Mejía Victores, Guatemalan general and politician, 27th President of Guatemala (b. 1930)
- 2017 – Desmond Carrington, British actor and broadcaster (b. 1926)
- 2018 – Barys Kit, Belarusian rocket scientist (b. 1910)[103]
- 2018 – Mowzey Radio, Ugandan singer and songwriter (b. 1985)[104]
- 2019 – Jeremy Hardy, English comedian, radio host and panelist (b. 1961)[105]
- 2019 – Clive Swift, English actor (b. 1936)[106]
- 2019 – Wade Wilson, American football player and coach (b. 1959)[107]
- 2021 – Dustin Diamond, American actor, director, stand-up comedian, and musician (b. 1977)[108]
- 2021 – Temur Tsiklauri, Georgian pop singer and actor (b. 1946)[109]
- 2022 – Remi De Roo, Canadian bishop of the Catholic Church (b. 1924)[110]
Holidays and observances
[edit]- Abolition of Slavery Day (Mauritius)
- Air Force Day (Nicaragua)
- Christian feast day:
- Earliest day on which Constitution Day can fall, while February 7 is the latest; celebrated on the first Monday in February. (Mexico)
- Federal Territory Day (Kuala Lumpur, Labuan and Putrajaya, Malaysia)
- Heroes Day (Rwanda)
- Saint Brigid's Day/Imbolc (Ireland,[111] Scotland, Isle of Man, and some Neopagan groups in the Northern hemisphere)
- Memorial Day of the Republic (Hungary)
- National Freedom Day (United States)
- The start of Black History Month (United States and Canada)
- World Hijab Day[112]
References
[edit]- ^ The London Magazine, Or, Gentleman's Monthly Intelligencer. R. Baldwin. 1759. p. 591.
- ^ Bain, Robert Nisbet (1911). . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 21 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 902–929, see midway on page 905.
....and thus it came about that, when peace was concluded at Thorn, on the 1st of February 1411...
- ^ Translations from Red Flag. Joint Publications Research Service. 1982. p. 73.
- ^ Lars Bergquist (2005). Swedenborg's Secret: The Meaning and Significance of the Word of God, the Life of the Angels, and Service to God : a Biography. The Swedenborg Society. p. 50. ISBN 978-0-85448-143-9.
- ^ Rabindranath Tagor Institute (February 5, 2015). "Speech – 'Abolition of Slavery' – Art Exhibition" (PDF). Retrieved February 2, 2020.
- ^ Bryan Perrett (November 20, 2013). Why the Germans Lost: The Rise and Fall of the Black Eagle. Pen and Sword. p. 73. ISBN 978-1-78159-197-0.
- ^ Punch. January 1986. p. 63.
- ^ Liam O'Leary; British Film Institute (1980). Rex Ingram: master of the silent cinema. Le Giornate del Cinema Muto. p. 27. ISBN 978-0-85170-443-2.
- ^ Legrand, Jacques (1987). Chronicle of the 20th Century. Ecam Publication. p. 11. ISBN 0-942191-01-3.
- ^ Villiers, John (October 18, 2006). "VII – Sir Francis Villiers and the Fall of the Portuguese Monarchy" (PDF). The Treaty of Windsor (1386) and 620 Years of Angloportuguese Relations (PDF). Conference Organised by the Instituto Camões Centre for Portuguese Language. Oxford: Teresa Pinto Coelho. p. 11. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 26, 2011. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
- ^ "Recognition of Russia". Evening Star. Press Association. February 2, 1924. p. 4. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
- ^ United States Navy, Office of Naval Intelligence (1943). "Early Raids in the Pacific Ocean: February 1 to March 10, 1942". Combat Narrative. Publication Section, Combat Intelligence Branch.
- ^ Roberts, Walter R. "The Voice of America: Origins and Recollections". University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Archived from the original on October 30, 2009. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
- ^ Apter, David E. (1994). Revolutionary discourse in Mao's Republic. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. p. 382. ISBN 9780674767805. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
- ^ "Trygve Halvdan Lie | United Nations Secretary-General". www.un.org. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
- ^ Burant, Stephen R., ed. (1990). Hungary: A Country Study. Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. p. 48. LCCN 90006426.
- ^ "Up From Kitty Hawk: A Chronology of Aerospace Power Since 1903". Air Force Magazine. December 2003. p. 45. Retrieved January 15, 2021.
- ^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Douglas DC-6A N34954 Rikers Island, NY". Aviation Safety Network. Flight Safety Foundation.
- ^ Schmidt, Christopher W. (March 13, 2018). The Sit-Ins: Protest and Legal Change in the Civil Rights Era. University of Chicago Press. p. 19. ISBN 978-0-226-52258-6. Retrieved December 29, 2021.
- ^ Trust, Gary (February 1, 2013). "Feb. 1, 1964: The Beatles Score First Billboard Hot 100 No. 1 With 'I Want To Hold Your Hand'". Billboard. Retrieved December 29, 2021.
- ^ Thomas, Robert McG. Jr. (July 16, 1998). "Nguyen Ngoc Loan, 67, Dies; Executed Viet Cong Prisoner". The New York Times. Retrieved December 29, 2021.
- ^ Gilmour, Sarah (May 17, 2006). "Navy celebrates 96 years" (PDF). The Maple Leaf. 9 (10). Archived from the original (PDF) on February 6, 2009. Retrieved December 29, 2021.
- ^ Guan, Yeoh Seng (February 5, 2014). The Other Kuala Lumpur: Living in the Shadows of a Globalising Southeast Asian City. Routledge. p. 16. ISBN 978-1-317-91121-0. Retrieved December 29, 2021.
- ^ "1979: Exiled Ayatollah Khomeini returns to Iran". BBC news. February 1979.
- ^ "BENSON AND HEDGES CUP Australia wins on a 'creeper'". The Canberra Times. February 2, 1981. p. 16. Retrieved April 1, 2015 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Swearingen SA227-AC Metro III N683AV Los Angeles International Airport, CA (LAX)". www.aviation-safety.net. Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved December 29, 2020.
- ^ ANSS. "M 6.9 - 77 km NW of P?r?n, Afghanistan 1991". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
- ^ "Warren Anderson: 30-Year old road to nowhere". The Indian Express. Bhopal. Express News Service. November 1, 2014. Retrieved December 29, 2021.
- ^ "U.S. Senate: U.S. Senate Roll Call Votes 104th Congress - 2nd Session". www.senate.gov. Retrieved December 29, 2021.
- ^ Patrick, Bethanne Kelly (October 31, 2017). "Rear Adm. Lillian Fishburne". Military.com. Retrieved December 29, 2021.
- ^ Risen, Clay (July 30, 2021). "Ruth Pearl, Mother of Murdered Reporter Daniel Pearl, Dies at 85". The New York Times. Retrieved December 29, 2021.
- ^ "Molten aluminum found on Columbia's thermal tiles". USA Today. Houston. AP. March 4, 2003. Retrieved December 29, 2021.
- ^ "Hundreds killed in Hajj stampede". BBC News. February 1, 2004. Retrieved December 29, 2021.
- ^ Gettleman, Jeffrey; Wong, Edward (February 1, 2004). "Twin Bombings in Northern Iraq Kill at Least 56". The New York Times. Retrieved February 10, 2023.
- ^ "Nepal's king declares emergency". BBC News. February 1, 2005. Retrieved December 29, 2021.
- ^ "Fujita Tornado Damage Scale". www.spc.noaa.gov.
- ^ "Fyrsta ráðuneyti Jóhönnu Sigurðardóttur" [First cabinet of Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir]. Historical material (in Icelandic). Cabinet of Iceland. Retrieved September 29, 2012.
- ^ "Egypt football violence leaves many dead in Port Said". BBC News. February 2, 2012.
- ^ "The Shard opens up to share its high, wide and handsome view". The Guardian. January 11, 2013. Retrieved January 12, 2013.
- ^ "Military takes control of Myanmar; Suu Kyi reported detained". ABC. February 1, 2021. Retrieved February 1, 2021.
- ^ "Five-year-old boy dies after five days trapped in well in Morocco". The Independent. February 6, 2022. Retrieved February 6, 2022.
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 784; lines one and two.
....was born at Annery in North Devon on the 1st of February 1261...
- ^ ARTAUD DE MONTOR, ALEXIS FRANCOIS. (1866). The Lives and Times of the Roman Pontifs, from St. Peter to Pius IX. D. & J. Sadlier. p. 140.
- ^ Robert Dodsley (1780). A Select Collection of Old Plays: Adventures of five hours. J. Nichols. pp. 426–.
- ^ Philip H. Highfill; Kalman A. Burnim; Edward A. Langhans (1991). A Biographical Dictionary of Actors, Actresses, Musicians, Dancers, Managers & Other Stage Personnel in London, 1660-1800. SIU Press. p. 267. ISBN 978-0-8093-1525-3.
- ^ Lawrence Balter (2000). Parenthood in America: A-M. ABC-CLIO. p. 301. ISBN 978-1-57607-213-4.
- ^ Jacques Lassaigne; Theodor Enescu (1964). Ștefan Luchian. Meridiane. p. 104. ISBN 978-973-33-0163-9.
- ^ The Record Collector: A Magazine for Collectors of Recorded Vocal Art. J. F. E. Dennis. 1999. p. 92.
- ^ Katzarova, Mariana (2003). "Dimitrov-Maistora, Vladimir". Grove Art Online. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T022809. Retrieved February 20, 2024.
- ^ "Clark Gable | Biography, Movies, & Facts". Britannica. Retrieved March 30, 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Famous birthdays for Feb. 1: Harry Styles, Julia Garner". UPI. February 1, 2023. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
- ^ Mason, Tony (September 23, 2004). "Matthews, Sir Stanley (1915–2000), footballer". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/73782. Retrieved February 1, 2021. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Turner, Jenny (April 17, 2006). "Dame Muriel Spark". The Guardian. Archived from the original on February 11, 2023. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
- ^ "Le peintre franco-chinois Zao Wou-ki est mort" [The Franco-Chinese painter Zao Wou-ki is dead]. Le Monde (in French). Retrieved February 3, 2018.
- ^ "About Vivian Maier". Maloof Collection, Ltd. Retrieved March 7, 2024.
- ^ Times, The (November 6, 2024). "Sir John Nott obituary: Sharp-tongued defence secretary". www.thetimes.com. Retrieved November 8, 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Rose, Mike (February 1, 2023). "Today's famous birthdays list for February 1, 2023 includes celebrities Harry Styles, Ronda Rousey". The Plain Dealer. Associated Press. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
- ^ Pulver, Andrew (January 22, 2020). "Terry Jones, Monty Python founder and Life of Brian director, dies aged 77". The Guardian. Retrieved January 22, 2020.
- ^ "Mary Jane -Miji- Reoch". el sitio de Ciclismo. Retrieved September 16, 2018.
- ^ "ITF Database".
- ^ Hadoke, Toby (April 20, 2011). "Elisabeth Sladen obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved February 1, 2020.
- ^ "Actor, director and radio presenter Lex Marinos dies aged 75". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. September 13, 2024. Retrieved September 14, 2024.
- ^ "T.R. Dunn". National Basketball Association. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
- ^ "Wade Wilson". ESPN. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
- ^ "Veteran PMK leader 'Kaduvetti' J Guru, who stood for Vanniyar pride, passes away in Tamil Nadu". May 26, 2018. THE NEW INDIAN EXPRESS (26 may 2018)
- ^ Day by Day in Jewish Sports History. KTAV Publishing House. 2008. ISBN 9780881259698.
- ^ Scott's monthly stamp journal. 1966. p. 63.
- ^ "Michelle Akers". IOC. Retrieved February 1, 2021.
- ^ Lisa Kumar (April 2007). Something about the Author: Facts and Pictures about Authors and Illustrators of Books for Young People. Cengage Gale. p. 26. ISBN 978-0-7876-8799-1.
- ^ "Lisa Marie Presley, Daughter of Elvis and Priscilla, Dead at 54: 'The Most Strong and Loving Woman'".
- ^ "Mark Recchi". National Hockey League. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
- ^ Bierly, Mandi (February 1, 2008). "Happy 40th Birthday, Pauly Shore!". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved January 23, 2023.
- ^ "Tommy Salo". National Hockey League. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
- ^ Swanson, Abigail (December 5, 2011). "Leymah Gbowee (1972- ) •". blackpast.org. Retrieved July 26, 2021.
- ^ Be Allah, Sha (February 1, 2022). "Happy 47th Birthday to Outkast's Big Boi!". The Source. Retrieved January 23, 2023.
- ^ "Tomas Vlasak". National Hockey League. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
- ^ "Phil Ivey". PokerNews. Retrieved August 28, 2017.
- ^ "Kevin Martin Official Site - Youth". KMart23.com. Kevin Martin Official. Retrieved February 2, 2020.
- ^ "Ladislav Smid". National Hockey League. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
- ^ "Austin Jackson". ESPN. Retrieved March 10, 2019.
- ^ "Tyler Myers". National Hockey League. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
- ^ "Blake Austin". Rugby League Project.
- ^ "Sean Manaea". Major League Baseball. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
- ^ "Anna-Lena Friedsam | Player Stats & More – WTA Official". Women's Tennis Association. Retrieved October 17, 2022.
- ^ Rogers, Jude (14 May 2017). "Harry Styles: teen star turned serious player?". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 24 October 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
- ^ "Ahmad Abughaush". olympedia.org. Retrieved March 18, 2024.
- ^ "Drew Eubanks". National Basketball Association. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
- ^ "TWICE". twice.jype.com (in Korean). Retrieved November 5, 2020.
- ^ "FIFA Club World Cup Morocco 2022™: List of Players: Al Ahly SC" (PDF). FIFA. February 7, 2023. p. 1. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 12, 2023. Retrieved February 18, 2023.
- ^ "Talanoa Hufanga". ESPN. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
- ^ "Anders Chydenius" (in Swedish). Svenskt Biografiskt Lexikon. Retrieved February 26, 2022.
- ^ "Chydenius, Anders (1729 - 1803)". SKS Henkilöhistoria (in Finnish). The National Biography of Finland. Retrieved February 26, 2022.
- ^ Marsh, Nicholas (2009). Mary Shelley: Frankenstein. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 197. ISBN 978-0-23020-097-5.
- ^ P. L. Edgar (1969). "Boucaut, Sir James Penn (1831 - 1916)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Vol. 3. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. pp. 199–200. ISBN 978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943. Retrieved December 9, 2013.
- ^ Storsletten, Ola (August 22, 2023). "Georg Andreas Bull". In Bolstad, Erik (ed.). Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Norsk nettleksikon. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
- ^ Larsen, Øivind; Skålevåg, Svein Atle (October 23, 2023). "Johan Scharffenberg". In Bolstad, Erik (ed.). Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Norsk nettleksikon. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
- ^ "Canal HISTORIA". amcselekt.es. Retrieved July 16, 2024.
- ^ Siegel, Fred (February 4, 1988). "Doctors: Unusual Circumstances Surrounded Actress' Death". apnews.com. Associated Press. Archived from the original on August 30, 2019. Retrieved January 1, 2020.
- ^ Franco, Eduardo (January 27, 2024). "Eduardo Franco: Aquel iracundo del amor falleció hace 35 años". elperuano.pe (in Spanish). Archived from the original on July 1, 2024. Retrieved July 1, 2024.
- ^ Al-Omani, Fadhil (February 16, 2019). "أحمد عبدالغفور عطار.. الأديب الموسوعي الذي برع في كل الآداب والفنون". alriyadh (in Arabic). Archived from the original on August 1, 2022. Retrieved August 1, 2022.
- ^ "Sven Thofelt". olympedia.org. Retrieved March 14, 2024.
- ^ Barbee-Wooten, Daphne (August 2, 2013). "Helene H. Hale (1918-2013)". blackpast.org. Retrieved April 15, 2020.
- ^ "Famous Belarusian scientist Barys Kit dead at 107". Belsat. February 2, 2012. Retrieved February 3, 2018.
- ^ "Born On 1st January, Died On 1st February, 10 Facts You Should Know About The Fallen Ugandan Music Star Mowzey Radio". February 1, 2018. Retrieved February 2, 2018.
- ^ "Jeremy Hardy: Comedian and Radio 4 panel star dies aged 57". BBC News. February 1, 2019.
- ^ Barker, Dennis (February 1, 2019). "Clive Swift obituary". Theguardian.com. Retrieved February 1, 2019.
- ^ "Police issue statement on Wade Wilson death, Cowboys react". Dallas Cowboys. February 2019.
- ^ Henderson, Sydney (February 1, 2021). "Dustin Diamond dead; 'Saved by the Bell' star was 44 (Report)". USA Today. Retrieved February 1, 2021.
- ^ "Singer Temur Tsiklauri dies of Covid at 75". Agenda.ge. February 1, 2021. Retrieved February 1, 2021.
- ^ "Bishop Remi Joseph De Roo".
- ^ "Government agrees Covid Recognition Payment and New Public Holiday". Gov.ie. Department of the Taoiseach. January 19, 2022. Retrieved January 20, 2022.
- ^ "'We're not oppressed': Canadians unite to mark World Hijab Day - National | Globalnews.ca". Global News. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
External links
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to February 1.
Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 | Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_18 views | ↧ Download as ZWI file
EncycloReader
is supported by the 
KSF