Categories
  Encyclosphere.org ENCYCLOREADER
  supported by EncyclosphereKSF

Fitchburg, Massachusetts

From Wikipedia - Reading time: 25 min

Fitchburg, Massachusetts
City
Downtown Fitchburg seen from the south
Downtown Fitchburg seen from the south
Flag of Fitchburg, Massachusetts
Flag
Official seal of Fitchburg, Massachusetts
Seal
Nickname(s): 
City by the River, The Burg, The Dirty 'Burg (Derogatory, occasionally endearing)
Location in Worcester County and the state of Massachusetts.
Location in Worcester County and the state of Massachusetts.
Fitchburg, Massachusetts is located in the United States
Fitchburg, Massachusetts
Fitchburg, Massachusetts
Location in the United States
Coordinates: 42°35′00″N 71°48′10″W / 42.58333°N 71.80278°W / 42.58333; -71.80278
CountryUnited States
StateMassachusetts
CountyWorcester
Settled1730
Incorporated (town)1764
Incorporated (city)1872
Government
 • TypeMayor–council
 • City Council
City Council members[1]
Area
[2]
 • Total
28.12 sq mi (72.82 km2)
 • Land27.82 sq mi (72.06 km2)
 • Water0.29 sq mi (0.76 km2)
Elevation
482 ft (143 m)
Population
 (2020)
 • Total
41,946
 • Density1,507.55/sq mi (582.07/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (Eastern)
ZIP Code
01420
Area code351/978
FIPS code25-23875
GNIS feature ID0617121
Websitewww.fitchburgma.gov

Fitchburg is a city in northern Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. The third-largest city in the county, its population was 41,946 at the 2020 census.[3] Fitchburg State University is located here.

History

[edit]
Print of Fitchburg from 1882 by L.R. Burleigh with listing of landmarks

Fitchburg was first settled in by Europeans in 1730 as part of Lunenburg, and was officially set apart from that town and incorporated in 1764. The area was previously occupied by the Nipmuc tribe. It is named for John Fitch, one of the committee that procured the act of incorporation.[4] In July 1748 Fitch and his family, living in this isolated spot, were abducted to Canada by Native Americans, but returned the next year.[5]

Fitchburg is situated on both the Nashua River and a railroad line. The original Fitchburg Railroad ran through the Hoosac Tunnel, linking Boston and Albany, New York. The tunnel was built using the Burleigh Rock Drill, designed and built in Fitchburg. Fitchburg was a 19th-century industrial center. Originally operated by water power, large mills produced machines, tools, clothing, paper, and firearms. The city is noted for its architecture, particularly in the Victorian style, built at the height of its mill town prosperity. A few examples of these 19th century buildings are the Fay Club, the old North Worcester County Courthouse[6] and the Bullock house.[7]

In 1922, it was affected by the 1922 New England Textile Strike, shutting down the mills in the city over an attempted wage cut.[8][9][10]

As the city is one of Worcester County's two shire towns, it has hosted the Northern Worcester County Registry of Deeds, established in 1903, and the county jail on Water Street.

In 1961, two films Return to Peyton Place and By Love Possessed filmed exterior street scenes, town squares and public buildings in Fitchburg.[11]

Geography

[edit]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 28.1 square miles (73 km2), of which 27.8 square miles (72 km2) is land and 0.3 square miles (0.78 km2), or 1.07%, is water. The city is drained by the Nashua River. The highest point in Fitchburg is the summit of Brown Hill near the northwestern corner of the city, at 1,210 feet (370 m) above sea level.[12]

Fitchburg is bordered by Ashby to the north, Lunenburg to the east, Leominster to the south, Westminster to the west, and a small portion of Ashburnham to the northwest.

Neighborhoods

[edit]

Fitchburg is divided into multiple different neighborhoods/villages, including:

Climate

[edit]

Fitchburg's climate is humid continental, which is the predominant climate for Massachusetts and New England.[17] Summers are typically warm, rainy, and humid, while winters are cold, windy, and snowy. Spring and fall are usually mild, but conditions vary widely and depend on wind direction and jet stream positioning. The warmest month is July, with an average high temperature of about 84 °F and an average low temperature of about 63 °F. The coldest month is January, with an average high temperature of about 35 °F and an average low temperature of about 17 °F.

Climate data for Fitchburg Municipal Airport, Fitchburg, Massachusetts (1998-2020 normals); Snow: Fitchburg COOP (2016-2023)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 70
(21) 		80
(27) 		89
(32) 		94
(34) 		98
(37) 		99
(37) 		103
(39) 		100
(38) 		96
(36) 		87
(31) 		78
(26) 		74
(23) 		103
(39)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 57
(14) 		57
(14) 		68
(20) 		82
(28) 		90
(32) 		92
(33) 		94
(34) 		93
(34) 		89
(32) 		79
(26) 		70
(21) 		61
(16) 		96
(36)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 34.8
(1.6) 		38.0
(3.3) 		46.3
(7.9) 		59.2
(15.1) 		70.0
(21.1) 		78.1
(25.6) 		83.9
(28.8) 		82.3
(27.9) 		75.4
(24.1) 		62.2
(16.8) 		50.9
(10.5) 		40.2
(4.6) 		59.5
(15.3)
Daily mean °F (°C) 25.8
(−3.4) 		28.3
(−2.1) 		36.4
(2.4) 		48.0
(8.9) 		58.8
(14.9) 		67.5
(19.7) 		73.3
(22.9) 		71.6
(22.0) 		64.2
(17.9) 		51.5
(10.8) 		41.2
(5.1) 		31.5
(−0.3) 		49.3
(9.6)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 16.9
(−8.4) 		18.6
(−7.4) 		26.5
(−3.1) 		36.8
(2.7) 		47.5
(8.6) 		56.9
(13.8) 		62.7
(17.1) 		60.9
(16.1) 		53.1
(11.7) 		40.8
(4.9) 		31.4
(−0.3) 		22.7
(−5.2) 		39.1
(3.9)
Mean minimum °F (°C) −2
(−19) 		2
(−17) 		8
(−13) 		25
(−4) 		34
(1) 		44
(7) 		53
(12) 		50
(10) 		38
(3) 		26
(−3) 		17
(−8) 		4
(−16) 		−4
(−20)
Record low °F (°C) −10
(−23) 		−15
(−26) 		−12
(−24) 		15
(−9) 		29
(−2) 		36
(2) 		47
(8) 		45
(7) 		28
(−2) 		15
(−9) 		7
(−14) 		−7
(−22) 		−15
(−26)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 2.62
(67) 		3.01
(76) 		3.94
(100) 		3.79
(96) 		3.74
(95) 		4.59
(117) 		3.47
(88) 		3.49
(89) 		3.97
(101) 		4.46
(113) 		3.27
(83) 		3.41
(87) 		44.45
(1,129)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 15.1
(38) 		17.8
(45) 		18.6
(47) 		2.9
(7.4) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0.8
(2.0) 		3.1
(7.9) 		17.5
(44) 		70.7
(180)
Source: https://www.weather.gov/wrh/climate?wfo=box

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
YearPop.±%
17901,151—    
18001,390+20.8%
18101,566+12.7%
18201,736+10.9%
18302,169+24.9%
18402,604+20.1%
18505,120+96.6%
18607,805+52.4%
187011,260+44.3%
188012,429+10.4%
189022,037+77.3%
190031,531+43.1%
191037,826+20.0%
192041,029+8.5%
193040,692−0.8%
194041,824+2.8%
195042,691+2.1%
196043,021+0.8%
197043,343+0.7%
198039,580−8.7%
199041,194+4.1%
200039,102−5.1%
201040,318+3.1%
202041,946+4.0%
202241,502−1.1%

Source: United States census records and Population Estimates Program data.[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]
Source:
U.S. Decennial Census[29]

As of the census[30] of 2010, there were 40,318 people, 15,165 households, and 9,362 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,450.3 inhabitants per square mile (560.0/km2). There were 17,117 housing units at an average density of 615.7 per square mile (237.7/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 78.2% White, 5.1% African American, 0.3% Native American, 3.6% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 9.1% from other races, and 3.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 21.6% of the population (14.6% Puerto Rican, 1.8% Dominican, 1.6% Uruguayan, 1.4% Mexican, 0.3% Ecuadorian, 0.2% Colombian, 0.2% Honduran, 0.1% Guatemalan, 0.1% Salvadoran, 0.1% Spanish, 0.1% Peruvian).[31] 76.9% spoke English, 15.1% Spanish, 4.2% Other Indo-European Language and 2.6% Asian and Pacific Islander Languages as their first language.

There were 15,165 households, out of which 29.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.3% were married couples living together, 6.1% had a male householder with no wife present, 16.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.3% were non-families. 29.8% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.10.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 22.9% under the age of 18, 14.1% from 18 to 24, 25.9% from 25 to 44, 24.7% from 45 to 64, and 12.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $47,019, and the median income for a family was $57,245. Males had a median income of $47,350 versus $37,921 for females. The per capita income for the city was $22,972. About 14.6% of families and 19.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.3% of those under age 18 and 12.7% of those age 65 or over.

Economy

[edit]
Main Street, looking east, in c. 1912

Throughout the early twentieth century, Fitchburg was known for its paper industry, which occupied the banks of the Nashua River and employed a large segment of the European immigrant population. It has been noted by many residents in Fitchburg that the Nashua River would be dyed the color the paper mills had been coloring the paper that day.[32]

  • Founded in 1939, the Wachusett Potato Chip Company purchased the former County Jail buildings and grounds in the 1940s and has operated as a manufacturing and distributing facility for snack products since that time. It was purchased by UTZ in 2011 and still makes chips for local distribution using the Wachusett name.[33]
  • Two truck manufacturing firms, the Wachusett Truck Company and the New England Truck Company, operated in Fitchburg during the early twentieth century.
  • Simonds International, Saw manufacturer founded in Fitchburg in 1832 and still operating on Intervale Road.
  • The Iver Johnson Arms and Cycle Works made motorcycles for a short time, in addition to their primary products, firearms and bicycles.
  • Assumption Life, a large financial services company, was founded in Fitchburg in 1903 before moving to Moncton, New Brunswick.
  • When completed in June 2014 Great Wolf Lodge New England[34] will have spent over 70 million dollars in renovations to former Holiday Inn/Coco Key Water Resort There will be over 400 new permanent jobs created from this project.

Fitchburg Central Steam Plant

[edit]

The Fitchburg Central Steam Plant (locally known by its nickname: the PLT) was built in 1928 to provide steam and electricity to the many local paper mills. As the paper mills were abandoned or improved the Central Steam Plant fell into disuse and was abandoned. In 2008, the EPA designated the Central Steam Plant a brownfield site due to contamination of the site soil and groundwater with metals and inorganic contaminants. The EPA provided the City of Fitchburg $50,500 in grant money[35] to help clean up hazardous substances on the site.

Cleanup[36] of the Central Steam Plant started in 2010 and is ongoing as of July 2011. As of December 2015, the Fitchburg Central Steam Plant has been razed. The last structure to fall was its massive smokestack.

Arts and culture

[edit]

The Fitchburg Art Museum was founded in 1925 and includes over 20,000 square feet (1,900 m2) of gallery and educational space which features a "cross barn" built in 1883, the Simond's building completed in 1989, and 12 galleries feature American, African, Egyptian, Greek, and Roman art.[37]

The Rollstone Boulder, on the summit of Rollstone Hill in 1909.

The Rollstone Boulder is a 110-ton specimen of porphyritic granite located in a small triangular public park. The boulder was a feature of the summit of Rollstone Hill; it was exploded and reassembled on the green in 1929 and 1930.[38]

The Fitchburg Historical Society houses more than 200,000 items related to the history of Fitchburg, including Sentinel newspapers from 1838 to 1976, city directories, photographs, scrapbooks, manuscripts, family genealogies, postcards, files on industries in the City, books and pamphlets on Fitchburg's history from the 1700s to the present, a Civil War collection, and a collection on the railroad.[39]

Public library, Fitchburg, c. 1907

The Fitchburg Public Library was established in 1859.[40][41] In 1899, a child-specific library service began in one of the country's first children's rooms.[42] Fitchburg Public Library became the first regional library in the Massachusetts Regional Library System in 1962.[43] In 2008, the library had a budget of $1,111,412.[44] In 2014, the Fitchburg Law Library opened.[45]

Other cultural features include:

Parks and recreation

[edit]
Coggshall Park
West Fitchburg Steamline Trail Park
  • Coggshall Park — a 300-acre (120 ha) park established in 1894, which features wooded trails, access to Mirror Lake, a walking path, gazebo, stone house, playground, and disc golf course.[48]
  • Flat Rock Wild Life Sanctuary[49] — a 326-acre (132 ha) wild life sanctuary.
  • Fitchburg Abolitionist Park — created in 2017 by volunteers to honor the rich history of anti-slavery activism in the city, including its role in the Underground Railroad.[50]
  • West Fitchburg Steam Line Trail[51] — a bike and walking path located in Fitchburg that is 0.6 acres (0.24 ha) long and runs along the Nashua River and Flag Brook in the Waites Corner neighborhood.
  • Crocker Field — an athletic facility listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[52]
  • Coolidge Park — a multi-use park located off John Fitch Highway, containing 2 street hockey rinks, 4 baseball/softball fields, a swimming pool and walking path.[53]
  • Fitchburg Dog Park — a 1-acre fenced, off-leash dog park located off John Fitch Highway within Coolidge Park.[54]

Government

[edit]

Education

[edit]
State Normal School c. 1920, now Fitchburg State University
Hammond Building, Fitchburg State University

Elementary schools

[edit]
  • Crocker Elementary School
  • South Street Elementary School
  • Reingold Elementary School

Middle schools

[edit]
  • Memorial Middle School
  • Longsjo Middle School

High schools

[edit]

Private schools

[edit]

St. Anthony of Padua School opened c. 1951 and closed in 2017. In its final year it had 144 students. Its closure meant that Fitchburg now has only one remaining Roman Catholic grade school.[61]

Colleges and universities

[edit]

Established in 1894 by an act of the Massachusetts Legislature, the State Normal School in Fitchburg opened in temporary quarters in the old high school building on Academy Street.[62]

Media

[edit]

Newspapers

[edit]

Television

[edit]
  • Fitchburg has its own access TV station, Fitchburg Access Television.[63] The station covers various local events, ranging from local school sports to municipal government meetings. FATV operates three Public, Education, and Government (PEG) channels. FATV channels can be viewed on Comcast (channels 8, 9, & 99) and on Verizon (channels 35, 36, & 37). FATV is not available on satellite TV.

Radio

[edit]
  • WPKZ, AM-1280 FM-105.3 Originally licensed in 1941
  • WXPL, FM-91.3 Fitchburg State Radio
  • WXLO, FM-104.5
  • WQPH, FM-89.3 (Queen of Perpetual Help) Shirley/Fitchburg an EWTN Catholic Radio affiliate

Infrastructure

[edit]

Fire department

[edit]

The Fitchburg Fire Department employs 81 firefighters, operating out of three stations. It responds to approximately 12,000 emergency calls annually.[64][65]

Law enforcement

[edit]
  • Fitchburg Police Department,[66] a full-service law enforcement agency responsible for 28 square miles (73 km2) and 192 miles (310 km) of public road. The department responds to over 40,000 incidents each year.
  • Worcester County Sheriff's Office[67]
  • Massachusetts State Police

Medical care

[edit]

UMass Memorial Health operates a hospital in Fitchburg.[68]

Transportation

[edit]
Fitchburg Municipal Airport

Transportation for Fitchburg is largely supplied by the Montachusett Regional Transit Authority (MART). MART[69] operates fixed-route bus services, shuttle services, as well as paratransit services within the Montachusett Region. It also provides two connections to the MBTA Commuter Rail line at Fitchburg Station and Wachusett Station. The Fitchburg Station is the second to last stop on the Fitchburg Line from the North Station in Boston and the Wachusett Station is the last stop.

The Fitchburg Municipal Airport occupies 335 acres (136 ha) off Airport Road in Fitchburg near the Leominster border. In 1940, the airport land was donated to the City of Fitchburg and serves the greater Fitchburg area.

Notable people

[edit]
[edit]

In Harry Potter universe, Fitchburg is the hometown of the professional Quidditch team the Fitchburg Finches.[109]

The children's book Henry Hikes to Fitchburg by D.B. Johnson is set in Fitchburg.

In 2012, Dark Horse Comics published a comic book series entitled Falling Skies: The Battle of Fitchburg.[110]

Twin towns – sister cities

[edit]

Fitchburg has four sister cities, as designated by Sister Cities International:

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "City Council". City of Fitchburg. Retrieved December 12, 2023.
  2. ^ "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 21, 2022.
  3. ^ "Census - Geography Profile: Fitchburg city, Massachusetts". Retrieved September 25, 2021.
  4. ^ Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Govt. Print. Off. p. 126.
  5. ^ Ezra S. Stearns, John Fitch: An address with appendix (Fitchburg Historical Society) 1894:31.
  6. ^ "Old Fitchburg Courthouse -". February 6, 2016. Archived from the original on February 6, 2016.
  7. ^ "Victorian house for sale Fitchburg MA". June 23, 2009.
  8. ^ Foner, Philip Sheldon; Foner, Philip Sheldon (January 1, 1991). History of the labor movement in the United States. 9: The T.U.E.L. to the end of the Gompers era / by Philip S. Foner. New York: Intl Publ. pp. 19–31. ISBN 978-0-7178-0674-4.
  9. ^ E. Tilden, Leonard (1923). "New England Textile Strike". Monthly Labor Review. 16 (5): 13–36. JSTOR 41828627 – via JSTOR.
  10. ^ Thomas, Edmund B. Jr. (January 1987). "The New England Textile Strike of 1922: Focus on Fitchburg" (PDF). Historical Journal of Massachusetts. 15 (1).
  11. ^ "Return to Peyton Place". May 5, 1961 – via www.imdb.com.
  12. ^ U.S. Geological Survey 7.5 × 15 minute series, Fitchburg quadrangle
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Fitchburg, MA Neighborhood Map – Income, House Prices, Occupations – list of neighborhoods". www.city-data.com. Retrieved December 3, 2015.
  14. ^ "Crockerville Fitchburg, MA". places.findthehome.com. Archived from the original on January 2, 2016. Retrieved December 3, 2015.
  15. ^ "the Patch neighborhood in Fitchburg, Massachusetts (MA), 01420 subdivision profile – real estate, apartments, condos, homes, community, population, jobs, income, streets". www.city-data.com. Retrieved December 3, 2015.
  16. ^ "Tar Hill Fitchburg, MA". places.findthehome.com. Archived from the original on January 2, 2016. Retrieved December 3, 2015.
  17. ^ "FITCHBURG 4 SE, MASSACHUSETTS - Climate Summary".
  18. ^ "Total Population (P1), 2010 Census Summary File 1". American FactFinder, All County Subdivisions within Massachusetts. United States Census Bureau. 2010.
  19. ^ "Massachusetts by Place and County Subdivision - GCT-T1. Population Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
  20. ^ "1990 Census of Population, General Population Characteristics: Massachusetts" (PDF). US Census Bureau. December 1990. Table 76: General Characteristics of Persons, Households, and Families: 1990. 1990 CP-1-23. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
  21. ^ "1980 Census of the Population, Number of Inhabitants: Massachusetts" (PDF). US Census Bureau. December 1981. Table 4. Populations of County Subdivisions: 1960 to 1980. PC80-1-A23. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
  22. ^ "1950 Census of Population" (PDF). Bureau of the Census. 1952. Section 6, Pages 21-10 and 21-11, Massachusetts Table 6. Population of Counties by Minor Civil Divisions: 1930 to 1950. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
  23. ^ "1920 Census of Population" (PDF). Bureau of the Census. Number of Inhabitants, by Counties and Minor Civil Divisions. Pages 21-5 through 21-7. Massachusetts Table 2. Population of Counties by Minor Civil Divisions: 1920, 1910, and 1920. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
  24. ^ "1890 Census of the Population" (PDF). Department of the Interior, Census Office. Pages 179 through 182. Massachusetts Table 5. Population of States and Territories by Minor Civil Divisions: 1880 and 1890. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
  25. ^ "1870 Census of the Population" (PDF). Department of the Interior, Census Office. 1872. Pages 217 through 220. Table IX. Population of Minor Civil Divisions, &c. Massachusetts. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
  26. ^ "1860 Census" (PDF). Department of the Interior, Census Office. 1864. Pages 220 through 226. State of Massachusetts Table No. 3. Populations of Cities, Towns, &c. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
  27. ^ "1850 Census" (PDF). Department of the Interior, Census Office. 1854. Pages 338 through 393. Populations of Cities, Towns, &c. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
  28. ^ "1950 Census of Population" (PDF). 1: Number of Inhabitants. Bureau of the Census. 1952. Section 6, Pages 21-7 through 21-09, Massachusetts Table 4. Population of Urban Places of 10,000 or more from Earliest Census to 1920. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 9, 2011. Retrieved July 12, 2011. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  29. ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  30. ^ "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010". Archived from the original on May 21, 2019. Retrieved April 3, 2012.
  31. ^ QT-P10 | Hispanic or Latino by Type: 2010[dead link‍] 2010 Census Summary File 1
  32. ^ Eggleston, Peter J. (2013). "Improving Public Access to the Nashua River in Lancaster, MA" (PDF): 14. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 2, 2017. Retrieved January 23, 2017. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  33. ^ STAFF, Aaron Nicodemus TELEGRAM & GAZETTE. "Wachusett Potato Chip Co. sold".
  34. ^ "Indoor Water Park New England Massachusetts - GreatWolf.com". www.greatwolf.com.
  35. ^ "Brownfields Grant Fact Sheet: Fitchburg, MA | Brownfields and Land Revitalization | US EPA". Cfpub.epa.gov. Retrieved February 1, 2012.
  36. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 5, 2011. Retrieved July 13, 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  37. ^ "Fitchburg Art Museum". Freedom's Way National Heritage Area. Archived from the original on February 29, 2024. Retrieved February 29, 2024.
  38. ^ "A beloved boulder in Fitchburg, Massachusetts has an intriguing history". WCVB. June 24, 2022. Retrieved February 29, 2024.
  39. ^ "Fitchburg Historical Society – Commonwealth Historical Collaborative". Retrieved February 29, 2024.
  40. ^ Report of the Free Public Library Commission of Massachusetts - Massachusetts Board of Library Commissioners, Free Public Library Commission of Massachusetts - Google Boeken. August 6, 2007. Retrieved February 1, 2012.
  41. ^ "Fitchburg Library". Fitchburgpubliclibrary.org. Archived from the original on March 7, 2012. Retrieved February 1, 2012.
  42. ^ "Library History | Fitchburg, MA". www.ci.fitchburg.ma.us. Archived from the original on February 29, 2024. Retrieved February 29, 2024.
  43. ^ "Library History | Fitchburg, MA". www.fitchburgpubliclibrary.org. Retrieved December 3, 2023.
  44. ^ http://mblc.state.ma.us/advisory/statistics/public/repmunicpie/index [dead link‍]
  45. ^ a b "This Page Has Moved". January 12, 2016. Archived from the original on January 12, 2016.
  46. ^ Sweeney, Sean (March 18, 2020). "Longsjo Classic won't roll out again". Sentinel and Enterprise. Retrieved February 29, 2024.
  47. ^ "saima-park.org". saima-park.org. Retrieved September 27, 2016.
  48. ^ "Coggshall Park". Fitchburg, MA. Retrieved January 6, 2024.
  49. ^ "About Flat Rock". Mass Audubon.
  50. ^ "Fitchburg Abolitionist Park". Freedom's Way National Heritage Area. Retrieved February 29, 2024.
  51. ^ "Steam Line Trail". Bikeitorhikeit.org. May 22, 2010. Retrieved February 1, 2012.
  52. ^ "Crocker Field Restoration Committee welcomes you!". www.crockerfield.org.
  53. ^ "Coolidge Park". Fitchburg, MA. Retrieved January 6, 2024.
  54. ^ "Fitchburg Dog Park". Fitchburg, MA. Retrieved January 6, 2024.
  55. ^ "Woman in the news: Fitchburg Mayor-elect Sam Squailia accentuates community". The Worcester Telegram & Gazette. Retrieved January 6, 2024.
  56. ^ "House Members". malegislature.gov. Retrieved December 31, 2021.
  57. ^ "Senator John J. Cronin". malegislature.gov. Retrieved December 31, 2021.
  58. ^ "Fitchburg High School".
  59. ^ "McKay Arts Academy".
  60. ^ "St. Bernard's Elementary School - "Deeds not Words"". www.stbernardselementary.org.
  61. ^ Burke, Amanda (June 14, 2017). "Saint Anthony closing after strong 66-year run". Sentinel and Enterprise. Retrieved May 2, 2020.
  62. ^ "History of Fitchburg State University - Fitchburg State University". May 6, 2014. Archived from the original on May 6, 2014.
  63. ^ "Home". FATV.
  64. ^ "Fire Department". Archived from the original on February 14, 2013. Retrieved June 19, 2013.
  65. ^ "Roster". Archived from the original on November 21, 2013. Retrieved June 19, 2013.
  66. ^ "Fitchburgpolice.com". Fitchburgpolice.com. Retrieved February 1, 2012.
  67. ^ "worcestercountysheriff.com". worcestercountysheriff.com. Retrieved February 1, 2012.
  68. ^ "UMass Memorial HealthAlliance-Clinton Hospital - UMass Memorial Health Care". www.umassmemorial.org.
  69. ^ "mrta.us". mrta.us. November 17, 2010. Retrieved February 1, 2012.
  70. ^ "Joseph Palmer, Fashion Criminal, Persecuted for Wearing a Beard". New England Historical Society. May 26, 2017. Retrieved January 13, 2022.
  71. ^ "Hebert Adams". National Academy Museum. Archived from the original on December 11, 2013. Retrieved December 6, 2013.
  72. ^ "Amerie". billboard. Retrieved December 10, 2013.
  73. ^ Legendary Locals of Fitchburg - Fitchburg Historical Society. Arcadia. February 17, 2014. p. 86. ISBN 9781467101103. Retrieved March 22, 2017.
  74. ^ http://www.ci.fitchburg.ma.us/Archive/ViewFile/Item/328 [bare URL]
  75. ^ "Michael Beasley". Basketball-Reference.com. Retrieved December 10, 2013.
  76. ^ "Ken Bouchard". Racing-Reference.com. Retrieved December 10, 2013.
  77. ^ "Ron Bouchard". Racing-Reference.com. Retrieved December 10, 2013.
  78. ^ "LC Linked Data Service: Authorities and Vocabularies: Briggs, Everett Francis". Library of Congress. The Library of Congress. Retrieved February 10, 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  79. ^ Iddon, Martin Iddon, and Cage, John (2013). John Cage and David Tudor: Correspondence on Interpretation and Performance. Cambridge University Press. p. 28. ISBN 9781107014329.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  80. ^ Powell, William Henry (1893). Officers of the Army and Navy (volunteer) who Served in the Civil War. L. R. Hamersley & Company. p. 241.
  81. ^ Palmer, Pete and Gillette, Gary (2006). The ESPN Baseball Encyclopedia. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. p. 828. ISBN 9781402736254.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  82. ^ Gilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). "Conn, Herbert William" . New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
  83. ^ "COOLIDGE, Marcus Allen, (1865 - 1947)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved December 10, 2013.
  84. ^ "CROCKER, Alvah, (1801 - 1874)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved December 10, 2013.
  85. ^ "George Crowther". Brown University Athletics. Archived from the original on August 1, 2014. Retrieved December 10, 2013.
  86. ^ Wallace, Peter (July 19, 2013). "Ryan Gomes' Hoops for Heart Health Basketball Camp comes to Harwinton". The Register Citizen. Retrieved December 10, 2013.
  87. ^ "Bruce Gordon". Santa Fe New Mexican. Retrieved December 10, 2013.
  88. ^ Fitchburg, Mass (1900). The Old Records of the Town of Fitchburg, Massachusetts: Vital statistics. Sentinel printing Company. p. 311.
  89. ^ Committee on the Judiciary, U.S. House of Representatives (1985). Witness Protection Act: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Courts, Civil Liberties and the Administration of Justice. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 122 – via Google Books.
  90. ^ Emerson, William Andrew (1887). Fitchburg, Massachusetts, Past and Present. Press of Blanchard & Brown. p. 112.
  91. ^ Hanninen, R. "Home Page Raivaaja, Fitchburg, MA USA". www.raivaaja.org.
  92. ^ "Lempi Ikävalko will read poem". Fitchburg Sentinel. October 1, 1964.
  93. ^ a b c "SALUTE TO WOMEN: Erika Lawler". Fitchburg Sentinel and Enterprise. July 31, 2013. Retrieved December 10, 2013.
  94. ^ Mason, Caroline Atherton Briggs (1891). The Lost Ring: And Other Poems. Houghton, Mifflin. p. x.
  95. ^ Matti Mattson
  96. ^ "Hiram Stevens Maxim". Grace's Guide. Retrieved December 6, 2013.
  97. ^ Salazar, Francisco (January 7, 2022). "Obituary: Renowned Teacher Patricia Misslin Dies at 81". Opera Wire.
  98. ^ "Pat Moran Stats". Baseball Almanac. Retrieved December 6, 2013.
  99. ^ "Clara Hapgood Nash: A Woman of Her Time and Ahead of It". Acton Historical Society website, June 17, 2018.
  100. ^ "Eleanor Norcross". Fitchburg Art Museum. Archived from the original on December 15, 2013. Retrieved December 6, 2013.
  101. ^ R. B. (1941). "Obituary, Benjamin Andrew Poore". Seventy-Second Annual Report of the Association of Graduates of the United States Military Academy (.pdf Download). Newburgh, NY: Moore Printing Company. pp. 152–154 – via West Point Digital Library.
  102. ^ Dunning, Jennifer (April 27, 1995). "Marion B. S. Rice, A Dance Teacher And Producer, 90". The New York Times. Retrieved December 6, 2013.
  103. ^ "Kansas Governor Charles Lawrence Robinson". National Governors Association. Retrieved December 6, 2013.
  104. ^ Bishop, John Leander and Troxell, Edwin (1868). A history of American manufactures from 1608 to 1860. E. Young. p. 579.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  105. ^ Hitchcock, George A. (1902). A History of the Calvinistic Congregational Church: And Society Fitchburg, Massachusetts. Authorized by vote of the Society. p. 25.
  106. ^ Hyde, William and Conard, Howard Louis (1899). Encyclopedia of the History of St. Louis: A Compendium of History ..., Volume 4. Southern History Company. p. 2541.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  107. ^ Harris Elwood Starr (1936). "Worcester, Samuel". Dictionary of American Biography. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
  108. ^ Wilson, J. G.; Fiske, J., eds. (1889). "Worcester, Noah, clergyman" . Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. New York: D. Appleton.
  109. ^ Whisp, Kennilworthy (2001). Quidditch Through the Ages. WhizzHard Books. pp. 31–46. ISBN 1-55192-454-4.
  110. ^ Eckhardt, Chrissie (April 13, 2012). "FALLING SKIES: DARK HORSE DIGITAL and TNT Partner for Season Two FALLING SKIES COMIC". tntnewsroom.com. Archived from the original on April 17, 2012. Retrieved June 20, 2012.

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fitchburg, Massachusetts.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Fitchburg.
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 | Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitchburg,_Massachusetts
5 views |
↧ Download as ZWI file
Encyclosphere.org EncycloReader is supported by the EncyclosphereKSF