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Foreign relations of Dominica

From Wikipedia - Reading time: 21 min

Politics of Dominica
Executive
Legislative
Elections
Administrative divisions (parishes)
Foreign relations

Like its Eastern Caribbean neighbours, the main priority of Dominica's foreign relations is economic development. The country maintains missions in Washington, New York, London, and Brussels and is represented jointly with other Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) members in Canada. Dominica is also a member of the Caribbean Development Bank (CDB), Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, and the Commonwealth of Nations. It became a member of the United Nations and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in 1978 and of the World Bank and Organization of American States (OAS) in 1979.

As a member of CARICOM, in July 1994 Dominica strongly backed efforts by the United States to implement United Nations Security Council Resolution 940, designed to facilitate the departure of Haiti's de facto authorities from power. The country agreed to contribute personnel to the multinational force, which restored the democratically elected government of Haiti in October 1994.

In May 1997, Prime Minister James joined 14 other Caribbean leaders, and President Clinton, during the first-ever U.S.-regional summit in Bridgetown, Barbados. The summit strengthened the basis for regional cooperation on justice and counternarcotics issues, finance and development, and trade. Dominica previously maintained official relations with the Republic of China (commonly known as "Taiwan") instead of the People's Republic of China, but on 23 March 2004, a joint communique was signed in Beijing, paving the way for diplomatic recognition of the People's Republic. Beijing responded to Dominica's severing relations with the Republic of China by giving them a $12 million aid package, which includes $6 million in budget support for the year 2004 and $1 million annually for six years.

In June 2020, Dominica was one of 53 countries backing the Hong Kong national security law at the United Nations.[1]

Dominica is also a member of the International Criminal Court with a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US-military (as covered under Article 98).

International disputes

[edit]

Dominica claims Venezuelan waters around controlled Isla Aves (Known in Dominica as Bird Rock) located roughly 90 km. west of Dominica.[2]

Diplomatic relations

[edit]

List of countries which Dominica maintains diplomatic relations with

# Country Date
1  Antigua and Barbuda Unknown
2  Bahamas Unknown
3  Grenada Unknown
4  Haiti Unknown
5  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Unknown
6  Barbados 3 November 1978[3]
7  Guyana 3 November 1978[4]
8  Jamaica 3 November 1978[5]
9  South Korea 3 November 1978[6]
10  Japan 12 November 1978[7]
11  United Kingdom 13 December 1978[8]
12  France 17 January 1979[9]
13  Israel January 1979[10]
14  Suriname 1 March 1979[11]
15  Canada 14 March 1979[12]
16  Mexico 19 April 1979[13]
17  Luxembourg 1 May 1979[14]
18  United States 18 July 1979[15]
19  Venezuela 21 December 1979[16]
20  Saint Lucia 1979[17]
21  Colombia 3 June 1980[18]
22  Spain 29 September 1980[19]
23  Germany 9 December 1980[20]
24  Belgium 1980[21]
25  Netherlands 1980[22]
—  Holy See 1 September 1981[23]
26  Belize 21 September 1981[24]
27  India 28 March 1982[25]
28  Australia 1982[26]
29  Trinidad and Tobago June 1983[27]
30  Saint Kitts and Nevis 1983[28]
31  Sweden 3 May 1984[29]
32  Italy 23 March 1985[30]
33  Argentina 13 June 1985[31]
34  Peru 18 March 1986[32]
35  Brazil 9 April 1986[33]
36  North Korea 21 January 1991[34]
37  Chile 4 October 1991[35]
38  Slovenia 9 July 1993[36]
39  Indonesia 19 April 1994[37]
40  Russia 19 May 1995[38]
41  Czech Republic 13 March 1996[35]
42  Cuba 18 May 1996[39]
43  North Macedonia 18 October 1996[40]
44  Portugal 27 December 1996[35]
45  South Africa 29 April 1998[41]
46  Austria 1999[42][43]
47  Libya 15 January 2001[35]
48  Norway 26 March 2001[44]
49  Costa Rica 10 May 2001[35]
50  Ireland 6 July 2001[35]
51  Cyprus 13 July 2001[35]
52  Nigeria 2002[26]
53  Mauritius 23 September 2003[35]
54  Qatar 20 February 2004[35]
55  China 23 March 2004[45]
56  Iceland 29 June 2004[35]
57  Belarus 9 July 2004[46]
58  Maldives 21 July 2004[35]
59  Malta 11 February 2005[47]
60  Greece 15 November 2005[35]
61  Thailand 25 November 2005[48]
62   Switzerland 2005[49]
63  Slovakia 7 February 2006[35]
64  Turkey 13 April 2006[35]
65  Algeria 22 June 2006[35]
66  Estonia 13 February 2007[50]
67  Botswana 23 July 2007[35]
68  Latvia 27 September 2007[51]
69  Hungary 2 June 2008[35]
70  Dominican Republic 23 July 2008[52]
71  Saudi Arabia 23 January 2009[35]
72  Senegal 28 January 2009[35]
73  Romania 30 January 2009[35]
74  Monaco 27 February 2009[53]
75  Nicaragua 2 June 2009[35]
76  Poland 4 June 2009[35]
77  Ecuador 24 June 2009[35]
78  Guatemala 12 August 2009[35]
79  Finland 19 August 2009[54]
80  Ethiopia 2009[55]
81  Serbia 22 April 2010[35]
82  Cambodia 27 April 2010[35]
83  Morocco 23 June 2010[35]
84  Egypt 7 July 2010[35]
85  Georgia 15 December 2010[35]
86  Montenegro 25 February 2011[35]
87  Uruguay 1 March 2011[56]
88  Azerbaijan 4 March 2011[35]
89  Solomon Islands 7 March 2011[57]
90  Tajikistan 13 April 2011[35]
91  Bulgaria 28 April 2011[35]
92  Philippines 29 April 2011[35]
93  Mongolia 18 October 2011[35]
94  Panama 15 March 2012[58]
95  Moldova 29 May 2012[59]
96  Bolivia 5 June 2012[60]
97  Singapore 6 June 2012[61]
98  Gambia 26 July 2012[35]
99  Tuvalu 26 July 2012[35]
—  Kosovo 12 December 2012[62]
100  Croatia 20 April 2013[35]
101  Kazakhstan 30 April 2013[35]
102  El Salvador 5 June 2013[63]
103  Lithuania 7 October 2013[35]
104  Vietnam 1 November 2013[35]
105  Bosnia and Herzegovina 6 March 2014[35]
106  Fiji 21 March 2014[35]
107  New Zealand 26 March 2014[64]
108  Honduras 5 June 2014[65]
109  United Arab Emirates 17 December 2014[35]
110  Malaysia 19 January 2015[66]
111  Paraguay 5 March 2015[67]
112  Turkmenistan 13 October 2016[35]
113  Kyrgyzstan 17 October 2016[35]
114  Djibouti 9 January 2018[68]
115  Ghana 18 January 2018[35]
116  Kiribati 22 January 2018[35]
—  State of Palestine 18 March 2018[69]
117  Sri Lanka 17 April 2018[35]
118  Ivory Coast 17 May 2018[70]
119  Iran 2018[71]
120  Palau 2018[71]
121  Denmark 20 February 2019[71][72]
122  Armenia 5 April 2019[73]
123  Ukraine 25 April 2019[74]
124  Cape Verde 15 May 2019[35]
125  Brunei 22 January 2020[35]
126  Kenya 1 July 2020[75]
127  Bangladesh 24 November 2020[35]
128  Rwanda 15 April 2021[35]
129  Afghanistan 27 April 2021[76]
130  Andorra 30 April 2021[35]
131    Nepal 30 April 2021[35]
132  Uganda 4 May 2021[35]
133  Eritrea 11 May 2021[35]
134  Uzbekistan 14 May 2021[77]
135  San Marino 16 June 2021[78]
136  Seychelles 23 June 2021[79]
137  Laos 29 July 2021[35]
138  Sudan 13 August 2021[80]
139  Kuwait 10 September 2021[35]
140  Vanuatu 20 September 2021[35]
141  East Timor 15 November 2021[35]
—  Syria (suspended) 7 March 2022[35][81]
142  Bahrain 23 September 2022[35]
143  Gabon 14 March 2023[82]
144  Pakistan 6 February 2024[35]
145  Benin 24 September 2024[35]
146  Tonga 25 October 2024[83]

Bilateral relations

[edit]
Country Formal relations began Notes
 Australia

Australia is represented in Dominica through its High Commission in Trinidad and Tobago.[84]

 Austria
  • Since 2016, Austria is represented in Dominica by its embassy in Havana, Cuba.[85][86]
  • Dominica idoes not have any representation in Austria.[87][88]
 Azerbaijan 2011

Azerbaijan and Dominica have established diplomatic relations in 2011.[89] Prime Minister Roosevelt Skerrit made an official visit to Azerbaijan later this year.[90]

 Belize 1981
 Bulgaria

Bulgaria is represented in Dominica through its embassy in Cuba.[93]

 Canada 1978
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1978.[94]
  • Bilateral relations are described as "close and friendly."[95]
  • Canada is represented in Dominica, through its High Commission in Barbados.[95]
 Colombia 1980[96]

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 December 1980. Colombia is represented in Dominica through its embassy in Kingston, Jamaica.[97]

 Chile

Both countries have diplomatic relations. Both countries waived visa for diplomatic passports holders.[98]

 Croatia 2013[99]

Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between the Republic of Croatia and the Commonwealth of Dominica was signed on 30 July 2013.[99]

 People's Republic of China 2004[100]

Diplomatic relations were established on 31 March 2004, when Dominica suspended ties with the Republic of China (Taiwan).[101]

 Cuba 1996

In December 2005, during the second CARICOM/CUBA summit held in Barbados, heads of CARICOM and Cuba agreed to deepen their ties in the areas of socio-economic and political cooperation in addition to medical care assistance. Since the meeting, Cuba has opened four additional embassies in the Caribbean Community including Dominica.[102]

 Cyprus 2001[103]

Both countries are members of the Commonwealth of Nations. A Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between the Republic of Cyprus and the Commonwealth of Dominica was signed on 13 June 2001 in New York[103]

 Finland 2009[104]

Finland recognised Dominica on 23 February 1979. Diplomatic relations were established on 19 August 2009.[104]

 France 1979[105]

France is represented in Dominica, through its embassy in Saint Lucia. Dominica and France have signed many bilateral agreements.[106]

 Germany 1980

Both countries have diplomatic relations since 1980.[107] Political and economic relations are friendly but fairly low-key.[108]

 Greece 2005[109]

Diplomatic relations were established on 15 November 2005. Greece is represented in Dominica via parallel accreditation of its embassy in Caracas. Dominica has appointed an ambassador accredited to Greece, based in Roseau, Dominica.[109]

 Grenada

Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations, of the Organization of American States and of the Caribbean Community.

 Guyana 1978

Dominica and Guyana have established diplomatic relations on 3 November 1978.[110] Guyana has a High Commission in Roseau.[111]

 Honduras 2014

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 June 2014[112] during the General Assembly of the Organization of American States in Asunción.

 Hungary

Hungary is represented in Dominica by its embassy in Havana, Cuba.[113][114]

 Iceland
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in 2004.[115]
  • Iceland is represented in Dominica through its embassy in New York, United States. Both countries have an agreement on cooperation on geothermal energy.[116]
 Ireland

Ireland is represented in Dominica through its embassy in Havana, Cuba.[117][118]

 India 1981 See Dominica–India relations

Dominica and India established diplomatic relation in 1981.[119] Both countries are members of the Commonwealth of Nations.

 Indonesia

Indonesia is represented in Dominica through its embassy in Caracas, Venezuela[120]

 Israel 1979
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1979.[121]
  • Israel is represented in Dominica through its embassy in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.
  • Both countries have an agreement on visa abolition.[122]
 Italy

Italy is represented in Dominica by its embassy in Caracas, Venezuela.[123]

 Japan 1978[124]

Diplomatic relations were established in December 1978.[124] Japan is represented in Dominica through its embassy in Trinidad and Tobago .[125]

 North Korea 1978

Since November 1978, the bilateral relations have been cordial and fruitful.[126]

 Malaysia
 Malta 2005[129]

Both countries are members of the Commonwealth of Nations. Diplomatic relations were established on 11 February 2005 in New York.[129]

 Maldives 2004
 Mexico 3 April 1979 See Dominica–Mexico relations
  • Dominica is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
  • Mexico is accredited to Dominica from its embassy in Castries, Saint Lucia and maintains an honorary consulate in Roseau.[131]
 Monaco

Dominica is represented in Monaco through it embassy in Paris, France.[132]

 Netherlands
 New Zealand
 Norway 2001

Dominica and Norway established diplomatic relation on 26 March 2001.[137] Both countries have signed an Agreement concerning the exchange of information relating to tax matters[138] which came into force on 1 January 2012[139]

 Russia 1995

Dominica and Russia have established diplomatic relations on 19 May 1995.[140] In April 2018, Dominica has appointed a resident ambassador to the Russia.[141]

 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations, of the Organization of American States and of the Caribbean Community.

 Slovakia

Slovakia is represented in Dominica through its embassy in Havana.[142][143]

 Slovenia

Dominica is represented in Slovenia through its embassy in London.[144]

 South Africa 1998[145]

Both countries are members of the Commonwealth of Nations. Diplomatic relations were established on 29 April 1998.[145]

 South Korea 1978

Since November 1978, the bilateral relations have been cordial and fruitful.[146]

 Suriname

Both countries are full members of the Organization of American States and of the Caribbean Community.

  Switzerland 1988[147]

Diplomatic and economic relations between Switzerland and Dominica are of minor importance.[147]

 Turkey 3 Nov. 1978[148]
 Ukraine 2019
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 April 2019.[150][151][152][153]
  • They also signed a visa waver agreement.[154]
 United Kingdom 1979

On 3 November 1978, Dominica received independence from the United Kingdom as a republic in the Commonwealth of Nations.

 United States 1979 See Dominica–United States relations

The United States and Dominica have friendly relations. United States supports the Dominican government's efforts to expand its economic base and to provide a higher standard of living for its citizens. U.S. assistance is primarily channeled through multilateral agencies such as the World Bank and the Caribbean Development Bank, as well as through the U.S. Agency for International Development office in Bridgetown, Barbados.

 Venezuela 1979

President of Venezuela Hugo Chávez visited Dominica in 2007.[155] Dominica has once claimed the Venezuelan island Isla Aves, but the claim was stopped as Prime Minister Roosevelt Skerrit has declared that Isla Aves belongs to Venezuela.

Dominica and the Commonwealth of Nations

[edit]

The Commonwealth of Dominica has been a member of the Commonwealth of Nations since 1978, when it became an independent from the United Kingdom as a republic in the Commonwealth of Nations.

Dominica's highest court of appeal is the Caribbean Court of Justice, in effect from 6 March 2015. Previously, the nation's ultimate court of appeal was the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in London.[156]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets. United States Department of State.

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