Foreign relations of Thailand

• Brunei has an embassy in Bangkok, and Thailand has an embassy in Bandar Seri Begawan.^[22] The relations have always been close and cordial.^[23]
• Both countries are also members of the Non-Aligned Movement and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.

• Parts of Cambodia's border with Thailand are indefinite, and the maritime boundary with Thailand is not clearly defined. On 5 November 2009 Thailand recalled its ambassador from Cambodia in protest of the Cambodian government's appointment of Thai ex-leader Thaksin Shinawatra as an economic adviser.^[24] Thai Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva stated that this was "the first diplomatic retaliation measure" against the appointment.^[24] He also said that Cambodia was interfering in Thai internal affairs and as a result bi-lateral co-operation agreements would be reviewed.^[24] The Cambodian government has stated that it would refuse any extradition request from Thailand for Thaksin as it considered him to be a victim of political persecution.^[24]
• In the months leading up to the Cambodian decision, troops from both nations had clashed over territory claimed by both countries immediately adjacent to Cambodia's Preah Vihear temple, leading to a deterioration in relations.^[24] At 20:30 on 5 November Cambodia announced that it was withdrawing its ambassador from Thailand as a retaliatory measure.^[25][26] Sok An, a member of the Council of Ministers and Deputy Prime Minister of Cambodia, said that the appointment of Thaksin is a decision internal to Cambodia and that it "conforms to international practice".^[26] The mutual withdrawal of ambassadors is the most severe diplomatic action to have occurred between the two countries.^[26]
• Thailand has an embassy in Phnom Penh, while Cambodia has an embassy in Bangkok.

• Indonesia and Thailand are viewed as natural allies.^[28]
• Indonesia is Thailand's third most important trade partner within ASEAN, with bilateral trade worth $8.7 billion in 2007.^[29] Trade between the two countries is set to grow over the years.
• Following the military takeover of the government in Thailand in May 2014, Indonesia supports the restoration of democracy in Thailand. Indonesia urged the military and civilian elements in Thailand to work together to quickly restore the political situation in Thailand.^[30]
• Thailand has an embassy in Jakarta and honorary consulates in Denpasar, Medan and Surabaya.^[31]
• Indonesia has an embassy in Bangkok and a consulate in Songkhla.
• Both countries are also members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Non-Aligned Movement, Cairns Group, Indian-Ocean Rim Association and G20 developing nations.

• In some respects, Thailand can be seen as a greater threat to Laos's independence than Vietnam because of its closer cultural affinity, its easier access, and its control over the railroad and highway routes to the sea. The Mekong River, which both sides have an interest in making a "river of true peace and friendship" — as their respective prime ministers called for in 1976 – also provides a north–south artery during the rainy season.^[32]
• Thailand has an embassy in Vientiane and a consulate-general in Savannakhet.
• Laos has an embassy in Bangkok and a consulate-general in Khon Kaen.

• Thailand has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur, and consulate-general offices in George Town and Kota Bharu. Malaysia maintains an embassy in Bangkok. Recently, Thai-Malay relations have soured considerably due to the ethnically Malay Pattani separatists in three southern provinces of Thailand. There have been claims by some Thai politicians that certain parties in Malaysia has taken an interest in the cause of their opponents in the war, which is vehemently disputed by the latter.
• Both countries also members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Non-Aligned Movement, Cairns Group and Indian-Ocean Rim Association.

Myanmar has an embassy in Bangkok and a consulate-general in Chiang Mai. Thailand has an embassy in Yangon.^[33][34]

• Thailand is one of the Philippines' major trading partners and one of the Philippines' rice suppliers. Relations continue to be strengthened through talks and agreements on economic, security, and cultural matters including concerns on rice trading, and combatting drugs and human trafficking.
• Thailand has an embassy in Manila and an honorary consulate in Cebu.^[35]
• The Philippines has an embassy in Bangkok.
• Both countries are the only Major non-NATO Allies in Southeast Asia.^[36][37]
• Both countries are also members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Non-Aligned Movement, Cairns Group and G20 developing nations together with Indonesia.
• A Treaty of Friendship was signed by both countries on June 14 1949.^[38]

• Bilateral relations between the two nations formally date to 1965, when Thailand established diplomatic relations soon after the independence of Singapore.
• Both countries share close defence ties, regularly sending personnel for cross training and holding various annual exercises between Singapore Armed Forces and Royal Thai Armed Forces.^[39]
• Thailand has an embassy in Singapore.
• Singapore has an embassy in Bangkok.
• Both countries are also members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Non-Aligned Movement and Indian-Ocean Rim Association.

• Diplomatic relations between the two countries have existed since 1976, and are very friendly both economically and politically nowadays.^[40] Yet, relations between the two countries had always been marred by discord, which resulted from bitter rivalry to gain control of the area of what is today Laos and Cambodia.
• In the 19th century, Thailand (then known as Siam) had fought a series of wars with the Nguyễn dynasty which then ruled over Vietnam over control of Cambodia. This rivalry will only temporarily subside when French colonists stepped in and gradually building an establishment in Southeast Asia, known as French Indochina.
• During the Vietnam War, Thailand was aligned with South Vietnam and the United States and the U Tapao Air Base was used as a base for USAF aircraft. During the Fall of Saigon in 1975, fleeing South Vietnamese pilots arrived at U Tapao before fleeing to other countries.
• In 1979, when the Khmer Rouge government in neighbouring Cambodia was toppled, this had raised concerns in Thailand and the Thai government quickly allied itself with the Khmer Rouge, later the CGDK, in fear of Vietnamese expansionism. In fact, Thailand was foremost among the ASEAN, of which it is part of, in opposing the Vietnamese invasion of Cambodia.
• Cambodian refugees soon stayed at border camps straddling the Thai-Cambodian border, and these camps are often controlled by the Khmer Rouge or the CGDK. In the years that followed, Vietnam launched a series of raids on the camps and Vietnamese troops often penetrated into Thai territory and shelled Thai border villages and towns.
• Thailand has an embassy in Hanoi and a consulate-general in Ho Chi Minh City.
• Vietnam has an embassy in Bangkok and a consulate-general in Khon Kaen.
• Both countries are also members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation and Non-Aligned Movement.

• Historically, Bahrain and Thailand shared mutual common of historical civilizations developed in both countries.^[41]
• Since 1990s, Thailand and Bahrain signed a major framework on economic cooperation, thus effectively making them important economic partners.^[42] Today, Thailand is a major investor in Bahrain.
• In March 2019, Bahraini Prime Minister and Prince Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa, during his participation in the Thai Culture and Food Festival held in capital Manama, praised Thailand and expressed wish to promote the relations.^[41]
• Thailand has an embassy in Manama.
• Bahrain has an embassy in Bangkok.

• Relations are considered close and cordial and have made strides to improve trade and investment between the two countries. Diplomatic relations were established on 5 October 1972 and Thailand opened its embassy in 1974 followed by Bangladesh setting up their own in Bangkok in the following year. The first visit between the two countries was President Ziaur Rahman's visit to Thailand in 1979 followed by Prime Minister Prem Tinsulanonda in 1983. Other Heads of States like Ershad visited in 1985, 1988 and 1990 and Thaksin Shinawatra in July and December 2002 and January 2004. Thailand is a key country in Bangladesh's "Look East" policy and relations have begun to increase and diversify into different areas.
• They seek not to intervene in each other's internal matters as shown by their response to the events occurring in their own respective countries in 2006 such as the 2006 Thai coup d'état and 2006–2008 Bangladeshi political crisis. Both have considerable cooperation in summits organised by BIMSTEC and the ASEAN regional forum. Upper class and upper middle class Bangladeshis often go to Thailand for medical treatment and operations that the country's medical infrastructure cannot provide.

• Diplomatic relations between both countries have grown stronger over the years.
• Bhutan and Thailand also promote cooperation in the field of education.^[44]
• Bhutan has an embassy in Bangkok.

• Thailand established diplomatic relations with the PRC on 1 July 1975. It remains as a key regional ally of China, with growing cooperation between both countries.^{[46][47][48][49][50]}
• For an evaluation of Sino-Siamese relations, see Siamese Inter-State Relations in the Late Nineteenth Century: From An Asian Regional Perspective.^[51]

• Thailand has a consulate-general in Hong Kong.
• Hong Kong has an Economic and Trade Office in Bangkok.
• On 27 April 2017, Hong Kong Chief Executive CY Leung met Thai Deputy Prime Minister Somkid Jatusripitak at Government House, Hong Kong. They exchanged views on Hong Kong's free trade agreement negotiations with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations.^[52]

• Diplomatic relations between India and Thailand were established in 1947, soon after India gained independence. Thailand maintains three diplomatic posts in India: in Mumbai, in New Delhi, and in Calcutta. India maintains an embassy in Bangkok and a consulate-general in Chiang Mai.
• The end of the Cold War led to a significant enhancement in the substance and pace of bilateral interactions. Indian Look East policy from 1993 and Thailand's Look West policy since 1996 set the stage for a substantive consolidation of bilateral relations. The past few years since 2001 have witnessed growing warmth, increasing economic and commercial links, exchange of high-level visits on both sides, and the signing of a large number of Agreements leading to a further intensification of relations. Thailand and India are cooperating in various multilateral fora like India's dialogue partnership with ASEAN, the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF), and the East Asia Summit, the sub-regional grouping BIMSTEC involving Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Myanmar, Nepal and Bhutan, and trilateral transport linkages with Thailand, Myanmar and India. India is a member of the Asia Cooperation Dialogue (ACD) initiated by Thailand in 2002 and of the Mekong–Ganga Cooperation (MGC), a group of six countries.

• Relations between the two countries began when visits of Persian diplomatic delegations to Siam are attested as early as 1685.^[53] Indo-Persians made up the largest group of Muslims from the 16th to 18th centuries. Influential Persian families like the Bunnag dominated Thai courts for some time.^{[citation needed]}
• Thailand has an embassy in Tehran.
• Iran has an embassy in Bangkok.

Israel and Thailand have had official relations since June 1954. The Israeli embassy in Bangkok was established in 1958.^[55] Since 1996, Thailand has had an embassy in Tel Aviv.^[56] After the floods in 2011, Israel sent water management experts to Thailand. Princess Chulabhorn Mahidol is involved in advancing scientific cooperation between the two countries. The Thai ambassador to Israel is Jukr Boon-Long.^[57]

• Japan has become a key trading partner and foreign investor for Thailand. Japan is Thailand's largest supplier, followed by the United States. Since 2005, the rapid ramp-up in export of automobiles of Japanese makes (esp. Toyota, Nissan, Isuzu) has helped to dramatically improve the trade balance, with over 1 million cars produced last year. As such, Thailand has joined the ranks of the world's top ten automobile exporting nations. In 2007, a Japan–Thailand Economic Partnership Agreement was signed, aiming at free trade between the two countries after a transition period of 10 years.
• Thailand has an embassy in Tokyo and consulates-general in Osaka and Fukuoka.
• Japan has an embassy in Bangkok and a consulate-general in Chiang Mai.

• Thailand has an embassy in Amman that is also accredited to Iraq, Lebanon, Palestine and Syria.
• Jordanian embassy in Kuala Lumpur is accredited to Thailand.

• Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 July 1992.
• Thailand has an embassy in Astana.
• Kazakhstan has an embassy in Bangkok.

• Thailand is represented by North Korea by its embassy in Beijing, China.
• North Korea has an embassy in Bangkok.^[58]
• See also: North Korean defectors in Thailand

• Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1958. The year 2008 is the 50th year of bilateral relations with two nations. During the Korean War, Thailand was the second nation sending troops for supporting South Korea just after the United States. In October 2003, South Korea president Roh Moo-hyun visited Thailand while Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra went to Seoul in November 2005.^[59] South Korean is the 10th largest trade partner, which is about to reach the scale of 10 billion dollars.^[60]
• Thailand has an embassy in Seoul
• South Korea has an embassy in Bangkok.

• Thailand has an embassy in Kuwait City.
• Kuwait has an embassy in Bangkok.

• Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 March 1974.
• Royal Thai Embassy in Beijing is accredited to Mongolia.
• Mongolia has an embassy in Bangkok.

• Thailand has an embassy in Kathmandu.
• Nepal has an embassy in Bangkok.
• Both countries are members of BIMSTEC.

• Oman and Thailand would soon establish relations with the ascend of Qaboos bin Said al Said as Sultan of Oman in 1980.
• Thailand is one of the most popular tourist destinations for Omanis outside the Gulf states, especially medical tourism.^[61]
• Thailand has an embassy in Muscat.^[62]
• Oman has an embassy in Bangkok.^[63]

• In August 2013, the Thai Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra visited Pakistan in the first visit in a decade.^[64]
• Thailand has an embassy in Islamabad and a consulate-general in Karachi.
• Pakistan has an embassy in Bangkok.
• Both countries are members of the Non-Aligned Movement and the Cairns Group.

• Thailand officially recognized the State of Palestine as an independent state on 18 January 2012.^[65]
• Palestine has a non-resident embassy in Kuala Lumpur.
• In 2016, Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas visited Thailand and met with then Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha.^[66]

• Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1980. Their cooperation mainly revolves around tourism and energy.^[67]
• According to the Thailand Labour Ministry, in 2017 there were 1,188 Thai citizens working in Qatar, and were mainly concentrated in the massage services industry and the construction industry.^[68]
• Thailand has an embassy in Doha.
• Qatar has an embassy in Bangkok.

• Relations Saudi Arabia and Thailand were established in 1957 and hundreds of thousands of Thais went to Saudi Arabia to work.^[69] However, relations have been severely strained for the past 20 years due to fallout from the Blue Diamond Affair. Diplomatic missions were downgraded to chargé d'affaires level and the number of Thai workers in Saudi Arabia plummeted.^[69] Saudi Arabia does not issue working visas for Thais and discourages its citizens from visiting the country.
• On January 26, 2022, both countries announced they restored full diplomatic relations and would appoint ambassadors.^[70]
• Thailand has an embassy in Riyadh and a consulate-general in Jeddah.
• Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Bangkok.

• Both countries established diplomatic relations in 28 November 1955.
• Thailand has an embassy in Colombo that is also accredited to the Maldives.
• Sri Lanka has an embassy in Bangkok.
• Both countries are members of BIMSTEC.

• Thailand and Taiwan (ROC) do not have diplomatic relations, both have only an unofficial relationship.
• Both nations used to have diplomatic relations from 1946 until 1975 when Thailand switched recognition to the People's Republic of China.
• Thailand has an Economic and Trade Office in Taipei.
• Taiwan has an Economic and Cultural Office in Bangkok.

• Thailand has an embassy in Ankara.^[71]
• Turkey has an embassy in Bangkok.^[71]
• Trade volume between the two countries was 1.342 billion USD in 2018 (Thai exports/imports: 1.09/0.256 billion USD).^[72]
• Negotiations on a bilateral Free Trade Agreement (FTA) began in 2017.^[71]
• There are direct flights from Istanbul to Bangkok and Phuket.^[71]

• Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 December 1975.
• Thailand has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate-general in Dubai.
• The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Bangkok.

• Royal Thai Embassy in Moscow is accredited to Uzbekistan.
• Uzbekistan has a non-resident embassy in Kuala Lumpur and an honorary consulate in Bangkok.

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 June 1999.^[74]

• Brazil is the main trading partner of Thailand in Latin America.
• Brazil has an embassy in Bangkok and an honorary consulate in Phuket.^[75]
• Thailand has an embassy in Brasília and consulates-general in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro.^[76]

• Canada has an embassy in Bangkok and a consulate in Chiang Mai.^[77]
• Thailand has an embassy in Ottawa and consulates-general in Toronto and Vancouver.^[78]

• Colombia has its embassy in Bangkok.^[79]
• Thailand is represented through its embassy in Lima, Peru

• Mexico has an embassy in Bangkok and an honorary consulate in Rayong .^[80]
• Thailand has an embassy in Mexico City.^[81]

In 2009, Thailand and Peru signed a free trade agreement calling for elimination of tariffs on 70% of 5,000 items listed in the agreement. Thailand imports tin and fish from Peru. Peru imports auto parts, electrical appliances, and clothes from Thailand.^[82]

• Peru has an embassy in Bangkok and honorary consulates in Chiang Mai, Khon Kaen, and Songkhla.^[83]
• Thailand has an embassy in Lima.^[84]

Thailand has had relations with the United States since 1833. In 2003, the United States designated Thailand as a major non-NATO ally, which grants Thailand many financial and military benefits derived from the United States.

• Thailand has an embassy in Washington, DC and consulates-general in Chicago, Los Angeles and New York City.^[85]
• United States has an embassy in Bangkok and a consulate-general in Chiang Mai.^[86]

• Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 July 1992 by protocol.^[87]
• Armenia has an honorary consulate in Bangkok.^[88]
• Thailand is represented in Armenia through its embassy in Moscow, Russia and through hononary consulate in Yerevan.^[89]

• Austria has an embassy in Bangkok.
• Thailand has an embassy in Vienna.

• Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 July 1992.^[90]
• Azerbaijan is accredited to Thailand from its embassy in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Thailand uses its embassy in Ankara, Turkey, to be responsible for Thai-Azerbaijani relations.
• Thailand has an honorary consulate in Baku.

• Since 1975, Bulgaria has an embassy in Bangkok.^[91]
• Thailand has an honorary consulate in Sofia.^[92]

• Croatia is represented in Thailand through its embassy in Jakarta (Indonesia) and through an honorary consulate in Bangkok.^[93]
• Thailand is represented in Croatia through its embassy in Budapest (Hungary) and through an honorary consulate in Zagreb.^[94][95]

• Cyprus is represented in Thailand through its embassy in New Delhi, India.^[96]
• Thailand is represented in Cyprus through its embassy in Rome, Italy.^[97]

• Denmark is represented in Thailand through its embassy in Bangkok and an honorary consulate in Phuket.
• Thailand is represented in Denmark through its embassy in Copenhagen.

• Thailand (then Siam) first recognised Estonia on 22 October 1921.^[98]
• Both countries re-established diplomatic relations on 27 April 1992.
• Estonia is represented in Thailand through its consulates in Bangkok and Phuket.^[99]
• Thailand is represented in Estonia through its embassy in Helsinki, Finland.

• Finland has an embassy in Bangkok.
• Thailand has an embassy in Helsinki.

• France-Thailand relations cover a period from the 16th century until modern times.
• France is represented in Thailand through its embassy in Bangkok and honorary consuls in Chiang Rai, Khon Kaen, Phuket, Prachuap Khiri Khan, and Surat Thani^[100]
• Thailand is represented in France through its embassy in Paris.

• Diplomatic relations between the Kingdom of Siam and Prussia were established on 7 February 1862.^[101][102]
• The Siamese government declared war on Germany in August 1917.
• During World War II, the Thai government was in alliance with the German and Japanese governments.
• Germany has an embassy in Bangkok and honorary consuls in Chiang Mai, Pattaya, and Phuket
• Thailand has an embassy in Berlin, a consulate-general in Frankfurt and Munich and honorary consuls in Essen, Hamburg and Stuttgart^{[103][104][105]}

• The Greek Embassy in Bangkok was opened in November 1989, and an honorary consulate in Chiang Mai.
• Thailand has an embassy in Athens.^{[106][107][108]}

• Since 1978, Hungary has an embassy in Bangkok and an honorary consulate in Pattaya.^[109]
• Since 1989, Thailand has an embassy in Budapest. Thailand has also a commercial office in Budapest.^{[110][94][111]}

• Thailand recognised the Republic of Kosovo as independence state on 24 September 2013.^[112][113]
• Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 November 2013.
• Kosovo has an embassy in Bangkok.

• 1608 embassy to the Dutch Republic resulted in a treaty being concluded between the Republic and the kingdom of Siam in 1617.^[114]
• The Netherlands has an embassy in Bangkok and an honorary consulate in Phuket.^[115]
• Thailand has an embassy in The Hague.

• Poland has an embassy in Bangkok.
• Thailand has an embassy in Warsaw.

• Portugal was the first European nation to make contact with the Ayutthaya Kingdom, in 1511.
• Portugal has an embassy in Bangkok and an honorary consulate in Chiang Mai.
• Thailand has an embassy in Lisbon.^[116]

• Romania has an embassy in Bangkok and an honorary consulate in Pattaya.^[117]
• Thailand has an embassy in Bucharest.^[118]

The Soviet Union and Thailand established diplomatic relations with each other on 12 March 1941; Thailand recognised Russian Federation as the successor to Soviet Union on 28 December 1991. Russia has an embassy in Bangkok and two honorary consulates in Phuket and Pattaya. Thailand has an embassy in Moscow and two honorary consulates in Saint Petersburg and Vladivostok.

• Spain has an embassy in Bangkok.
• Thailand has an embassy in Madrid and an honorary consulate in Barcelona.^[119]

• In 1868 an agreement on eternal friendship between Sweden and Thailand was signed.^[120]
• In 1883 formalised diplomatic relations were established.^[120]
• Sweden has an embassy in Bangkok and honorary consulates in Chiang Mai, Pattaya, Phetchaburi, and Phuket.^[121]
• Thailand has an embassy in Stockholm.^[122]

• Thailand is represented in Ukraine through its consulate in Kyiv.^[123]
• Ukraine has an embassy in Bangkok and an honorary consulate in Pattaya.^[124]

• Thailand is represented in the United Kingdom through the Royal Thai Embassy in London (สถานเอกอัครราชทูตไทย ณ กรุงลอนดอน).^[125]
• British interests in Thailand are represented through the British Embassy on Witthayu Road, Lumphini, Pathum Wan in Bangkok and honorary consulates in Chiang Mai, Pattaya, Phuket, and Surat Thani^[126]
• British relations with Thailand date back to 1612, when the East India Company ship The Globe arrived in Siam carrying a letter from King James I for the Siamese king.

After Burma lost the First Anglo-Burmese War (1824–26) relations opened between the Rattanakosin Kingdom of Siam and the United Kingdom with a treaty of alliance in February 1826 and another treaty in June negotiated by East India Company emissary Henry Burney. This was followed by the Bowring Treaty of 1855 to liberalise trade. In 1893, Lord Lansdowne of the British Raj finalized the border between Burma and Siam; the Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909 then dissected the northern Malay states.

• In 1917 the modern Siamese kingdom declared war on Germany during World War I, which secured it a seat at the Versailles Peace Conference. Foreign Minister Devawongse Varopakarn used this as an opportunity to argue for the repeal of the 19th century treaties and restoration of full Siamese sovereignty. While Britain and France delayed until 1925, the United States obliged in 1920. Following the outbreak of World War II, relations with Britain, France and the United States deteriorated rapidly – though former Queen Rambai Barni was nominal head of the Seri Thai resistance movement in Great Britain. Japan allowed Thailand to resume sovereignty over the sultanates of northern Malaya that had been lost in the 1909 treaty with Britain, and to invade and annex the Shan States in northern Burma. After the Japanese surrender, Allied military responsibility for Thailand fell to the British, who favoured treating the kingdom as a defeated enemy. Americans, however, supported Thailand's new government; during the Cold War relations with the United Kingdom took a back seat to those with the United States.

• Australia has an embassy in Bangkok.^[127]
• Thailand has an embassy in Canberra and a consulate-general in Sydney.^[128]
• Thailand-Australia Free Trade Agreement

• New Zealand has an embassy in Bangkok.^[129]
• Thailand has an embassy in Wellington.^[130]