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France–Pakistan relations

From Wikipedia - Reading time: 11 min

French-Pakistan relations
Map indicating locations of France and Pakistan

France
Pakistan
Diplomatic mission
Embassy of France, IslamabadEmbassy of Pakistan, Paris
Envoy
French Ambassador to Pakistan
Marc Baréty		Pakistani Ambassador To Pakistan Asim Iftikhar Ahmad

Pakistan–France relations are the bilateral, cultural, and international relations between Pakistan and France. The relationships are based on military, defence, cultural, educational cooperation, and economic ties. Trade between the two countries is generally increasing with time.[1]

History

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Embassy of Pakistan in Paris

The foreign relations between Pakistan and France were first established on 31 July 1951 when both countries agreed to open embassy services in each countries. France was one of the first non-Muslim states to recognize Pakistan, opening its embassy about 2 months after Pakistani independence[2] In August 1960, a farewell trade treaty was signed; followed by import-export treaty that was concluded October 1966.[2] During the Cold War, France considered Pakistan as "state deserving attention", and had been a major foreign supplier of Pakistan Armed Forces.[3]

After the Cold War, France's foreign policy has been noted for decades for its special Gaullist flavour, which was not much altered under the long Presidency of socialist François Mitterrand (1981-1995).[3] French Presidents visited India more often than Pakistan, and Paris has never met the expectations of Islamabad regarding the U.N. resolutions on Kashmir.[3] The relations again suffered many set back in 1998-99 when Paris saw the Kargil episode as a dangerous Pakistan initiative, considering the new nuclearised regional context.[3] Though, France has always been to encourage dialogue between India and Pakistan, without offering mediation in such an intricate issue.[3] There was some impatience in Paris decision-makers circles when the Line of Control was crossed above Kargil in an obviously well prepared operation.[3]

Military and strategic cooperation

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Since 1967, France had been an important partner, particularly for PAF and the Navy.[3] In 1967, France sold first batch of its Mirage fighters as well as sold the submarine technology to Pakistan. The PAF bought second-hand batch of Mirage fighters in 1990; followed by a contract signing in 1996 for the acquisition of 40 reconnaissance aircraft.[3] The PAF is the largest customer of France's aerospace industry with numbers of fighter and civilian aircraft having been sold to Pakistan since 1967 till the 2000s.[3] The Navy has also an established defence connection with France, the best known purchasing of Daphné class submarine and the submarine technology transfer of the Agost class which was signed in 1994.[3]

In 2009, France agreed to provide financial capital to expand the use of nuclear power in Pakistan. While, the officials at Islamabad termed it as "significant move", the Foreign service office maintained that: "France has agreed to transfer civilian nuclear technology to Pakistan."[4] The French Foreign ministry had confirmed that the country was ready, within the framework of its international agreements, to "co-operate with Pakistan" in the field of nuclear safety.[4] "This is so the Pakistan's programme can develop in the best conditions of safety and security", the French foreign officials added to APP.[4] After the agreement, France maintained that "this is the beginning of a civil nuclear partnership and the cooperation will be limited to nuclear safety."[5]

In May 2011, France stopped selling heavy military equipment to Pakistan in order to ease Indian concerns. During a visit to India, the French defence minister Gérard Longuet said France did not want to be seen "feeding Pakistan’s military ambitions".[6]

Trade and economic relations

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The first trade agreement was signed in 1966, and Pakistan is currently ranked as 65th import partner of France.[7] The bilateral trade was reached to US$313 million in 2009.[7]

Charlie Hebdo protests

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In 2020, thousands of protesters opposing France's defense of freedom of speech held rallies in cities across Pakistan, against the re-publishing of the Charlie Hebdo cartoons of the Islamic prophet Muhammed, including publishing controversial images. They called on the Pakistani government to cut diplomatic and trade ties with France, which was quickly reported on by TRT World. The protesters burnt the French flag and said they were willing to avenge what they considered to be blasphemy against Muhammed[8] in a peaceful way.

In April 2021, the French government advised French nationals and French companies to temporarily leave Pakistan amid violent anti-French protests by the TLP party and meanwhile the Government of Pakistan clearly told the TLP party that Pakistan will not tell the French ambassador to leave the country and the Government will protect the French friendship at any cost. Thus then, Pakistan banned the radical far-right TLP party.[9][10]

Visit to France by Pakistani Army Chief

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From 13 June 2022 to 17 June 2022, COAS Qamar Javed Bajwa attended the Eurosatory International Defence and Security exhibition. No protest was held by the Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan nor did they condemn it. Further cementing and confirming that the party has close links to the military.[11]

Resident diplomatic missions

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List of ambassadors of Pakistan to France

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Diplomatic agrément/Diplomatic accreditation Ambassador Observations Presidents and/or prime ministers of Pakistan Prime ministers of France Term end
November 24, 1950 {{{2}}}, Muhammad Nawaz Khan (diplomat)Muhammad Nawaz Khan (diplomat) {{{2}}}, Khawaja Nazimuddin Khawaja Nazimuddin {{{2}}}, Vincent Auriol Vincent Auriol
March 15, 1952 {{{2}}}, Habib Ibrahim Rahimtoola Habib Ibrahim Rahimtoola {{{2}}}, Malik Ghulam MuhammadMalik Ghulam Muhammad {{{2}}}, Vincent Auriol Vincent Auriol
October 13, 1953 {{{2}}}, Mohammed Ikramullah Mohammed Ikramullah {{{2}}}, Malik Ghulam MuhammadMalik Ghulam Muhammad {{{2}}}, Vincent Auriol Vincent Auriol
April 5, 1957 {{{2}}}, Mohammad Mir Khan Mohammad Mir Khan {{{2}}}, Iskander Mirza Iskander Mirza {{{2}}}, René Coty René Coty
March 10, 1960 Raza , Nawabzada Agha MohammadNawabzada Agha Mohammad Raza (born 14.5 1905) graduated from Royal Military College Sandhurst 1927, Ambassador to Iran since February 1955, Ambassador to China 1951-1954 & 22.8.1962-1966; as Pakistan's Ambassador to Mongolia, in 1965.22 October 1971 - 22 April 1972: Pakistan Ambassador to the United States {{{2}}}, Ayub Khan (Field Marshal)Ayub Khan (Field Marshal) {{{2}}}, Charles de Gaulle Charles de Gaulle
December 21, 1962 {{{2}}}, Jalaludin Abdur Rahim Jalaludin Abdur Rahim (جلال الدين عبدرالرحيم) {{{2}}}, Ayub Khan (Field Marshal)Ayub Khan (Field Marshal) {{{2}}}, Charles de Gaulle Charles de Gaulle
September 17, 1966 {{{2}}}, Ikbal Athar Ikbal Athar {{{2}}}, Ayub Khan (Field Marshal)Ayub Khan (Field Marshal) {{{2}}}, Charles de Gaulle Charles de Gaulle
November 22, 1968 {{{2}}}, Samiulla Khan Dehlavi Samiulla Khan Dehlavi {{{2}}}, Ayub Khan (Field Marshal)Ayub Khan (Field Marshal) {{{2}}}, Charles de Gaulle Charles de Gaulle
March 24, 1972 {{{2}}}, Sahabzada Yaqub KhanSahabzada Yaqub Khan {{{2}}}, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Zulfikar Ali Bhutto {{{2}}}, Georges Pompidou Georges Pompidou
January 2, 1974 {{{2}}}, Mahmood Shafqat Mahmood Shafqat {{{2}}}, Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry {{{2}}}, Valéry Giscard d’Estaing Valéry Giscard d’Estaing
April 28, 1976 {{{2}}}, Muzaffar Ali Khan Qizilbash Muzaffar Ali Khan Qizilbash {{{2}}}, Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry {{{2}}}, Valéry Giscard d’Estaing Valéry Giscard d’Estaing
July 31, 1978 {{{2}}}, Iqbal Ahmed Akhund Iqbal Ahmed Akhund {{{2}}}, Mohammed Zia ul-Haq Mohammed Zia ul-Haq {{{2}}}, Valéry Giscard d’Estaing Valéry Giscard d’Estaing
November 20, 1980 {{{2}}}, Sahabzada Yaqub KhanSahabzada Yaqub Khan {{{2}}}, Mohammed Zia ul-Haq Mohammed Zia ul-Haq {{{2}}}, Valéry Giscard d’Estaing Valéry Giscard d’Estaing
June 18, 1982 {{{2}}}, Jamsheed MarkerJamsheed Marker {{{2}}}, Mohammed Zia ul-Haq Mohammed Zia ul-Haq {{{2}}}, François Mitterrand François Mitterrand
October 17, 1986 {{{2}}}, Niaz Ahmed Naik Niaz Ahmed Naik (born on May 31, 1926; Aug 8, 2009) 11 July 1982 - 30 May 1986 Foreign Secretary (Pakistan) Architect of Pakistans 'track 2 diplomacy with India during the 1999 Kargil conflict, has been tortured and murdered by unidentified persons at his residence here, police said on Saturday. served as Ambassador to Parepun Geneva from 1971 to 1974, Parepun New York from 1978 to 1982 {{{2}}}, Mohammed Zia ul-Haq Mohammed Zia ul-Haq {{{2}}}, François Mitterrand François Mitterrand
September 21, 1988 {{{2}}}, Shahid M. AminShahid M. Amin 1985-1988 Ambassador to Moscow, 1995: Ambassador to Riyadh. {{{2}}}, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Ghulam Ishaq Khan {{{2}}}, François Mitterrand François Mitterrand
October 17, 1990 {{{2}}}, Tanvir Ahmad Khan Tanvir Ahmad Khan {{{2}}}, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Ghulam Ishaq Khan {{{2}}}, François Mitterrand François Mitterrand
January 7, 1992 {{{2}}}, Saidulla Khan DehlaviSaidulla Khan Dehlavi {{{2}}}, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Ghulam Ishaq Khan {{{2}}}, François Mitterrand François Mitterrand
May 18, 1999 {{{2}}}, Shahryar Khan Shahryar Khan {{{2}}}, Muhammad Rafiq TararMuhammad Rafiq Tarar {{{2}}}, Jacques Chirac Jacques Chirac
September 4, 2001 {{{2}}}, Musa Javed Chohan Musa Javed Chohan (موسی جاوید چوہان) {{{2}}}, Pervez Musharraf Pervez Musharraf {{{2}}}, Jacques Chirac Jacques Chirac
November 4, 2003 {{{2}}}, Aneesuddin AhmedAneesuddin Ahmed (Born on December 11, 1946) January 1993-July 1996: High Commissioner to South Africa July 1996-June 2000 Ambassador to Lebanon. {{{2}}}, Pervez Musharraf Pervez Musharraf {{{2}}}, Jacques Chirac Jacques Chirac
April 19, 2007 {{{2}}}, Asma Anisa Asma Anisa [12] {{{2}}}, Pervez Musharraf Pervez Musharraf {{{2}}}, Nicolas Sarkozy Nicolas Sarkozy
January 15, 2010 {{{2}}}, Shafkat Saeed Shafkat Saeed {{{2}}}, Asif Ali Zardari Asif Ali Zardari {{{2}}}, Nicolas Sarkozy Nicolas Sarkozy
February 22, 2013 {{{2}}}, Ghalib Iqbal Ghalib Iqbal [13] {{{2}}}, Asif Ali Zardari Asif Ali Zardari {{{2}}}, François HollandeFrançois Hollande

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "DAWN.COM | Pakistan | French nuclear 'offer'". Archived from the original on 21 May 2009. Retrieved 2009-06-25.
  2. ^ a b "Agreements and Treaties". Government of France. Embassy of France, Islamabad. Retrieved 16 September 2012.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Racine, Jean-Luc; et al. "Pakistan and France: The Legacies of the Past and turn of the Century" (google docs). Institute of Strategic Studies, Islamabad. Islamabad, Pakistan: Global Security Perspectives and Worldlviews. Seminar Report. Institute of Strategic Studies, Islamabad, 2007, pp. 66-84. pp. 66–84. Retrieved 17 September 2012.
  4. ^ a b c APP and other news agencies (15 May 2009). "Pakistan in 'French nuclear deal'" (stm). BBC Pakistan. BBC Pakistan. p. 1. Retrieved 17 September 2012.
  5. ^ Jill Marie Parillo (24 July 2009). "France-Pakistan Nuclear Deal in Play". Physicians for Social Responsibility (PSR). Archived from the original on 21 April 2018. Retrieved 17 September 2012.
  6. ^ "France to stop selling heavy military equipment to Pakistan: Report". Express Tribune Pakistan. 28 May 2011.
  7. ^ a b Research & Analysis Directorate / WTO Cell of Trade Development Authority of Pakistan. "Pakistan and France Trade Relations". Research & Analysis Directorate / WTO Cell of Trade Development Authority of Pakistan. Retrieved 17 September 2012.
  8. ^ "Pakistan: Thousands urge cutting ties with France over defense of prophet cartoons". DW. 7 November 2020.
  9. ^ "France urges citizens to leave Pakistan amid anti-French protests". BBC News. 15 April 2021. Retrieved 15 April 2021.
  10. ^ Hashim, Asid (15 April 2021). "France tells citizens to leave Pakistan 'due to serious threats'". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 15 April 2021.
  11. ^ "Why did the Pakistan Army Chief choose to stay low-profile in his recent visit to France?". 30 June 2022.
  12. ^ "Asma Anisa new envoy to France". 21 January 2007.
  13. ^ "Pakistani fabrics exhibition in Paris". 17 September 2014.
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