Frongoch internment camp

52°56′20″N 3°37′55″W / 52.939°N 3.632°W / 52.939; -3.632

Frongoch internment camp at Frongoch in Merionethshire, Wales was a makeshift place of imprisonment during the First World War and the 1916 Easter Rising.

Originally the camp housed German prisoners of war in a yellow distillery and crude huts, but in the wake of the 1916 Easter Rising in Dublin, Ireland, the German prisoners were moved and it was used as an internment camp for approximately 1,800 Irish republicans, among them such notables as Michael Collins, who were accorded the status of prisoners of war. Among the prisoners were the future Hollywood actor Arthur Shields^[1] and sportsman and referee Tom Burke. It is a common misconception that Éamon de Valera was also imprisoned at Frongoch.^[2][3]

The Irish Republican internees elected their own commandants (this practice was followed in future imprisonments/internments) and established a chain of command.^[4] The camp became a breeding ground for the guerillas of the Irish rebels, with inspired organisers such as Michael Collins giving impromptu lessons in guerrilla tactics. Later the camp became known as ollscoil na réabhlóide, the "University of Revolution".^[5]

Lord Decies was appointed as Chief Press Censor for Ireland after the Rising in 1916, and he warned the press to be careful about what they published. William O'Brien's Cork Free Press was one of the first papers he suppressed under the Defence of the Realm Act 1914 (DORA regulations) after its republican editor, Frank Gallagher, accused the British authorities of lying about the conditions and treatment of republican prisoners at the camp.^[6]

The camp was emptied in late December 1916 when David Lloyd George replaced H. H. Asquith as Prime Minister.^[7]

The local Welsh medium school, Ysgol Bro Tryweryn, now stands on the site of the internment camp, but a commemorative plaque stands nearby, with inscriptions in Irish, Welsh and English.^{[citation needed]}

In 2016, on the hundredth anniversary of the internment of Irish prisoners at Frongoch, the local community organized a number of commemoration events and the history of the camp was widely reported.^[8][9] In the same year there was also an exhibition at the National Museum of Ireland.^[10] Objects in their collection include: a Gaelic football adapted from a rugby ball, used in games at the camp;^[11] puttees made by Patrick Keegan;^[12] amongst others.

Non-exhaustive list of notable internees:^[13]

• Brennan-Whitmore, W, With the Irish in Frongoch (Dublin 1918; republished 2013)^[16]
• Ebenezer, Lyn, Fron-Goch and the birth of the IRA (London 2006)
• O'Mahony, Sean (1987). Frongoch: University of Revolution. Dublin: FDR Teoranta.

• Frongoch, Wales - a unique place in Irish history - a website in English, Welsh and Irish dedicated to the history of Frongoch camp, including a list of Irish prisoners’ names.
• Talk: The Rugby Ball used in Gaelic football games by Irishmen held at Frongoch Prison Camp