Glycine betaine aldehyde

Glycine betaine aldehyde
Names
	IUPAC name N,N,N-Trimethylglycinium
	Systematic IUPAC name N,N,N-Trimethyl-2-oxoethan-1-aminium
	Other names Betaine aldehyde
Identifiers
CAS Number	7418-61-3 ; 7758-31-8 (chloride salt);
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:15710;
ChemSpider	244;
KEGG	C00576;
PubChem CID	249;
UNII	DEI7V5X7RB ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID20225152 ;
	InChI InChI=1/C5H12NO/c1-6(2,3)4-5-7/h5H,4H2,1-3H3/q+1 Key: SXKNCCSPZDCRFD-UHFFFAOYAL;
	SMILES O=CC[N+](C)(C)C;
Properties
Chemical formula	C5H12NO
Molar mass	102.157 g·mol−1
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Glycine betaine aldehyde, often simply called betaine aldehyde,^[1] is an intermediate in the metabolism of glycine, serine and threonine. The human aldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.3) stimulates the transformation of betaine aldehyde to glycine betaine. Betaine aldehyde is a substrate for choline dehydrogenase (mitochondrial).^[2]

Chemical structure

Glycine betaine aldehyde is a short chain aldehyde and quaternary ammonium compound. It can be considered a derivative of the amino acid glycine. Its chemical formula is C₅H₁₂NO⁺.

Glycine betaine aldehyde is a component of glycine, serine and threonine metabolism. It also serves as an osmolyte.

It can be found in cytoplasm and mitochondria within the kidney, neurons, and stratum corneum.^[3]

^ Betaine aldehyde Archived 2007-11-24 at the Wayback Machine, Biological Magnetic Resonance Data Bank
^ Yilmaz JL, Bülow L. (December 2002). "Enhanced stress tolerance in Escherichia coli and Nicotiana tabacum expressing a betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase/choline dehydrogenase fusion protein". Biotechnol. Prog. 18 (6): 1176–82. doi:10.1021/bp020057k. PMID 12467448. S2CID 8054758.
^ [1], Human Metabolome Database