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Grand Lodge of Texas

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Grand Lodge of Texas A.F. & A.M.
FormationApril 16, 1838
Location
Region
Texas
Websitegrandlodgeoftexas.org
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Grand Lodge of Texas centrally located in Waco

The Grand Lodge of Texas, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons is the largest of several governing bodies of Freemasonry in the State of Texas, being solely of the Ancients' tradition and descending from the Ancient Grand Lodge of England, founded on 17 June 1751 at the Turk's Head Tavern, Greek Street, Soho, London.[1] According to historian James D. Carter, the "Grand Lodge of the Republic of Texas, A.F. & A.M." was founded on 16 April 1838.[2] However, its first Grand Master and other grand officers were installed by Sam Houston on 11 May 1838.[3] The Grand Lodge of Texas is one of the largest in the world, reporting 69,099 members in 2019.[4] The current Grand Lodge of Texas facilities were made possible by the fundraising efforts of Waco Masonic Lodge No. 92.

History

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Early History of Freemasonry

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Freemasonry has its historic origins among the early lodges of stonemasons and architects that, utilizing the style of Gothic architecture, built the cathedrals of Middle Ages. They were called "Freemasons" because they were free men and not serfs, their lodges were free from taxation, and they worked in freestone, a type of quarry stone. During the 17th century, lodges in Scotland began "accepting" members who were not operative stonemasons. The acceptance of these gentlemen Freemasons gave rise to the name "Free and Accepted Masons." In their ceremonies of passing from one degree to another they inculcated a system of morality, veiled in allegory and illustrated by the symbols and tools of their craft. During the 18th century, lodges formed grand lodges to govern the craft. No longer operative as of old, Masonic lodges continued without interruption to observe the customs and traditions of the fraternity for the "benefit of mankind."[5]

Early Masonry in Texas

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On 11 February 1828, Stephen F. Austin called a meeting of Masons at San Felipe de Austin for the purpose of petitioning the York Grand Lodge of Mexico (Yorkinos) for a charter to form a lodge. Although the petition reached Matamoros, and was to be forwarded to Mexico City, nothing more was heard of it.[6] By 1828 the ruling faction in Mexico City feared that the liberal elements in Texas might attempt to gain independence, and being aware of the political philosophies of English-speaking, Preston - Webb Freemasons, the Mexican government outlawed Freemasonry on 25 October of that year.[7] The following year, Austin called another meeting of Masons who, in an attempt to alleviate the fears of the Mexican government, decided it was "impolitic and imprudent, at this time, to form Masonic lodges in Texas."[6][8] In 1830, the Mexican government evicted US Minister to Mexico, and York Rite Mason, Joel Poinsett for introducing American liberalism into Mexico to counter the British influence[9] through five York Rite charters from the Grand Lodge of New York,[10] establishing Royal Arch Masonry in Mexico, and for being fundamental in establishing recognition of the York Rite Grand Lodge in Mexican Freemasonry,[11] which fueled further internal turmoil inside Mexico, and set the stage for the Texas Revolution to occur.[12]

In March 1835, five Master Masons by the names of Anson Jones, John Wharton, Asa Brigham, James Phelps, and Alexander Russell, met "in a little grove of peach or laurel" at the town of Brazoria, "near a place known as General John Austin's,"[13] and resolved to petition Grand Master John H. Holland of the Grand Lodge of Louisiana asking for a dispensation to form a lodge in Texas. Foremost among these five Masons was Anson Jones who would later serve as Grand Master, and as President of the Republic of Texas.[14][15]

The lodge was instituted and opened on the 2nd floor of the old courthouse in Brazoria and their meetings continued until March 1836 when the Mexican army came through the town and destroyed the lodge building, their records, and jewels;[16] however, the charter was not in Texas at the time. That charter, creating Holland Lodge No. 36, was issued and signed on 27 January 1836. It was given to a Mr. John M. Allen, originally of Louisiana Lodge No. 32 to carry to Texas. Allen had been recruiting volunteers for the Texas Army in New Orleans, and would not reach Texas until just before the Battle of San Jacinto on 21 April 1836.[17] It would be carried inside the saddlebag of Anson Jones while he stormed into battle.[18]

Houston Masonic Temple 1870
Texas historical marker in front of the Grand Lodge of Texas
Front entrance to Grand Lodge of Texas

Freemasons and the Texas Revolution

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Source:[19]

Meanwhile, Texas was in the midst of war. The first shots of the Texas Revolution had been fired in October 1835 at Gonzales. Prior to this, Stephen F. Austin, the spokesman for Texas insurrectionists, had already met with 35 prominent local masons in a cottage at 829-833 Ursulines St. in New Orleans to plan the liberation from Mexico. At this meeting they strategized enlisting sympathizers and a local committee was authorized to recruit volunteers.[20][21] Later on, delegates had gathered at the small town of Washington-on-the-Brazos and signed the Texas Declaration of Independence on 2 March 1836. The Mexican Army under General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna had crossed the Rio Grande and attacked and defeated the small garrison at the Alamo in San Antonio de Bexar. Among the nearly 200 defenders who died at the Alamo were Freemasons James Bonham, James Bowie, David Crockett, Almaron Dickenson, and William Barrett Travis.[22][23] Among the few survivors of the Alamo was Susanna Dickinson. During the siege Almaron gave his masonic apron to his wife and instructed her that when the Alamo is taken, to wrap it around herself and their child. She did and Mexican Col Juan Almonte, a known mason, recognized the apron of his fraternity and protected the widow and orphan from the brutality of after the siege.[24] Santa Anna also offered take care of the widow and adopt the orphan by educating the child in Mexico, a courtesy he did not extend to any other widow or orphaned survivor. She refused and Santa Anna gifted the masonic widow and orphan each a blanket and two dollars in silver before sending them off with a letter of warning to General Houston.[25]

There has existed for many years the story or myth that General Santa Anna, captured on 21 April 1836 after the defeat of the Mexican Army after the Battle of San Jacinto, was able to save himself from execution by giving secret "Masonic signs" when he was captured, and again when he was brought before General Sam Houston.[26] Texas historian James D. Carter recorded in his book, Masonry in Texas, that "Texas Masons contemporary with [the Battle of] San Jacinto stated emphatically that Santa Anna 'filled the air' with Masonic signs after his capture and had given a Masonic grip to Houston."[27] C.R. Wharton, in his book, El Presidente, stated that "Santa Anna, fearing for his life, gave the Masonic distress signal to John A. Wharton."[28] Santa Anna probably knew the appropriate grips and signs, since he was a member of the Scottish Rite in Mexico (Escoceses),[29][30][31] which had become dominated by men devoted to Mexican government centralization. Within Mexico, opposition to the centralists found itself organized around Mexico's York Rite establishment. By 1833, both had mostly been displaced in popularity by a "Mexican National Rite", although Santa Anna kept his Scottish Rite associates around him.[32][33] However, he was also well known in Mexico as the "renegade mason" for his lack of integrity.[34] Whether or not this specifically saved his life is not clear. What is certain is that Santa Anna was worth more to Texas alive than dead. President Andrew Jackson, a member of the same Masonic lodge as Sam Houston at Cumberland Lodge No. 8 in Nashville, Tennessee, wrote to Houston and implored him to spare Santa Anna's life, reminding Houston that "while he is in your power, the difficulties of your enemy, in raising another army, will be great.... Let not his blood be shed, unless imperious necessity demands it.... Both wisdom and humanity enjoin this course in relation to Santa Anna."[35] After capture, Sam Houston assigned John Stiles among others to protect Santa Anna while in captivity, and in return Santa Anna gifted Stiles his masonic apron as a token of gratitude for providing hospitality and safety.[36][37][30]

Grand Lodge of the Republic of Texas

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The Masonic Convention of December 1837: By the end of 1837, three lodges had been chartered in Texas by the Grand Lodge of Louisiana: Holland Lodge No. 1 which had moved to the city of Houston, Milam Lodge No. 2 at Nacogdoches, and McFarland Lodge No. 3 at San Augustine. On 20 December 1837, Sam Houston, President of the Republic of Texas, presided over a convention meeting in the city of Houston consisting of the representatives of these three lodges. The representatives were: From Holland Lodge: Sam Houston, Anson Jones, Jeff Wright, and Thomas G. Western; from Milam Lodge: Thomas J. Rusk, I. W. Burton, Charles S. Taylor, Adolphus Sterne, and Kelsey Harris Douglass; and from McFarland Lodge: G. H. Winchell was delegated to represent McFarland Lodge.[38] The representatives there assembled resolved to form a "Grand Lodge of the Republic of Texas," and to that end they elected Anson Jones as the first Grand Master of Masons in Texas, and other officers. After approving a resolution that the first meeting of the Grand Lodge should be held "on the third Monday of April next," the convention was then adjourned. It is clear from the minutes of this convention that, although a Grand Master was elected, he was not yet installed, and although a resolution to form a Grand Lodge was approved by the convention, it had not yet done so. The birthdate of the new Grand Lodge was still four months away.[39]

The Grand Lodge is Born - 16 April 1838: As the delegates to the previous convention had agreed, they met again on the third Monday, the 16th of April 1838 in the city of Houston, although only three of the six elective grand officers were in attendance: the Grand Master-elect, the Senior Grand Warden-elect, and the Grand Treasurer-elect. Nevertheless, the minutes state that the "Grand Lodge was opened in ample form,"[40] and, according to Texas historian James D. Carter, "the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of Louisiana was ended," making 16 April 1838 the birthdate of the Grand Lodge of the Republic of Texas.[2] It may be of some historical interest to note that three and one-half weeks later, on 11 May 1838, the Grand Lodge met again and installed the Grand Master and his officers.[41] As a result, this latter date, 11 May 1838, is the birthdate of the Grand Lodge given in Coil's Masonic Encyclopedia.[42]

Early Texas Lodges

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The following is a list of 26 lodges that were organized before 19 February 1846, during the Republic of Texas period, and under the Grand Lodge of the Republic of Texas. They are listed along with their final charter dates and original locations:[43]

Lodge Final Charter Date Location
Holland No. 1[44] 2 Dec. 1835 Brazoria
Milam No. 2 2 Dec. 1838 Nacogdoches
McFarland No. 3[n1] 18 Nov. 1838 San Augustine
Temple No. 4 [n2][45] 10 May 1838 Houston
St. John's No. 5[46] 18 Nov. 1838 West Columbia
Harmony No. 6 30 Jan. 1840 Galveston
Matagorda No. 7[47] 18 Nov. 1838 Matagorda
Phoenix No. 8[n1] 18 Nov. 1838 Washington
DeKalb No. 9 2 Feb. 1840 De Kalb
Milam No. 11[n1] 31 Jan. 1840 Independence
Austin No. 12 18 Feb. 1840 Austin
Constantine No. 13[48] 10 Mar. 1840 Bonham
Trinity No. 14[49] 2 Nov. 1840 Livingston
Friendship No. 16 11 Dec. 1841 Clarksville
Orphans Friend No. 17[50] 30 Jun. 1842 Anderson
Washington No. 18[n2] 11 Jan. 1844 Washington
Forrest No. 19[51] 12 Jan. 1844 Huntsville
Graham No. 20 13 Jan. 1845 Brenham
Lothrop No. 21 18 Jan. 1845 Crockett
Marshall No. 22 18 Jan. 1845 Marshall
Clinton No. 23[52] 16 Jan. 1845 Henderson
Redland No. 24[n3] 16 Jan. 1845 San Augustine
Montgomery No. 25 15 Jan. 1846 Montgomery
Olive Branch No. 26[n5] 19 Feb. 1846 Cincinnati
Paris No. 27 24 Jun. 1846 Paris
Frontier No. 28[n4] 29 Nov. 1845 Corpus Christi
^[n1] - Demised.
^[n2] - Demised, but charter restored at or near original location.
^[n3] - Now working as Redland Lodge No. 3.
^[n4] - Demised 1847, but Charter Restored 2 Aug 2006 at West Columbia, TX.
^[n5] - Demised, but charter restored Dec 2005 near Sealy, TX.

Famous Texas Freemasons

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Freemason Presidents of The Republic of Texas

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Freemason Vice Presidents of The Republic of Texas

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Freemason Governors of Texas

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Freemason LT Governors of Texas (incomplete list)

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See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Normand, Pierre G. "Pete" (2004). "Pedigree of the Grand Lodge of Texas, A.F. & A.M.". Transactions of Texas Lodge of Research. XXXVIII. Waco, Texas: Comm. on Masonic Education & Service, Grand Lodge of Texas, A.F. & A.M.: 75.
  2. ^ a b Carter, James D. (1955). Masonry in Texas: Background, History and Influence to 1846. Waco, Texas: Comm. on Masonic Education & Service, Grand Lodge of Texas, A.F. & A.M. pp. 312–313. ISBN 1-258-13617-1. LCCN 65002193. OCLC 5543064.
  3. ^ Ruthven, A. S. (1857). "Grand Lodge of the Republic of Texas. May 11, 1838, A.L. 5838, at 8 o'clock P.M." (PDF). The Proceedings of the Grand Lodge of Texas. I. Galveston, Texas: Published by the authority of M. W. Wm. Stedman, G. Master: 20. ISBN 0-331-28408-1. LCCN 09016033. OCLC 34167449. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 12, 2024. Retrieved 2024-02-15.
  4. ^ "Masonic Service Association of North America". Archived from the original on 2010-09-29. Retrieved 2015-09-04.
  5. ^ Normand, Pete (1986). The Texas Masons: The Fraternity of Ancient Free & Accepted Masons in the History of Texas, p. 3. College Station, Tx: Brazos Valley Masonic Library & Museum Assn. OCLC 21424432, 731470119
  6. ^ a b Thompson, Edward N. (February 10, 1990). "HOLLAND NO. 36 ---LOUISIANA'S GIFT TO TEXAS". Louisiana Lodge or Research. p. 18. Archived from the original on July 23, 2008.
  7. ^ Thompson, Edward N. (February 10, 1990). "HOLLAND NO. 36 ---LOUISIANA'S GIFT TO TEXAS". Louisiana Lodge or Research. p. 17. Archived from the original on July 23, 2008.
  8. ^ Normand, Pete (1986). The Texas Masons: The Fraternity of Ancient Free & Accepted Masons in the History of Texas, pp. 3-4. College Station, Tx: Brazos Valley Masonic Library & Museum Assn. OCLC 21424432, 731470119
  9. ^ Schmeller, Mark (23 December 2019). "The conspiracy-fueled origin of the Christmas poinsettia: How the flower's namesake became embroiled in intrigue and foreign policy blunders in Mexico". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 23 December 2019.
  10. ^ "More Than Just A Flower: The Masonic Life of Joel Poinsett". Washington Lodge No. 46 A.F.&A.M. 12 December 2016. Archived from the original on 20 May 2022.
  11. ^ "Joel Roberts Poinsett Masonic authorization". Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Archived from the original on 22 August 2024.
  12. ^ Ray, Scott (19 December 2023). "The Thorny History of the Poinsettia's Namesake: Joel R. Poinsett, the first American minister to Mexico, was supposed to help the U.S. buy Texas. He meddled in local politics instead". Texas Monthly. Archived from the original on 19 December 2023.
  13. ^ Texas State Historical Survey Committee (1966). "Masonic Oak, State Historical Marker #9573". THE HISTORICAL MARKER DATABASE. Archived from the original on December 3, 2023.
  14. ^ "Masonic Oak Marker #2". THE HISTORICAL MARKER DATABASE. Archived from the original on February 10, 2024.
  15. ^ Jones, Anson. "Free Masonry in Texas: A Reminiscence of its Early History." Reprinted in The Proceedings of the Grand Lodge of Texas, Vol. I, pp. 6-7; by A. S. Ruthven, Gr. Sec.; (publ. 1857) Galveston, Tx: Richardson & Co. Archived from the original on February 11, 2024. ISBN 0-331-28408-1 LCCN 09-16033 OCLC 34167449
  16. ^ Jones, Anson. "Free Masonry in Texas: A Reminiscence of its Early History." Reprinted in The Proceedings of the Grand Lodge of Texas, Vol. I, p. 7; by A. S. Ruthven, Gr. Sec.; (publ. 1857) Galveston, Tx: Richardson & Co. Archived from the original on February 11, 2024. ISBN 0-331-28408-1, 0-331-21238-2 LCCN 09-16033 OCLC 34167449
  17. ^ Carter, James D. (1955). Masonry in Texas: Background, History and Influence to 1846. Waco, Tx: Comm. on Masonic Education & Service, Grand Lodge of Texas, A.F. & A.M. p. 260-262 ISBN 1-258-13617-1 LCCN 65-2193 OCLC 5543064, 1060560142
  18. ^ Texas State Historical Survey Committee (1970). "Holland Lodge No. 1 Ancient Free & Accepted Masons of Texas, State Historical Marker #10686". THE HISTORICAL MARKER DATABASE. Archived from the original on November 30, 2023.
  19. ^ Grand Lodge of Texas A.F.&A.M. (1936). "San Jacinto Masonic Monument". THE HISTORICAL MARKER DATABASE. Archived from the original on February 11, 2024.
  20. ^ Jordan, Dr. H. Glenn. Let There Be Light: A History of Freemasonry in Louisiana, 1763-1989. (Baton Rouge: Grand Lodge of the State of Louisiana, F. & A.M., 1990), p. 78, 128. OCLC 25150924 ASIN B005NMV3TW
  21. ^ Greene, Glen (1962). Masonry in Louisiana: A Sesquicentennial History 1812-1962. New York, NY: Exposition Press. pp. 90–91. ISBN 9781258086046. LCCN 62008381. OCLC 4954823.
  22. ^ The Grand Lodge of Texas A.F.&A.M. (1976). "Masonic Heroes of the Alamo Marker". THE HISTORICAL MARKER DATABASE. The Alamo Plaza, San Antonio, TX. Archived from the original on February 14, 2024.
  23. ^ Normand, Pete (1986). The Texas Masons: The Fraternity of Ancient Free & Accepted Masons in the History of Texas, p. 4. College Station, Tx: Brazos Valley Masonic Library & Museum Assn. OCLC 21424432, 731470119
  24. ^ Grand Lodge of Missouri (25 September 1978). One Hundred Fifty-Seventh Annual Communication Ancien~ Free and Accepted of the State of Missouri. pp. 6c.
  25. ^ Texas State Historical Association (24 May 2024). "Future Alamo defender and survivor elope". Handbook of Texas. Archived from the original on 14 April 2024.
  26. ^ Carter, James D. (1955) Masonry in Texas: Background, History and Influence to 1846, p. 284. Waco, Tx: Comm. on Masonic Education & Service, Grand Lodge of Texas, A.F. & A.M. ISBN 0-331-28408-1, 0-331-21238-2 LCCN 09-16033 OCLC 34167449
  27. ^ Carter, James D. (1955). Masonry in Texas: Background, History and Influence to 1846. Waco, Tx: Comm. on Masonic Education & Service, Grand Lodge of Texas, A.F. & A.M. pg. 285 (footnote 86) ISBN 1-258-13617-1 LCCN 65-2193 OCLC 5543064, 1060560142
  28. ^ Wharton, Clarence R. (1926). El presidente: A sketch of the life of General Santa Anna. Austin, Tx: Gammel's Book Store. pg. 25. Archived from original Text on February 17, 2024. LCCN 27-1141 – 26017584 OCLC 1521021, 1004475881 Archived from the original on March 1, 2024.
  29. ^ The Texas Scottish Rite of Freemasonry (April 4, 2013). "Santa Anna's Masonic Membership Confirmed". PR Newswire. Archived from the original on September 17, 2022.
  30. ^ a b Doke, Marshall J. (2016). "Santa Anna's Masonry Confirmed". Scottish Rite Journal of Freemasonry Southern Jurisdiction USA Vol. CXXIV No 1. Originally published in Volume I, 2015 of Texas HERITAGE Magazine, p. 17-21. A Publication of the Texas Historical Foundation. Archived from the print edition of Scottish Rite Journal on February 14, 2024, p. 21-22.
  31. ^ "Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna's Scottish Rite Certificate". Grand Lodge of New York. Archived from the original on February 13, 2024.
  32. ^ Thompson, Edward N. (1989) Brothers Divided: Mexico's Masonic Wars Louisiana Lodge of Research. Archived from the original on January 11, 2014.
  33. ^ Thompson, Edward N. (February 10, 1990). "HOLLAND NO. 36 ---LOUISIANA'S GIFT TO TEXAS". Louisiana Lodge or Research. p. 19. Archived from the original on July 23, 2008.
  34. ^ Stuart, William (1928). Masonic Soldiers of Fortune. Macoy Publishing and Masonic Supply Company. pg. 257, 260, 268. Archived from the Original on March 1, 2024. ISBN 1-163-31648-2, 1-162-57515-8 LCCN 29-447 OCLC 2863307 iarchive:masonic-soldiers-of-fortune
  35. ^ Carter, James D. (1955) Masonry in Texas: Background, History and Influence to 1846, p. 286. Waco, Tx: Comm. on Masonic Education & Service, Grand Lodge of Texas, A.F. & A.M. ISBN 0-331-28408-1, 0-331-21238-2 LCCN 09-16033 OCLC 34167449
  36. ^ Denslow, William (1960). "Anonio Lopez de Santa Anna." 10,000 Famous Freemasons - Vol IV [Q to Z]. Missouri Lodge of Research Board of Publication. pp. 96–97. OCLC 11337271, 15472600, 24959664, 63197837
  37. ^ Reaves, Randon; Houston Masonic Library and Museum. "Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna's Masonic Apron". Reprinted by S.W. Hacket Lodge No. 574 website. Archived from the original on February 24, 2017.
  38. ^ Chatham, Walter A. A History of the Masonic Building Association of Houston. 1974. pg. 15-16 OCLC 4670090 ASIN B002EOD2I2
  39. ^ Jones, Anson; Secretary of the Convention. "Convention of Master Masons," (20 December 1837). Reprinted in Reprinted in The Proceedings of the Grand Lodge of Texas, Vol. I, pp. 9-10, by A. S. Ruthven, Gr. Sec. (publ. 1857) Galveston, Tx: Richardson & Co. Archived from the original on February 11, 2024. ISBN 0-331-28408-1, 0-331-21238-2 LCCN 09-16033 OCLC 34167449
  40. ^ Shepherd, Wm. M., Gr. Sec. pro-tem. Minutes of the Grand Lodge for 16 April 1838. Reprinted in The Proceedings of the Grand Lodge of Texas, Vol. I, p. 11, by A. S. Ruthven, Gr. Sec. (publ. 1857) Galveston, Tx: Richardson & Co. Archived from the original on February 11, 2024 ISBN 0-331-28408-1, 0-331-21238-2 LCCN 09-16033 OCLC 34167449
  41. ^ Fischer, George, Gr. Sec. Minutes of the Grand Lodge for 11 May 1838. Reprinted in The Proceedings of the Grand Lodge of Texas, Vol. I, p. 19-20, by A. S. Ruthven, Gr. Sec. (publ. 1857) Galveston, Tx: Richardson & Co. Archived from the original on February 11, 2024 ISBN 0-331-28408-1, 0-331-21238-2 LCCN 09-16033 OCLC 34167449
  42. ^ Coil, Henry W. (1961). Article: "Texas", p. 651. Coil's Masonic Encyclopedia (rev. ed. 1996). Richmond, Va: Macoy Publ. Co. ISBN 1-258-11536-0 LCCN 96-197919 OCLC 1621521
  43. ^ Directory of Constituent Lodges in Texas. (2005-2006) Waco, Tx: The Grand Lodge of Texas. OCLC 35521703
  44. ^ No. 1, Holland Lodge; Tx, A. f; Marker, USA Texas StateHistorical. "Holland Lodge No. 1, A.F." Stopping Points Historical Markers & Points of Interest.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  45. ^ No. 4, Temple Lodge; Tx, A. F.; Marker, USA Texas StateHistorical. "Temple Lodge No. 4, A. F." Stopping Points Historical Markers & Points of Interest.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  46. ^ No. 5, St John's Lodge; Tx, A. F.; Marker, USA Texas StateHistorical. "St. John's Lodge No. 5, A. F." Stopping Points Historical Markers & Points of Interest.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  47. ^ No. 7, Matagorda Lodge; Tx, A. f; Marker, USA Texas StateHistorical. "Matagorda Lodge No. 7, A.F." Stopping Points Historical Markers & Points of Interest.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  48. ^ No. 13, Constantine Lodge; Tx, A. F.; Marker, USA Texas StateHistorical. "Constantine Lodge No. 13, A. F." Stopping Points Historical Markers & Points of Interest.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  49. ^ No. 14, Trinity Lodge; Tx, A. f; Marker, USA Texas StateHistorical. "Trinity Lodge No. 14, A.F." Stopping Points Historical Markers & Points of Interest.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  50. ^ TX, Orphans Friend Lodge No 17 Ancient Free; Marker, USA Texas StateHistorical. "Orphans Friend Lodge No. 17 Ancient Free". Stopping Points Historical Markers & Points of Interest.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  51. ^ No. 19, Forrest Lodge; Tx, A. f; Marker, USA Texas StateHistorical. "Forrest Lodge No. 19, A.F." Stopping Points Historical Markers & Points of Interest.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  52. ^ No. 23, Clinton Lodge; Tx, A. F.; Marker, USA Texas StateHistorical. "Clinton Lodge No. 23, A. F." Stopping Points Historical Markers & Points of Interest.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  53. ^ "Boaz Hall at SMU". Dallas Freemasonry. 2012-05-19. Retrieved 2017-11-02.
  54. ^ "Texas Mason Magazine Archives | the Grand Lodge of Texas".
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