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Happy (Pharrell Williams song)

From Wikipedia - Reading time: 35 min
"Happy"
Single by Pharrell Williams
from the album Girl and Despicable Me 2: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
ReleasedNovember 21, 2013 (2013-11-21)[1]
RecordedMarch 2013
StudioCircle House (Miami)[2]
Genre
Length3:55
Label
Songwriter(s)Pharrell Williams
Producer(s)Pharrell Williams
Pharrell Williams singles chronology
"Lose Yourself to Dance"
(2013) 		"Happy"
(2013) 		"Move That Dope"
(2014)
Music video
"Happy" on YouTube

"Happy" is a song written, produced, and performed by American singer-songwriter Pharrell Williams, released as the only single from the soundtrack album for the film Despicable Me 2 (2013).[a] The song was first released on July 2, 2013 with the soundtrack, and it was released as a single on November 21, 2013, alongside a long-form music video. The song was reissued on December 16, 2013, by Back Lot Music under exclusive license to Columbia Records, a division of Sony Music.[1] The song also served as the lead single from Williams's second studio album, Girl (2014). An official remix features American rapper Sky Blu of LMFAO.

"Happy" is an uptempo soul and neo soul song on which Williams's falsetto voice has been compared to Curtis Mayfield's by critics. The song has been highly successful, peaking at No. 1 in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, and 19 other countries. It was the best-selling song of 2014 in the United States with 6.45 million copies sold for the year,[3] as well as in the United Kingdom with 1.5 million copies sold for the year.[4] It reached No. 1 in the UK on a record-setting three occasions and became the most downloaded song of all time in the UK in September 2014;[5] it is the eighth-highest-selling single of all time in the country.[6] It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song. A live rendition of the song won the Grammy Award for Best Pop Solo Performance at the 57th Annual Grammy Awards.

The music video for "Happy" was nominated for Best Male Video and Video of the Year at the 2014 MTV Video Music Awards. It also won the Grammy Award for Best Music Video at the 57th Annual Grammy Awards.[7][8] The song was Billboard's number-one single for 2014. "Happy" was the most successful song of 2014, with 13.9 million units (sales plus equivalent streams) worldwide.[9]

In 2024, the song appeared on Williams' soundtrack album Piece by Piece.

Background

[edit]

Williams provided vocals for French duo Daft Punk's 2013 album Random Access Memories, on the songs "Lose Yourself to Dance" and "Get Lucky". After returning from the recording sessions in Paris, he attended a meeting with record label managers who said that the results were "spectacular" and that "Get Lucky" would be Daft Punk's next single. They also made Williams an offer to record his own album, to which he agreed quickly, "overwhelmed that someone wanted to know what's in my heart".[10]

On December 17, 2013, it was announced that Williams had signed to Columbia Records and would release his second studio album in 2014.[11]

Williams originally wrote the song for CeeLo Green and felt Green's recording of the song was better, but Elektra Records, Green's record label, decided against it since he was on the verge of releasing his Christmas album, Cee Lo's Magic Moment.[12][13][14][15]

Composition

[edit]
"Happy" (2013)
A 23-second sample of "Happy", a soul song.
Problems playing this file? See media help.

"Happy" was written and produced by Williams, with backing vocals by Rhea Dummett, Trevon Henderson, Ashley L. Lee, Shamika Hightower, Jasmine Murray and Terrence Rolle.[16] The track was digitally edited and arranged by Andrew Coleman and Mike Larson, who also recorded it with assistance from Matthew Desrameaux at Circle House Studios in Miami, Florida. The song was later mixed by Leslie Brathwaite at Music Box Studios in Atlanta, Georgia.[16]

"Happy" plays for 3 minutes and 53 seconds[1] in common time and at a tempo of 156 beats per minute. The song is written in the key of F major. Williams sings the upper notes in falsetto; his vocal range spans from F3 to C5.[17] His singing on the track has been compared to that of Curtis Mayfield.[18][19]

"Happy" is a mid-tempo soul and neo soul song.[20][21] According to music journalist Paul Tingen, "Happy" is "a mid-tempo ... song in a faux-Motown style, with an arrangement that is, by modern standards, very sparse: programmed drums, one bass and one keyboard part, and handclaps both programmed and played, all topped off by Williams's lead vocals and a whole posse of backing vocals".[20] Jody Rosen viewed the song as a "standout" with a "sprightly neosoul funk groove".[18]

Critical reception

[edit]
Professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
Contactmusic.com[22]
Renowned for Sound[23]
Rolling Stone[18]

"Happy" was met with universal acclaim. Jody Rosen of Rolling Stone gave it 3.5 stars and deemed it "an instant contender for 2013's Song of the Summer".[18] In a 4/5 review, Renowned for Sound's Huw Woodward said, "Happy is a rather… well… happy affair with a cheerful beat and exuberant vocal that would indicate that the former N.E.R.D. singer is finding a lot of lighthearted fun to be had in both music and life. 'Because I'm happy, clap along if you feel like happiness is the truth' sings Williams as the jaunty rhythm gets your head nodding."[23] Holly Williams of Contactmusic.com gave it four stars, praising it for being "unbelievably catchy" and "the kind of song that makes you want to dance and sing along".[22] Reggie Ugwu of Billboard called the song "Contagiously peppy and brilliantly simple".[24]

The song was nominated for Best Original Song at the 86th Academy Awards on March 2, 2014, but lost to "Let It Go" from Frozen.[25]

In January 2015, "Happy" was ranked at No. 13 on The Village Voice's annual year-end Pazz & Jop critics' poll.[26]

Retrospective reviews have been more critical. In 2022, Far Out placed "Happy" on its "The 10 worst songs to have spent 10 weeks at Number 1 on the Billboard Hot 100" list: "Featuring nonsensical lyrics such as "clap along if you feel like a room without a roof," it's a fine enough song for a children's film. However, there was no need for such a repetitive song to receive so much general radio play."[27] Writing for Stereogum in his The Number Ones column, Tom Breihan gave the song a 3/10, calling it "a repetitive song, one that keeps running its chorus back and doesn’t have a proper bridge."[28]

Chart performance

[edit]

Netherlands

[edit]

In October 2013, a month prior to its single release, "Happy" catapulted to No. 1 on the Dutch Top 40 chart in the Netherlands, partially as a result of radio station 3FM airplay and subsequent online downloads, as well as featuring in a Transavia commercial.[29] It was released worldwide on November 21, 2013. In 2014, after 35 weeks on the charts and then still in the top 15, "Happy" became the most successful song in the Dutch Top 40 of all time.[30][31]

United Kingdom

[edit]

In the United Kingdom, "Happy" debuted at No. 71 on the UK Singles Chart on December 1, 2013.[32] It then spent four weeks climbing before finally reaching No. 1 on December 29, becoming the final UK number one single of 2013.[33] It became Williams' third No. 1 song in Britain, counting "Get Lucky" and "Blurred Lines", where he appeared as a featured artist.[34] It has since spent four non-consecutive weeks at No. 1, reaching the peak on three separate occasions. In doing so, Williams became only the third artist ever to achieve this, and the first since Guy Mitchell in 1957 with "Singing the Blues".[35] Following the single's third week at No. 1, it spent five weeks in the top three before returning to the summit, boosted by his performance at the 2014 Brit Awards.[35] In the same week that "Happy" returned to No. 1 for the third time, it sold its millionth copy in the UK, Williams' third in under a year, having previously done so with Daft Punk's "Get Lucky" in June 2013, and Thicke's "Blurred Lines" in July 2013. This made Williams only the second artist in UK chart history (the first being The Beatles) to have three singles sell 1 million copies in under a year,[35] as well as only the third artist ever to have three million-sellers, along with The Beatles (who have six) and Rihanna (who has four).[35]

"Happy" was the best-selling single of UK in 2014, with 1.5 million copies sold for the year,[4] and became the most downloaded song of all time in the UK by September 2014, with over 1.62 million sold.[36] It had also been streamed over 25 million times and was the first song released in the 2010s to go 3× Platinum.[37] With the inclusion of streaming, "Happy" has achieved combined sales of over 2 million.[38] Additionally, "Happy" and Idina Menzel's "Let It Go" became the first singles ever to spend an entire calendar year on the official UK top 75 chart. On June 12, it was announced that "Happy" had overtaken "Evergreen" by Will Young as the UK's best-selling single of the 21st century, with sales of 1.81 million.[36] "Happy" spent 92 weeks in the UK top 100.[39] As of February 2020, the song has sold 1,950,000 copies.[6]

New Zealand

[edit]

On the New Zealand Singles Chart, "Happy" debuted at No. 11 on December 23, 2013. The next week it moved to No. 2. Then on January 6, 2014, "Happy" began a 12-week consecutive reign in the No. 1 position, right up until March 24, 2014. It then dropped to No. 2 for one week, then spent a further three weeks at No. 1, bringing the total number of weeks at No. 1 to fifteen, breaking the 36-year-long record for most weeks spent at No. 1, previously held by Boney M.'s "Rivers of Babylon".[40][41] As of February 22, 2015, "Happy" had spent 62 straight weeks in the New Zealand Top 40 since its debut, before finally dropping out of the chart the following week. The song has been certified 6× Platinum in New Zealand.[40][42]

United States

[edit]

"Happy" reached the top of the US Billboard Hot 100 for the week ending March 8, 2014, giving Williams his fourth No. 1 single on the chart, and his first as lead artist. It took twelve years and a week (as the issue date is March 8, 2014) to achieve his first Hot 100 No. 1 hit as a lead artist.[43] The song remained at No. 1 the following week, and also topped the Hot 100 Airplay chart.[44] The song also holds the record for the second-highest audience peak for a week on the Hot 100 Airplay, with 225.9 million impressions while Robin Thicke's "Blurred Lines", a song in which Pharrell was featured as well as produced and co-wrote, holds the all-time record.[45] The song remained at the No. 1 position longer than any other song in the calendar year. The single passed its 4 million sales mark in April 2014, the first song of 2014 to do so.[46]

On the week of May 17, 2014, after spending ten weeks at the summit, "Happy" was finally knocked off number one by John Legend's "All of Me" down to the No. 2 spot.[47] "Happy" became the 28th song in the history of the chart to reach this milestone.[48] It spent a total of 22 weeks in the top 10, entering on the week-ending February 15, 2014 and departing on July 19, 2014. The song sold 5,633,000 copies in the US in the first six months of 2014, the most ever of any song in the first six months of any calendar year.[49] It was also the best-selling song of 2014 in the US with 6.45 million copies sold for the year,[3] and has sold over 6.9 million total copies in the US as of April 2015.[50]

Other charts

[edit]

The song also topped the charts of 22 other countries, including Australia, Austria, Canada, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Poland and Spain. It has spent twelve weeks (including seven consecutive) at No. 1 in Ireland,[51] making it the third song in less than a year to spend more than seven weeks at No. 1, after Robin Thicke's "Blurred Lines" and Avicii's "Wake Me Up!". In France, "Happy" spent 22 weeks at No. 1, the longest reign at the top of the Syndicat National de l'Edition Phonographique, beating Lou Bega's "Mambo No. 5", which spent 20 weeks at No. 1 in 1999.

Music video

[edit]

To coincide with the single release, the website 24hoursofhappy.com was launched. It features a visual presentation of "Happy" advertised as being "the world's first 24-hour music video." The video was directed by the French directing team We Are from LA[52] with creative director Yoann Lemoine,[53] and shot by steadicam operator Jon Beattie.[54] It consists of the four-minute song repeated multiple times, with various people dancing around Los Angeles and miming along. The website allows users to navigate to various points in the 24-hour timeframe, including all 360 four-minute segments.[55] The video featured appearances by Jimmy Kimmel, Tyler, the Creator, Jamie Foxx, Magic Johnson, Issa Rae, Earl Sweatshirt, Kelly Osbourne, JoJo, Sérgio Mendes, Ryan Heffington, Whit Hertford, Leah LaBelle, Jasper Dolphin, and Despicable Me 2 stars Steve Carell and Miranda Cosgrove. It held the Guinness world record for the longest music video from 2013 to 2020, when it was surpassed by Twenty One Pilots’ 178 day long live stream of fan clips for their single "Level of Concern".

A four-minute edit of the video was also released onto the iamOTHER and Pharrell's own YouTube channel on November 21, 2013, and January 8, 2014 respectively; both uploads of the video have received over 1 billion views as of April 2024.[56][57] It was nominated for Best Male Video and Video of the Year at the 2014 MTV Video Music Awards.[7][8] The 24-hour music video for "Happy" was also projected at the Buenos Aires International Festival of Independent Cinema in April 2014.[58]

"Happy" tribute videos

[edit]

The original video spawned many cover videos on YouTube in which people from different cities throughout the world dance to the song. Those videos are usually called "Pharrell Williams – Happy – We Are from [name of the city]".[59] As of May 2014, more than 1,500 videos have been created. Inspired by this global phenomenon, a French couple launched a website wearehappyfrom.com to showcase the remakes.[60]

In April 2014, the Embassy of the United States, Yerevan, Armenia released a video titled "Happy Yerevan", directed by Artyom Abovyan featuring US ambassador John A. Heffern and several Armenian celebrities, such as singers André, Emmy and Aram Mp3.[61][62] The same month artsmedia Albania produced a music video for the track featuring inhabitants of Tirana. The video soon became popular in Albania and caused controversy over the usage of images of Albanian First Secretary Enver Hoxha.[63]

Arrests in Iran for tribute

[edit]

In May 2014, a group of Iranian fans who created a tribute to "Happy" were arrested.[64][65][66][67] According to a police chief, the song represented vulgarity and also hurt public chastity. Williams responded to the arrest in a tweet stating "It's beyond sad these kids were arrested for trying to spread happiness."[68] Soon after Iran's President Hassan Rouhani criticized the arrest when he tweeted "#Happiness is our people's right. We shouldn't be too hard on behaviours caused by joy."[69] The dancers, along with the director,[70] were later released. It was reported on September 19, 2014, that seven of the individuals in the Iranian video had been handed sentences, suspended for three years, of 91 lashes each along with jail by Iranian courts.[71]

"Weird Al" Yankovic parody

[edit]
Main article: Tacky (song)

In 2014, American musician "Weird Al" Yankovic parodied "Happy" as "Tacky" on his fourteenth studio album Mandatory Fun. The song mocks questionable style in fashion as well as activities considered gauche. Yankovic recorded the song as one of the last on Mandatory Fun, and received Williams' approval directly, through email. He remarked he was "honored" to have his work spoofed by Yankovic.[72] The song's one-shot music video parodies "Happy", and was the first in a series of eight videos released over eight days in promotion of Mandatory Fun. It features cameo appearances by Aisha Tyler, Margaret Cho, Eric Stonestreet, Kristen Schaal, and Jack Black, and was produced by Nerdist Industries.[73][74]

Credits and personnel

[edit]

Recording[2]

Personnel[2]

  • Pharrell Williams – lead vocals, background vocals, keyboards, drums, bass guitar, writing, production
  • Rhea Dummett – backing vocals
  • Trevon Henderson – backing vocals
  • Ashley L. Lee – backing vocals
  • Shamika Hightower – backing vocals
  • Jasmine Murray – backing vocals
  • Terrence Rolle – backing vocals
  • Amir Windom - A&R
  • Ali Khazaee - Cover Art
  • Mike Larson – recording, digital editing, arrangement
  • Matthew Desrameaux – recording assistant
  • Andrew Coleman – digital editing, arrangement
  • Leslie Brathwaite – mixer
  • Reuben Cohen – mastering

Charts

[edit]

Certifications

[edit]
Region Certification Certified units/sales
Australia (ARIA)[196] 11× Platinum 770,000‡
Austria (IFPI Austria)[197] Gold 15,000*
Belgium (BEA)[198] 4× Platinum 80,000‡
Canada (Music Canada)[199] Diamond 800,000‡
Denmark (IFPI Danmark)[200] Platinum 30,000^
France (SNEP)[202] Diamond 335,000[201]
Germany (BVMI)[203] 9× Gold 1,350,000‡
Italy (FIMI)[204] 6× Platinum 180,000‡
Japan (RIAJ)[205] 2× Platinum 500,000*
Mexico (AMPROFON)[206] Diamond+Platinum+Gold 390,000‡
New Zealand (RMNZ)[42] 6× Platinum 90,000*
Norway (IFPI Norway)[207] 3× Platinum 30,000*
Portugal (AFP)[208] Gold 10,000‡
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[209] 4× Platinum 160,000‡
Sweden (GLF)[210] 4× Platinum 160,000‡
Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland)[211] 3× Platinum 90,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)[212] 6× Platinum 1,950,000[6]
United States (RIAA)[213] 11× Platinum 11,000,000‡
Streaming
Denmark (IFPI Danmark)[214] 4× Platinum 10,400,000†
Japan (RIAJ)[215] Gold 50,000,000†
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[216] 2× Platinum 16,000,000†

* Sales figures based on certification alone.
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.
† Streaming-only figures based on certification alone.

Release history

[edit]
Region Date Format Label
Worldwide[217] May 22, 2013 Streaming
Australia[218] November 21, 2013 Digital download Back Lot Music
Austria[219]
Belgium[220]
Canada[221]
Denmark[222]
Finland[223]
France[224]
Germany[225]
Greece[226]
Italy[227]
Japan[228]
Latin America[229]
Netherlands[230]
New Zealand[231]
Norway[232]
Spain[233]
Sweden[234]
United Kingdom[235]
United States[1]
United States[236] January 13, 2014 Adult contemporary Columbia
United States[237] January 21, 2014 Contemporary hit radio

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ The song "Just a Cloud Away", also from the soundtrack, was released as a single on March 24, 2022 after a resurgence in popularity due to TikTok.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d "Happy (From "Despicable Me 2") – Single by Pharrell Williams". iTunes US. Retrieved November 23, 2013.
  2. ^ a b c Despicable Me 2: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack (Media notes). Back Lot Music, Columbia Records. 2013.
  3. ^ a b Grein, Paul (December 31, 2014). "It's Official: Pharrell Has 2014's Best-Selling Song". Yahoo! Music. Retrieved April 22, 2015.
  4. ^ a b Copsey, Rob (January 1, 2015). "The Official Top 40 Biggest Selling Singles of 2014". Official Charts Company. Retrieved January 1, 2015.
  5. ^ Copsey, Rob (September 9, 2014). "Pharrell's Happy now the UK's most downloaded track of all time". Official Charts Company. Retrieved April 22, 2015.
  6. ^ a b c Myers, Justin (February 14, 2020). "The best-selling singles of all time on the Official UK Chart". Official Charts Company. Retrieved December 4, 2021.
  7. ^ a b "Best Male Video 2014 MTV Video Awards". MTV. August 24, 2014. Archived from the original on July 19, 2014. Retrieved August 24, 2014.
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  14. ^ Michaels, Sean (April 30, 2014). "Pharrell Williams' Happy was originally recorded by Cee Lo Green". The Guardian. Retrieved March 23, 2019.
  15. ^ Blake, Jimmy (May 1, 2014). "Pharrell's Happy originally recorded by Cee Lo Green". Newsbeat. Retrieved March 23, 2019.
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  27. ^ "The 10 worst songs to have spent 10 or more weeks at number one". Far Out. 18 October 2022. Retrieved April 30, 2023.
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  36. ^ a b Copsey, Rob (June 11, 2015). "The Official Top 40 Biggest Selling Singles of the Millennium so far revealed". Official Charts Company. Retrieved June 12, 2015.
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  38. ^ Jones, Alan (November 3, 2014). "Official Charts Analysis: Taylor Swift tops albums with 90,336 sales of 1989". Music Week. Retrieved May 25, 2015 – via Mediaor.com.
  39. ^ "Pharrell Williams". Official Charts Company.
  40. ^ a b c "Pharrell Williams – Happy". Top 40 Singles. Retrieved December 23, 2013.
  41. ^ Manning, Brendan (April 28, 2014). "Pharrell's happy chart-buster". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved April 28, 2014.
  42. ^ a b "New Zealand single certifications – Pharrell Williams – Happy". Recorded Music NZ. Retrieved 2024-11-20.
  43. ^ Trust, Gary (February 26, 2014). "Pharrell Williams' 'Happy' Hits No. 1 on Hot 100". Billboard. Retrieved February 26, 2014.
  44. ^ Trust, Gary (March 5, 2014). "Pharrell's 'Happy' Holds at No. 1 On Hot 100". Billboard. Retrieved March 6, 2014.
  45. ^ Trust, Gary (April 2, 2014). "Pharrell Williams' 'Happy' Holds Atop Hot 100; DJ Snake & Lil Jon Hit Top 10". Billboard. Retrieved April 3, 2014.
  46. ^ Grein, Paul (March 26, 2014). "Chart Watch: "Happy" tops 4M". Chart Watch. Yahoo! Music. Retrieved March 30, 2014.
  47. ^ Trust, Gary (May 7, 2014). "John Legend's 'All of Me' Tops Hot 100, Ariana Grande Debuts at No. 3". Billboard. Retrieved May 10, 2014.
  48. ^ Trust, Gary (April 30, 2014). "Pharrell Williams Tops Hot 100 for 10th Week, Iggy Azalea Vaults Into Top 10". Billboard. Retrieved April 30, 2014.
  49. ^ Grein, Paul (July 3, 2014). "Chart Watch Extra: 12 Facts About 2014's First Six Months in Music". Chart Watch. Yahoo! Music. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014.
  50. ^ "The Rise of Uptown Funk: Could It Become the All-Time #1 Seller?". Hits. April 9, 2015. Retrieved April 9, 2015.
  51. ^ Corner, Lewis (February 14, 2014). "Pharrell Williams holds on to Irish No.1 with 'Happy'". Digital Spy. Retrieved February 15, 2014.
  52. ^ "57th Annual GRAMMY Awards Winners & Nominees". Grammy.com. Archived from the original on February 10, 2015.
  53. ^ Tierney, Luke (November 27, 2013). "Pharrell Williams 'Happy' by We Are from LA". Promonews.tv. Retrieved March 8, 2014.
  54. ^ Wöber, Sebastian (November 28, 2013). "How did Jon Beattie shoot Pharrell's "24 Hours of Happy"?". cinema5D. Retrieved May 17, 2014.
  55. ^ Awazie, Ikechi (February 27, 2014). "Be an Inspiration: 24 Hours of Happy Music". Be a Light to the World. Retrieved May 13, 2014.
  56. ^ "Pharrell Williams – Happy (Official Music Video)". i Am Other. November 21, 2013. Retrieved March 4, 2018 – via YouTube.
  57. ^ "Pharrell Williams - Happy (Video)". YouTube. Pharrell Williams. January 8, 2014. Retrieved January 2, 2023.
  58. ^ "BAFICI" (PDF) (in Spanish). Government of Buenos Aires. Retrieved May 18, 2016.
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  60. ^ "#BBCtrending: Pharrell's hit video inspires 1,000 re-makes". BBC News Online. April 4, 2014. Retrieved April 6, 2014.
  61. ^ "Happy Yerevan". U.S. Embassy in Armenia. April 8, 2014. Retrieved April 9, 2014.
  62. ^ "Happy Yerevan (Aram MP 3, US Ambassador, Andre & Others)". Tert.am. April 9, 2014. Archived from the original on October 12, 2014. Retrieved April 9, 2014.
  63. ^ "We Are Happy from Tirana – Pharrell Williams #HAPPYFROMTIRANA". artsmedia Albania. April 18, 2014. Retrieved April 26, 2014 – via YouTube.
  64. ^ Cooper, Hayden (May 21, 2014). "Iranians arrested after posting their own video of Pharrell Williams's song Happy on YouTube". ABC Online. Retrieved May 21, 2014.
  65. ^ Ensor, Josie; Vahdat, Ahmad (May 21, 2014). "Young Iranians arrested for 'vulgar' Pharrell Williams' Happy dance". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 12, 2022. Retrieved May 21, 2014.
  66. ^ Hafiz, Yasmine (May 20, 2014). "Young Iranians arrested for 'vulgar' Pharrell Williams' Happy dance". The Huffington Post. Retrieved May 21, 2014.
  67. ^ "Iranian Pharrell fans arrested for Happy tribute video". BBC News Online. May 21, 2014. Retrieved May 21, 2014.
  68. ^ Pharrell Williams [@Pharrell] (May 20, 2014). "It's beyond sad these kids were arrested for trying to spread happiness http://nyti.ms/1mUvh37" (Tweet). Archived from the original on June 20, 2014. Retrieved June 10, 2015 – via Twitter.
  69. ^ Hassan Rouhani [@HassanRouhani] (May 21, 2014). ""#Happiness is our people's right. We shouldn't be too hard on behaviors caused by joy." 29/6/2013" (Tweet). Retrieved Feb 16, 2017 – via Twitter.
  70. ^ Mackey, Robert (May 29, 2014). "Director of 'Happy in Tehran' Video Is Reportedly Freed". The New York Times. Retrieved June 4, 2014.
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