Harkavy is a Jewish surname. Variants in Russian language include Garkavy/Garkavyi (ru:Гаркавый), ru:Гарькавый) and Gorkavy (ru:Горькавый). The Dictionary of American Family Names suggests that the surname is derived from the Belarusian word 'harkavyj' for a person who pronounces uvular R (see wikt:burr, Etymology 2) instead of voiced alveolar trill R (thus hinting at Jewish accent)[1] In fact a derogatory epithet for a Jew is "гаркавы" (Russian "картавый"), or "burry". Another meaning of the Belarusian word "гаркавы" is "slightly bitter" (in taste).
Notable people with the surname include:
Elhanan Harkavy, Dor yesharim. Kolel seder ha-yaḥaś le-mishpaḥat Harḳaṿi ..., a genealogical account of the Harkavy family, New York, 1903 (Google Books, free, in Hebrew)