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Help!

From Wikipedia - Reading time: 27 min
This article is about the Beatles album. For the Beatles song, see Help! (song). For the film, see Help! (film). For other uses, see Help (disambiguation).

Help!
The Beatles, standing in a row and wearing blue jackets, with their arms positioned as if to spell out a word in flag semaphore – George, John, Paul and Ringo
Studio album by
the Beatles
Released6 August 1965 (1965-08-06)
Recorded15 February – 17 June 1965
StudioEMI, London
Genre
Length33:44
LabelParlophone
ProducerGeorge Martin
The Beatles chronology
Beatles for Sale
(1964) 		Help!
(1965) 		Rubber Soul
(1965)
The Beatles North American chronology
Beatles VI
(1965) 		Help!
(1965) 		Rubber Soul
(1965)
Singles from Help!
  1. "Ticket to Ride"
    Released: 9 April 1965
  2. "Help!"
    Released: 23 July 1965

Help! is the fifth studio album by the English rock band the Beatles and the soundtrack to their film of the same name. It was released on 6 August 1965 by Parlophone. Seven of the fourteen songs, including the singles "Help!" and "Ticket to Ride", appeared in the film and take up the first side of the vinyl album. The second side includes "Yesterday", the most-covered song ever written.[3] The album was met with favourable critical reviews and topped the Australian, German, British and American charts.

During the recording sessions for the album, the Beatles continued to explore the studio's multitracking capabilities to layer their sound. "Yesterday" features a string quartet, the band's first use of Baroque sensibilities, and "You've Got to Hide Your Love Away" includes a flute section. The North American release is a true soundtrack album, combining the first seven songs with instrumental music from the film. The omitted tracks are instead spread across the Capitol Records LPs Beatles VI, Rubber Soul and Yesterday and Today.

In the US, Help! marked the start of artistic recognition for the Beatles from mainstream critics, including comparisons to the European art music tradition. It was nominated in the category of Album of the Year at the 1966 Grammys Awards, marking the first time that a rock band had been recognised in this category. In 2000, it was voted 119th in the third edition of Colin Larkin's book All Time Top 1000 Albums. In 2020, it was ranked 266th on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the "500 Greatest Albums of All Time". In September 2013, after the British Phonographic Industry changed its sales award rules, Help! was certified platinum for recorded sales since 1994.[4]

Background

[edit]

In 1964, the Beatles appeared in their first feature film, A Hard Day's Night. Despite initial skepticism, reviews were near universal in their acclaim, elevating the Beatles' prestige as artists.[5] With the aim of making one film a year,[6] work began on a second Beatles picture for 1965 release. It would once again be directed by Richard Lester and produced by Walter Shenson, but written by Marc Behm and Charles Wood instead of Alun Owen.[7] It was given the working title Eight Arms to Hold You, one of Ringo Starr's "Ringoisms";[7] the name stuck until early April,[8] long enough to even appear on the US "Ticket to Ride" single,[9] but John Lennon and Paul McCartney presumed it would be too difficult to write a compelling song with that title, so Help! was chosen instead.[10]

According to McCartney, most of the songwriting for Help! was done at Kenwood, Lennon's house in Weybridge.[11] McCartney also wrote some songs, e.g. "Yesterday" and "I've Just Seen a Face", at his girlfriend Jane Asher's family home, 57 Wimpole Street in London.[12] At this time, the Beatles were heavily influenced by Bob Dylan, especially Lennon, who later referred to it as his "Dylan period". Mark Hertsgaard writes that while Dylan's influence was "evident" on Beatles for Sale, Help! is where it became "fully realized".[13] Additionally, Help! is the first Beatles album on which drugs made a significant impact.[14] Dylan in 1964 had introduced them to cannabis,[15] which they smoked habitually while filming Help!,[16] and they first encountered LSD in spring 1965.[17] According to Alexis Petridis, drugs motivated the Beatles on Help! to take their songwriting to "new emotional depths", such as on "You've Got to Hide Your Love Away" and "Ticket to Ride".[14]

Recording and production

[edit]

Recording history

[edit]

Following their Christmas 1964 shows, the Beatles took a month's break before beginning work on Help![18] All of the recording sessions took place in Studio Two of EMI Recording Studios (now Abbey Road Studios).[19] The first set of sessions began on 15 February with "Ticket to Ride" and continued through the 20th, after which the group flew to the Bahamas to begin filming. They took with them a tape of the 11 songs recorded so that Lester and Shenson could decide which ones to use in the film.[20]

Several songs recorded during these initial sessions were not included on the Help! album. Lennon's "Yes It Is" was relegated to the B-side of the "Ticket to Ride" single and a cover of Larry Williams' "Bad Boy" was put on the North American album Beatles VI.[21] Two Lennon–McCartney compositions were rejected for release altogether. The first was "If You've Got Trouble", originally written for Ringo Starr as his obligatory lead vocal for the album.[22] One take was attempted on 18 February before it was abandoned.[23] The other was "That Means a Lot", a song Ian MacDonald views as "an attempt by McCartney to rewrite Lennon's 'Ticket to Ride'".[24] Two versions were attempted, one on 20 February and a "re-make" on 30 March,[25] but it was ultimately given to a friend of the band, singer P. J. Proby, to record. Proby's version was released as a single and reached number 30 on the UK chart.[26][27] Both "If You've Got Trouble" and take 1 of "That Means a Lot" were eventually released on Anthology 2 in 1996, along with other outtakes from the Help! sessions.[28] Additionally, the last song recorded in this time was "Wait", which would not be released until the Beatles' next album, Rubber Soul.[29]

According to Mark Lewisohn, 14 June 1965 saw "[a] remarkable day's work" and showcased McCartney's musical abilities in varying styles; the Beatles recorded his songs "I've Just Seen a Face", "I'm Down", and "Yesterday".[30] "Yesterday" began with just McCartney singing and playing acoustic guitar, but he and producer George Martin decided to add a string quartet.[30] Martin later described it as when, "I started to leave my hallmark on [the Beatles'] music, when a style started to emerge which was partly of my making."[31] "I'm Down" was released as the B-side of "Help!" but not included on the album.[32]

Innovations and techniques

[edit]

We still haven't made the sort of sound we want to, and we don't even know what we're after.[33]

– John Lennon during the recording of Help!

Lewisohn writes that 1965 introduced the part of the Beatles' career where they put less focus on live performances and took "a more serious application in the recording studio."[34] He identifies multiple new recording practices used on Help!, one being "to rehearse songs with a tape machine running, spooling back to record properly over the rehearsed material."[34] Another involved adding numerous overdubs to rhythm tracks without considering them as comprising new takes; because of this, many songs on Help! are documented as having needed only a small number of takes, yet they still required hours of work.[34] Martin also began placing the guitar parts on different tracks than the bass and drums, accomplishing "a more satisfying stereo image" according to Walter Everett.[33]

According to Hertsgaard, Help! showed "a major acceleration in the Beatles' ongoing search for fresh sounds."[35] He points out that half of the songs feature instruments the Beatles had never used before, including electric piano, flutes, a volume/tone pedal, and most famously "Yesterday"'s strings.[36] Help! is also the first Beatles album to feature the Epiphone Casino, first purchased by McCartney around December 1964 before quickly becoming a staple of the group's instrumentation.[37] Prior to the recording of "Yesterday", the flutes on "You've Got to Hide Your Love Away" were played by John Scott, only the second outside musician to appear on a Beatles track (after Andy White).[22]

Songs

[edit]

Side one

[edit]

The song "Help!" was written primarily by Lennon. He originally conceived it at a slower tempo and regretted speeding it up to make it more commercial.[38] Although it was only written out of need for a titular song,[39] Lennon remained extremely proud of "Help!" from the Beatles' break-up to his death,[40] even once calling it his favorite Beatles song he wrote.[41] He felt it was one of his "real" songs,[42] explaining in an interview: "The whole Beatle thing was just beyond comprehension. I was eating and drinking like a pig and I was fat as a pig, dissatisfied with myself ... later, I knew I was really crying out for help. So it was my fat Elvis period."[43]

McCartney's "The Night Before" is the first Beatles song to feature electric piano, played by Lennon.[44] McCartney and George Harrison played the guitar solo together, doubling each other in octaves.[45]

Lennon specified "You've Got to Hide Your Love Away" as exemplifying his "Dylan period".[46] A connection has been suggested between the lyric and Beatles manager Brian Epstein's homosexuality, which he kept private due to British law at the time.[47]

"I Need You" was George Harrison's first songwriting contribution since "Don't Bother Me" in 1963.[48] He wrote it for his girlfriend Pattie Boyd, whom he met while filming A Hard Day's Night.[49] Its unusual guitar sound was achieved using a volume/tone pedal[50] – the first time a guitar pedal was used on a Beatles song.[34] A year after Harrison's death in 2001, Tom Petty sang it at the Concert for George.[51]

McCartney wrote "Another Girl" while holidaying at a villa in Hammamet, Tunisia.[52] He played lead guitar on the track as Harrison was struggling with it.[53]

"You're Going to Lose That Girl" was written by Lennon and McCartney together, though McCartney credited it 60–40 to Lennon.[54] Some have interpreted it as a continuation of "She Loves You" due to it revisiting the theme of a love triangle.[55]

"Ticket to Ride" was another song Lennon and McCartney wrote together,[56] but they later disagreed on how much each of them contributed. Lennon said in 1980, "Paul's contribution was the way Ringo played the drums."[46] In Many Years From Now, McCartney responded: "John just didn't take the time to explain that we sat down together and worked on that song for a three-hour songwriting session, and at the end of it we had all the words, we had the harmonies, and we had all the little bits. ... We wrote the melody together ... Because John sang it, you might have to give him 60 per cent of it."[57]

The meaning of the phrase "ticket to ride" has been debated. As was rumored at the time, it was partially inspired by the town Ryde in the Isle of Wight, where McCartney's cousin owned a pub that he and Lennon had performed at in the early 1960s.[58] Another story goes that Lennon used "ticket to ride" to refer to cards given to prostitutes in Hamburg by health authorities.[59] Lennon touted the song as "one of the earliest heavy metal records made."[46]

Side two

[edit]

"Act Naturally", written by Johnny Russell and first recorded by Buck Owens in 1963,[60] was chosen by Ringo Starr to be his vocal contribution to the album.[61] Recorded at the end of the Help! sessions,[29] it was the last-recorded cover song the Beatles would officially release until "Maggie Mae" in 1970.[62] In 1989, Owens and Starr recorded another version together.[63]

"It's Only Love" was originally written by Lennon under the title "That's a Nice Hat (Cap)". Five guitar layers were used on the track,[64] including Harrison's which was run through a Leslie speaker.[64] Lennon was highly critical of the song in later years: "That's the one song I really hate of mine. Terrible lyric."[65]

"You Like Me Too Much" began the precedent of Harrison providing two or more songs to each Beatles album.[66] It once again features Lennon on electric piano, but also George Martin and McCartney on a Steinway grand piano.[67]

For "Tell Me What You See", McCartney drew inspiration for his lyrics from a religious verse that hung on a wall in Lennon's childhood home.[68] McCartney later described it as a filler song, "Not awfully memorable."[69]

McCartney wrote "I've Just Seen a Face" at the home of his girlfriend Jane Asher's family, at 57 Wimpole Street in London.[70] It would become one of McCartney's favorite Beatles songs and among the only ones he would perform with his later band Wings.[69]

The album's penultimate track, "Yesterday", came partially to McCartney in his sleep. He spent about a month playing it to people to make sure he had not plagiarised it. He then wrote working lyrics for it under the title "Scrambled Eggs".[71] "Yesterday" was later recognized by Guinness World Records as the most-covered pop song in history.[72]

The album ends with a cover of Larry Williams' "Dizzy Miss Lizzy". Lennon in particular was a fan of Williams and, along with "Bad Boy", the Beatles also recorded his song "Slow Down".[73]

Album cover

[edit]

H
E
L
P

N
U
J
V

N
V
U
J

The album cover shows the Beatles with their arms positioned to spell out a word in flag semaphore. According to cover photographer Robert Freeman, "I had the idea of semaphore spelling out the letters 'HELP'. But when we came to do the shot, the arrangement of the arms with those letters didn't look good. So we decided to improvise and ended up with the best graphic positioning of the arms."[74]

On the UK Parlophone release, the letters formed by the Beatles appear to be "NUJV", whilst the slightly re-arranged US release on Capitol Records appeared to indicate the letters "NVUJ", with McCartney's left hand pointing to the Capitol logo.[75] The Capitol LP was issued in a "deluxe" gatefold sleeve with several photos from the film and was priced $1 more than standard Capitol releases at the time.[citation needed]

Compact disc release

[edit]

There have been four CD releases of Help!. The first was on 30 April 1987, using the 14-song UK track line-up. Having been available only as an import in the US in the past, the original 14-track UK version replaced the original US version with its release on LP and cassette as well on 21 July 1987. As with the CD release of the 1965 Rubber Soul album, the Help! CD featured a contemporary stereo digital remix of the album prepared by Martin in 1986. Martin had expressed concern to EMI over the original 1965 stereo mix, claiming it sounded "very woolly, and not at all what I thought should be a good issue". Martin went back to the original four-track tapes and remixed them for stereo.[76] One of the most notable changes is the echo added to "Dizzy Miss Lizzy", something that was not evident on the original mix of the LP.

When the album was originally released on CD in Canada, pressings were imported from other countries, and used the 1987 remix. However, when the Disque Améric and Cinram plants in Canada started pressing the album, the original 1965 stereo mix was used by mistake. This was the only source for the 1965 stereo mix in its entirety until the release of the mono box set in 2009.[77]

The 2009 remastered stereo CD was released on 9 September. It was "created from the original stereo digital master tapes from Martin's CD mixes made in 1986".[78] The original 1965 stereo mix was included as a bonus on the mono CD contained in The Beatles in Mono boxed set.

The 1965 stereo mix was reissued again on the Help! CD contained in the Beatles collection The Japan Box released in 2014.

Critical reception

[edit]

Contemporary reviews

[edit]

Help! was another worldwide critical success for the Beatles.[79] Derek Johnson of the NME said that the LP "maintains the Beatles' usual high standards" and was a "gay, infectious romp which doesn't let up in pace or sparkle from start to finish – with the exception of one slow track".[80][81] Despite the band's introduction of new instrumentation into their sound, particularly a string quartet on "Yesterday", the reviewer also wrote of the album: "It's typical Beatles material, and offers very few surprises. But then, who wants surprises from the Beatles?" While typical of the light and snappy pop music reviews at the time, according to music journalist Michael Halpin, these comments angered McCartney, who, like his bandmates, believed that artists should constantly develop through their work.[79]

In the United States, where the mainstream press had long focused on the Beatlemania phenomenon and had derided the group's music, as well as rock 'n' roll generally, the summer of 1965 coincided with the first examples of artistic recognition for the Beatles from the country's cultural mainstream.[82] Among these endorsements, Richard Freed of The New York Times likened the band's songs to works from the European art music tradition. Adding to what he described as the Beatles' impact on "serious music", Freed cited musicologists and composers such as Leonard Bernstein and Abram Chasins as admirers of the group's work.[83] Along with several nominations for "Yesterday",[84] Help! was nominated in the category of Album of the Year at the 1966 Grammys Awards. The nomination marked the first time that a rock band had been recognised in this category.[85]

Retrospective assessments

[edit]
Professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic[86]
The A.V. ClubA[87]
Chicago Sun-Times[88]
Consequence of SoundB[89]
The Daily Telegraph[90]
Encyclopedia of Popular Music[91]
MusicHound3.5/5[92]
Paste100/100[93]
Pitchfork9.2/10[94]
The Rolling Stone Album Guide[95]

In his review of the Beatles' 1987 CD releases, for Rolling Stone magazine, Steve Pond remarked on the "unstoppable momentum" evident in the band's pre-Rubber Soul albums and recommended Help! "for the relatively quiet and understated way in which they consolidated their strengths".[96] Writing in 2004 edition of The Rolling Stone Album Guide, Rob Sheffield says that the US version of Help! was "utterly ruined" through the replacement of the Beatles songs with the soundtrack music, and that, as a result, the album remained relatively overlooked. He describes the full album as "a big step forward" and "the first chapter in the astounding creative takeoff the Beatles were just beginning".[97]

Mark Kemp of Paste considers it to be the equal of A Hard Day's Night and cites "Help!", "Ticket to Ride" and "Act Naturally" as highlights, along with Harrison's return as a songwriter. Kemp identifies "Yesterday" as "the album's masterpiece" and a song that "set the stage for one of the most groundbreaking and innovative periods in The Beatles' career, not to mention pop music in general".[93] Neil McCormick of The Daily Telegraph says that the album evokes "a band in transition, shifting slightly uncomfortably from the pop thrills of Beatlemania to something more mature", with Lennon's writing increasingly autobiographical and the group's sound growing more sophisticated. McCormick concludes: "Help! may not be their greatest album, but it contains some of their greatest early songs."[90]

In 2000, Help! was voted 119th in the third edition of Colin Larkin's book All Time Top 1000 Albums.[98] In 2006, it was recognised as one of the "Most Significant Rock Albums" in the Greenwood Encyclopedia of Rock History. Two years before then, Tor Milde, music critic for the Norwegian newspaper Verdens Gang, ranked it at number 20 on his list of "The 100 Best Pop and Rock Albums of All Time".[citation needed] In 2003, Rolling Stone ranked Help! number 332 on their list of the "500 Greatest Albums of All Time", raising the ranking to number 331 in the 2012 update and then number 266 in the 2020 list.[99][100][101]

Track listing

[edit]

All tracks are written by Lennon–McCartney, except where noted

Side one
No.TitleLead vocalsLength
1."Help!"Lennon2:18
2."The Night Before"McCartney2:34
3."You've Got to Hide Your Love Away"Lennon2:09
4."I Need You" (George Harrison)Harrison2:28
5."Another Girl"McCartney2:05
6."You're Going to Lose That Girl"Lennon2:18
7."Ticket to Ride"Lennon3:09
Total length:17:01
Side two
No.TitleLead vocalsLength
1."Act Naturally" (Morrison–Russell)Starr2:30
2."It's Only Love"Lennon1:56
3."You Like Me Too Much" (Harrison)Harrison2:36
4."Tell Me What You See"McCartney2:37
5."I've Just Seen a Face"McCartney2:05
6."Yesterday"McCartney2:05
7."Dizzy Miss Lizzy" (Larry Williams)Lennon2:54
Total length:16:43

North American Capitol release

[edit]
Help!
Soundtrack album by
the Beatles and Ken Thorne
Released13 August 1965[102]
Recorded15 February – 17 June 1965
StudioEMI, London
Genre
Length29:34
LabelCapitol
ProducerGeorge Martin, Dave Dexter, Jr.[103]
The Beatles North American chronology
Beatles VI
(1965) 		Help!
(1965) 		Rubber Soul
(1965)
Singles from Help!
  1. "Ticket to Ride"
    Released: 19 April 1965
  2. "Help!"
    Released: 19 July 1965[102]

The North American version, the band's eighth Capitol Records album and tenth overall, includes the songs in the film plus selections from the film's orchestral score composed and conducted by Ken Thorne, which contains one of the first uses of the Indian sitar on a rock/pop album, and its very first use on a Beatles record. "Ticket to Ride" is the only song on the American release in Duophonic stereo (also known as "fake stereo") reprocessed from the mono mix. Likewise, the mono version of the album uses a folded-down stereo mix of "Help!" instead of the true mono version used on the single, which features a different vocal track. Help! is available on CD as part of The Capitol Albums, Volume 2 box set. This CD contains both the stereo and mono fold-down versions as heard on the American LP release. A second CD release of this album, which contains the seven songs in true mono mixes, was issued in 2014 individually and as part of the Beatles' The U.S. Albums box set.

All of the non-film tracks from side two of the Parlophone album were spread out through three American albums. Three were already issued on the previously released Beatles VI: "You Like Me Too Much", "Tell Me What You See" and "Dizzy Miss Lizzy". "I've Just Seen A Face" and "It's Only Love" were placed on the Capitol Rubber Soul, with its follow-up album Yesterday and Today receiving the remaining two tracks: "Yesterday" and "Act Naturally".

The American version of Help! reached the number one spot on the Billboard Top LPs chart for nine weeks starting on 11 September 1965.

Track listing

[edit]

All tracks are written by Lennon–McCartney, except where noted

Side one
No.TitleLead vocalsLength
1."Help!" (preceded by an uncredited instrumental intro based on the "James Bond Theme")Lennon2:39
2."The Night Before"McCartney2:36
3."From Me to You Fantasy" (Lennon–McCartney; arranged by Thorne)instrumental2:08
4."You've Got to Hide Your Love Away"Lennon2:12
5."I Need You" (Harrison)Harrison2:31
6."In the Tyrol" (Ken Thorne)instrumental2:26
Total length:14:32
Side two
No.TitleLead vocalsLength
1."Another Girl"McCartney2:08
2."Another Hard Day's Night" (Lennon–McCartney; arranged by Thorne)instrumental2:31
3."Ticket to Ride"Lennon3:07
4."The Bitter End/You Can't Do That" (Ken Thorne/Lennon–McCartney; arranged by Thorne)instrumental2:26
5."You're Gonna Lose That Girl"Lennon2:19
6."The Chase" (Ken Thorne)instrumental2:31
Total length:15:02

Charts

[edit]

Certifications and sales

[edit]

In the US, the album sold 1,314,457 copies by 31 December 1965 and 1,594,032 copies by the end of the decade.[122]

Original release
Region Certification Certified units/sales
Argentina (CAPIF)[123] Platinum 60,000^
Australia (ARIA)[124] Gold 35,000^
Brazil — 320,000[125]
Germany — 100,000[126]
Italy (FIMI)[127]
sales since 2009 		Gold 25,000‡
United Kingdom (BPI)[128]
sales since 1994 		Platinum 300,000*

* Sales figures based on certification alone.
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

North American release
Region Certification Certified units/sales
Canada (Music Canada)[129] 2× Platinum 200,000^
United States (RIAA)[130] 3× Platinum 3,000,000^

^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.

Personnel

[edit]

According to Mark Lewisohn[131][132] and Alan W. Pollack.[133]

The Beatles

  • John Lennon – lead, harmony and background vocals; rhythm and acoustic guitars; electric piano, organ on "Dizzy Miss Lizzy"; tambourine on "Tell Me What You See"; snare drum on "I Need You"
  • Paul McCartney – lead, harmony and background vocals; bass, acoustic and lead guitars; piano, electric piano
  • George Harrison – harmony and background vocals; lead, acoustic and rhythm guitars; lead vocals on "I Need You" and "You Like Me Too Much"; güiro on "Tell Me What You See"
  • Ringo Starr – drums and miscellaneous percussion; claves on "Tell Me What You See"; lead vocals on "Act Naturally"

Additional musicians

Surround versions

[edit]

The songs included in the soundtrack of the film Help! (tracks 1–7) were mixed into 5.1 surround sound for the film's 2007 DVD release.

Release history

[edit]
Country Date Label Format Catalog
United Kingdom 6 August 1965 Parlophone mono LP PMC 1255
stereo LP PCS 3071
United States 13 August 1965 Capitol mono LP MAS 2386
stereo LP SMAS 2386
Worldwide reissue 15 April 1987 Apple, Parlophone, EMI Compact Disc CDP 7 46439 2
United States 21 July 1987 Capitol stereo LP CLJ 46439
Japan 11 March 1998 Toshiba-EMI CD TOCP 51115
Japan 21 January 2004 Toshiba-EMI Remastered LP TOJP 60135
Worldwide reissue 11 April 2006 Apple/Capitol/EMI CD reissue of US LP CDP 0946 3 57500 2 7
Worldwide reissue 9 September 2009 Apple/Capitol/EMI CD stereo remaster CDP 0946 3 82415 2 2

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Spignesi, Stephen J.; Lewis, Michael (2004). Here, There, and Everywhere: The 100 Best Beatles Songs. New York, NY NY: Black Dog. ISBN 978-1-57912-369-7. the unabashed more-or-less traditional pop rock of A Hard Day's Night and Help!...
  2. ^ O’Toole, Kit (10 January 2020). "Positively Bob Dylan: The Beatles and the Folk Movement". Chapter 19 - Positively Bob Dylan: The Beatles and the Folk Movement. Cambridge University Press. pp. 196–205. doi:10.1017/9781108296939.021. ISBN 9781108296939. S2CID 214008257.
  3. ^ "Most Recorded Song". Guinness World Records. Archived from the original on 10 September 2006.
  4. ^ "Beatles albums finally go platinum". BBC News. Archived from the original on 10 April 2014. Retrieved 4 September 2013.
  5. ^ Gould 2007, pp. 244–245.
  6. ^ Davies 2006, p. 253.
  7. ^ a b Neaverson 1997, p. 31.
  8. ^ Miles 1997, p. 199.
  9. ^ Harry 1992, p. 651.
  10. ^ Lewisohn 1992, p. 189.
  11. ^ The Beatles 2000, p. 171; Coleman 1995, p. 721: "[Lennon's] mansion, Kenwood ... at Weybridge, Surrey."
  12. ^ Miles 1997, pp. 105, 194–195, 200–201.
  13. ^ Hertsgaard 1995, p. 116, 127.
  14. ^ a b Petridis 2004, p. 176.
  15. ^ Miles 2001, p. 165.
  16. ^ The Beatles 2000, p. 167.
  17. ^ Gould 2007, p. 316.
  18. ^ MacDonald 2007, p. 142.
  19. ^ Lewisohn 1988, pp. 54–60.
  20. ^ Lewisohn 1988, pp. 54–56.
  21. ^ Lewisohn 1988, pp. 54, 58.
  22. ^ a b Lewisohn 1988, p. 55.
  23. ^ MacDonald 2007, p. 149.
  24. ^ MacDonald 2007, p. 151.
  25. ^ Lewisohn 1988, pp. 56–57.
  26. ^ Miles 1997, p. 182.
  27. ^ "That Means a Lot by P. J. Proby". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 23 June 2024.
  28. ^ Anthology 2 (liner notes). The Beatles. Apple Records. 1996. 7243 8 34448 2 3.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  29. ^ a b Lewisohn 1988, p. 60.
  30. ^ a b Lewisohn 1988, p. 59.
  31. ^ Hertsgaard 1995, p. 168.
  32. ^ MacDonald 2007, p. 156.
  33. ^ a b Everett 2001, p. 281.
  34. ^ a b c d Lewisohn 1988, p. 54.
  35. ^ Hertsgaard 1995, p. 128.
  36. ^ Hertsgaard 1995, p. 128; Everett 2001, p. 281: "volume/tone pedal".
  37. ^ Everett 2001, p. 282.
  38. ^ MacDonald 2007, pp. 152–153.
  39. ^ Lewisohn 1992, p. 189; Sheff 2000, p. 177.
  40. ^ Turner 1994, p. 74; Turner 2015, p. 106.
  41. ^ Pang 1983, p. 223.
  42. ^ Turner 2015, p. 106.
  43. ^ Sheff 2000, pp. 176–177.
  44. ^ Guesdon & Margotin 2013, p. 226.
  45. ^ Everett 2001, p. 286.
  46. ^ a b c Sheff 2000, p. 196.
  47. ^ Turner 2015, p. 109; MacDonald 2007, p. 149.
  48. ^ Gould 2007, p. 266.
  49. ^ MacDonald 2007, p. 145; Turner 2015, p. 110.
  50. ^ Everett 2001, p. 285.
  51. ^ Turner 2015, p. 110.
  52. ^ Miles 1997, p. 194.
  53. ^ Guesdon & Margotin 2013, p. 232.
  54. ^ Miles 1997, p. 195.
  55. ^ Gould 2007, p. 267; Turner 2015, p. 113.
  56. ^ Turner 2015, p. 114.
  57. ^ Miles 1997, p. 193.
  58. ^ Miles 1997, p. 193; Guesdon & Margotin 2013, p. 236.
  59. ^ Turner 2015, p. 114; Guesdon & Margotin 2013, p. 236.
  60. ^ Sisk 2010, pp. 55–56.
  61. ^ Everett 2001, p. 304.
  62. ^ MacDonald 2007, p. 160.
  63. ^ Harry 2004, p. 8.
  64. ^ a b MacDonald 2007, p. 159.
  65. ^ Guesdon & Margotin 2013, p. 242.
  66. ^ Guesdon & Margotin 2013, p. 244.
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