Hongdae (area)

Hongdae
Korean transcription(s)
• Hangul	홍대
• Hanja	弘大
• Revised Romanization	Hongdae
• McCune–Reischauer	Hongdae
Hongdae Street
Hongdae
Coordinates: 37°33′19″N 126°55′24″E / 37.55528°N 126.92333°E / 37.55528; 126.92333
Country	South Korea
City	Seoul
District	Mapo District

Hongdae (Korean: 홍대) is a neighborhood in Seoul, South Korea, near Hongik University ("Hongik Daehakgyo" in Korean), after which it is named.^[1] It is known for its urban arts and indie music culture, local shops, clubs, cafés and entertainment. The area is located in Mapo District in the western end of Seoul, stretching from Seogyo-dong, Hapjeong-dong & Seogang-dong.

Under the influence of Hongik University (Hongdae), a prestigious private university known for its Fine Arts Program, the neighborhood was built on a foundation of artistic souls since the 1990s. In the early days, thanks to then-cheap rent, budget musicians and street artists started moving into the ateliers of the Hongdae area. In the true sense of the word, the Korean indie scene started from the two bands, Sister's Barbershop and Crying Nut at Hongdae in the mid-1990s. Before that many cover bands were playing near Sinchon and Idae. Later, other bands like Jaurim, Peppertones and Idiotape started to play at venues in Hongdae, and the area begins to have a reputation as the mecca of urban arts and underground club culture.^[2] Now the area provides street art festivals and performances, as well as music concerts by independent artists and mainstream entertainers.

Many come to Hongdae for its aesthetically unique characteristics. There are many graffiti murals painted all over the streets of Hongdae. One of the well known areas for these murals is Hongdae Mural Street (also known as 'Picasso's Street').^[3]

Like other multi-cultural metropolitan areas, this street is undergoing gentrification. However, despite the recent explosion of upmarket brand shops that pushes artists to move toward the southern area near Hapjeong Station, the street still enjoys a reputation as the city's prime spot for indie musicians. Many live music venues and festivals draw revelers from a wide range of visitors.^[4][5] YG Entertainment, the major K-pop agency is also located near the street.^[6]

Source:^[7]

Hongdae has become an area known for its diversity and indie art culture which include independent clothing stalls, vintage shops, art studios, trendy cafés and clubs.^[8] Additionally it has become home to dancers, musicians and even aspiring independent K-Pop groups who perform through what is known as Busking or Street Performing. Busking helps performers improve their skills, get exposure and even make a little money with their performances.^[9] In 2016, Hongdae was ranked one of the coolest neighborhoods in the world.^[10]

Hongdae is also known colloquially as one the top places to go clubbing in Seoul. The Hongdae clubbing scene can be traced back to the 1990s and originated from studio cafés and bars in the late 1980s; it has since evolved into a diverse culture of its own. Clubs have become an important place for people to gather and share music, dance, as well as to communicate with one another. These clubs have also created a space for numerous aspiring DJs and musicians to perform in as well as provide a wide range of music genres for visitors to enjoy such as dance, techno, rock and hip-hop. Though many clubs are open to anyone over 19 years of age, there are some clubs who still strictly enforce unwritten rules such as dress codes and banning of foreigners.^[11]

In the late 1990s this artistic culture extended into the creation of trendy cafés, which have now evolved into the famous themed café culture known to be found in Korea today. Some popular cafés include the 943 King's Cross Café, which is Harry Potter themed,^[12] animal cafes, where patrons can visit and play with various animals such as cats, dogs, and even sheep.^[13] Character cafés are also quite common and include characters such as Sanrio's Cinnamoroll as well as Line Friends cafés and Kakao Friends cafés.

Hongdae is also home to many street foods and food vendors. Foods offered range from tteokbokki and rice cake skewers to hotteok and skewers sugar coated fruit.

Hongdae is famous for various Korean beauty products. In Hongdae, there is Etude House and tonymoly, a popular cosmetics brand in Korea, And there are various color lens brands.(lensvery, lenssis korea hongdae etc.) It consists mainly of stores of products used by teenagers and young people in their 20s in Korea,

Zandari Festa^[14] is named after 'Zandari', an old name for the Hongdae area. 'Zandari' implies small bridge, and the festival's ambition is also to be a bridge between the artists and audiences around the local indie music scene. Every Fall, it is held over 3 days in the pre-scheduled hosting live clubs. The festival encourages bands to invite themselves, artists are also encouraged to take part in planning and promoting the shows they play in.

Since March 2001, 'Club Day' started as a wristband-powered event which allows entry to more than a dozen clubs for the price of one. After 2007, 'Sound Day' also launched together with the indie music concert venues. During 2008 through early 2009 they were suspend due to high levels of violence and disturbances by US Army soldiers and underage individuals. They reopened again but came to close soon in January 2011 (as the 117th Club Day), mainly due to the dispute over the distribution of profits between popular live/dance clubs and other budget ones.

After a four-year break, in January 2015, six live clubs established the 'Live Club Cooperative' and with other clubs, they resumed the 'Live Club Day' on 27 February.^[15] The 'Live Club Day' is held on the last Friday of every month. The ticket system is the same as before, one can get access to multiple clubs for a variety of genres including rock, jazz, hip hop and electronic with one ticket.

During early 1990s, students from the College of Fine Arts at Hongik University began to decorate the streets, walls, and roads around the college. Their efforts were soon joined by many artists from across the country and the first 'Street Art Festival' was held in 1993.^[16] Every year, students of Hongik University and neighbor artists join to produce diversity of visual arts on Hongdae streets like graffiti wall painting, installation arts and performances.

'Hongdaeap Artmarket Freemarket'^[17] is held on 'Hongdae Playground', that is in front of the main gate of Hongik University. It holds on weekends, from March to November at 13:00 to 18:00 by the host of the nonprofit organization 'Living and Art Creative Center (일상예술창작센터)'^[18] since 2002. The flea markets are called "Free Market" on Saturdays and "Hope Market" on Sundays. They are fledgling craft markets of things made by students and street artists.^[19][20][21] Other culture markets have been influenced by this original playground Freemarket and open randomly around the Hongdae area.

The area is served by subway via Hongik University station (, and ), Hapjeong station ( and ), and Sangsu station (). Also, various Seoul bus lines reach the street, as well as the presence of many taxis.

Hongdae area is widely used for filming location of domestic television dramas and movies, which include :

• 2007, MBC's Coffee Prince'^[22][23]
• 2010, KBS's Mary Stayed Out All Night
• 2011, tvN's Flower Boy Ramyun Shop.^[24]
• 2012, SBS's A Gentleman's Dignity.
• 2015, Belgian singer-songwriter Sioen made a song named "Hongdae".^[25]
• 2017, Mnet's reality show Fromis's Room
• 2018, JTBC's reality show Blackpink House
• 2021, 1theK's reality show Learn Way season 2, Episode 9

• 
  Main gate of the Hongik University
• 
  Independent clothing stalls on Eoulmadang-ro
• 
  Playground in the area (2012)
• 
  Shops on Wausan-ro 21-gil opposite Hongdae Playground

• Zandari Festa Official Homepage
• Live Club Day
• Hongdaeap Freemarket Official Homepage
• (in Korean) Street Art Exhibition