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Hotel Rwanda

From Wikipedia - Reading time: 25 min

Hotel Rwanda
Theatrical release poster
Directed byTerry George
Written by
Based onTrue story about the incident
Produced by
Starring
CinematographyRobert Fraisse
Edited byNaomi Geraghty
Music by
Production
companies
Distributed byMGM Distribution Co. (United States and Canada)
Entertainment Film Distributors (United Kingdom)[4]
Mikado Film (Italy)[4]
Lions Gate Films (International)
Release dates
  • 11 September 2004 (2004-09-11) (TIFF)
  • 22 December 2004 (2004-12-22) (United States)
  • 11 March 2005 (2005-03-11) (Italy)
Running time
121 minutes
Countries
  • United States
  • United Kingdom
  • South Africa
  • Italy
Languages
  • English
  • French
  • Kinyarwanda
Budget$17.5 million[2]
Box office$33.9 million[4]

Hotel Rwanda is a 2004 docudrama film co-written and directed by Terry George. It was adapted from a screenplay by George and Keir Pearson, and stars Don Cheadle and Sophie Okonedo as hotelier Paul Rusesabagina and his wife Tatiana. Based on the Rwandan genocide, which occurred during the spring of 1994, the film documents Rusesabagina's efforts to save the lives of his family and more than 1,000 other refugees by providing them with shelter in the besieged Hôtel des Mille Collines.[5] Hotel Rwanda explores genocide, political corruption, and the repercussions of violence.

The film was a co-production between United Artists and Lions Gate Films, and was commercially distributed by United Artists theatrically and by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer for home media. Hotel Rwanda premiered in theaters in limited release in the United States on 22 December 2004 and in wide release on 4 February 2005, grossing more than $23 million in domestic ticket sales. It earned an additional $10 million in business through international release to top out at a combined total of nearly $34 million in gross revenue.

The film was nominated for multiple awards, including Academy Award nominations for Best Actor (Cheadle), Best Supporting Actress (Okonedo), and Best Original Screenplay.

Plot

[edit]

In April 1994, tensions between the Hutu-controlled government and Tutsi rebels led to genocide in Rwanda, where corruption and bribes between politicians were routine. Paul Rusesabagina, manager of the Belgian-owned Hôtel des Mille Collines, is Hutu, but his wife Tatiana is Tutsi. Their marriage is a source of friction with Hutu extremists, including Georges Rutaganda, a goods supplier to the hotel who is also the local leader of Interahamwe, a brutal Hutu militia. Paul curries favor with Rwandan Army general Augustin Bizimungu, who favors the Hutu. Following the assassination of the president, a Hutu, Paul and his family observe neighbors being killed, initiating the early stages of the genocide. When civil war erupts and a Rwandan Army Captain threatens Paul and his neighbors, Paul barely negotiates their safety and brings them to the hotel. Upon returning with them, he finds his insolent receptionist Gregoire occupying the presidential suite and threatening to expose the Tutsi refugees, including Paul's wife, if he is made to work.

The UN peacekeeping forces, led by Canadian Colonel Oliver, are forbidden to intervene in the conflict and prevent the genocide. Paul's boss and owner of the hotel, who lives in Belgium, apologizes to him over the phone, saying there's nothing he can do to provide safe passage for him and his family. The foreign nationals are evacuated, but the Rwandans are left behind to fend for themselves. More evacuees arrive at the hotel from the overburdened United Nations refugee camp, the Red Cross, and various orphanages, totaling 800, both Tutsi and Hutu. Tatiana desperately searches for her brother, sister-in-law, and two nieces. As the situation becomes more violent, Paul must divert the Hutu soldiers, care for the refugees, protect his family, and maintain the appearance of a functioning 4-star hotel. Paul forces Gregoire to work with the help of General Bizimungu.

Low on supplies, Paul and Gregoire drive to collect hotel supplies from Georges Rutaganda and witness the Interahamwe militia raping Tutsi hostages. Georges explains to Paul that the "rich cockroaches" money will become worthless since all of the Tutsis will be killed. Paul expresses disbelief that the Hutu extremists will wipe out all of the Tutsis, but Georges replies: "Why not? We are halfway there already." They return to the hotel through the dark, thick fog, on the riverside road recommended by Georges, only to find it is carpeted with dead bodies.

When the UN forces attempt to evacuate a group of refugees, including Paul's family, Gregoire betrays them to the Interahamwe, who use radio broadcasts to accost them. After giving General Bizimungu the remaining valuables and Scotch from his office safe to protect the refugees, Paul then admonishes Bizimungu for genocide apathy and promises to testify on his behalf for his help. Soon afterward, Paul's family and the hotel refugees are finally able to leave the besieged hotel in a UN convoy. They travel through retreating masses of refugees and militia to reach safety behind Tutsi rebel lines and are reunited with their nieces.

The end title cards explain that Paul saved at least 1,200 Tutsi and Hutu refugees. He and his family, who adopted the two nieces, moved to Belgium, but Tatiana's brother Thomas and his wife were never found. The genocide came to an end in July 1994 when the Tutsi rebels drove the Hutu and the Interahamwe militia across the border into the Congo. At least 800,000 people died in the genocide. Georges and Bizimungu were tried and sentenced for war crimes, with Georges receiving a life sentence.

Cast

[edit]
Actor Don Cheadle (L) portrayed Rwandan hotelier Paul Rusesabagina (R)

Production and historical accuracy

[edit]

In 1999, Rusesabagina received a phone call from an American screenwriter named Keir Pearson.[6] Pearson, along with his colleague Terry George, went on to write the script for Hotel Rwanda in consultation with Rusesabagina. The script was made into a Hollywood film, starring Don Cheadle as Rusesabagina. The film was released in 2004 to much critical acclaim. It received three Academy Award nominations, including for Best Original Screenplay and Best Actor for Don Cheadle's portrayal of Rusesabagina.[7] Sharing his thoughts about the lack of international intervention during the crisis, director Terry George commented, "It's simple ... African lives are not seen as valuable as the lives of Europeans or Americans."[8]

Rusesabagina has since come under criticism from some survivors of the Genocide. In 2008, the book Hotel Rwanda, or, the Tutsi Genocide as seen by Hollywood by Alfred Ndahiro, who was a former advisor to Paul Kagame, and journalist Privat Rutazibwa, was published.[9] The authors conducted interviews with 74 people who had stayed in the Hotel during the Genocide. Inside the Hotel Rwanda: The Surprising True Story … And Why it Matters Today, co-written by Hotel des Mille Collines Survivor Edouard Kayihura and American author Kerry Zukus, was published in 2011.[10]

The books include allegations that during the Genocide, Rusesabagina extorted money from hotel guests for rooms and food.[11] It was also reported that the UN headquarters in Kigali received information that Rusesabagina had provided a Rwandan army commander with a list of hotel guests and their room numbers. UN observers managed to change the room numbers of those most threatened.[11] The character of the Canadian Colonel is based on Senator Roméo Dallaire, now retired Lieutenant-General from the Canadian Armed Forces. Dallaire was not pleased with the film's portrayal of the events that he witnessed, arguing he and his men did far more to help survivors.[12][13] He recounted his own experiences in his biography, Shake Hands with the Devil. The book was later adapted into two feature films; a documentary, and a 2007 dramatic motion picture.

In response to critics, Odette Nyiramilimo, a prominent survivor who became a senator in the new government, pushed back against Paul Ruseabagina's suspected bad-faith intentions, saying: "I never saw him threaten to expel people from the hotel if they didn’t pay up — never."[14]

George stated that it was important to craft the film for a mass-market audience, using the question of whether the film is "going to play in Peoria? Will it be understood? Is it mainstream enough?"[15]

Filming

[edit]

Principal filming was shot on location in Kigali, Rwanda, and Johannesburg, South Africa.[16] Paul Rusesabagina was consulted during the writing of the film. Although the character of Colonel Oliver played by Nolte is fictional in nature, the role was inspired by the UN force commander for UNAMIR, Roméo Dallaire.[17] Ugandan president Yoweri Museveni, then-Rwandan president Juvénal Habyarimana, and Rwandan Patriotic Front leader (now president) Paul Kagame appear in archive television footage in the film.

The producers of the film partnered with the United Nations Foundation to create the International Fund for Rwanda, which supported United Nations Development Programme initiatives assisting Rwandan survivors.[18] "The goal of the film is not only to engage audiences in this story of genocide but also to inspire them to help redress the terrible devastation," said George.[19]

Soundtrack

[edit]

The original motion picture soundtrack for Hotel Rwanda was released by the Commotion label on 11 January 2005. It features songs written by Wyclef Jean, Deborah Cox, and others. The music for the film was composed by Rupert Gregson-Williams, Andrea Guerra, and the Afro Celt Sound System, while being edited by Michael Connell.[20][21]

External audio
via
YouTube logo
audio icon Million Voices (2005) – Played throughout the movie and the credits.
audio icon Umqombothi – Played in the introduction of the movie
Hotel Rwanda: Music from the Film
Film score by
Afro Celt Sound System and Rupert Gregson-Williams
Released
  • 1 November 2005 (2005-11-01)
Length49:25
LabelCommotion
Hotel Rwanda: Music from the Film
No.TitleLength
1."Mama Ararira Pt. 1/Mama Ararira We!, Pt. 2"3:41
2."Mwali We!"1:09
3."Million Voices"4:23
4."Interahamwe Attack"2:48
5."Nobody Cares"4:12
6."Umqombothi (African Beer)"4:53
7."The Road to Exile"4:47
8."Whispered Song"3:06
9."Finale"3:02
10."Ambush"2:49
11."Ne Me Laisse Pas Seule Ici"3:33
12."Mwari Sigaramahoro"2:22
13."Olugendo Lw'e Bulaya"5:54
14."Children Found"1:57
15."Icyibo"0:49
Total length:49:25

Marketing

[edit]

Novel

[edit]

Hotelier Paul Rusesabagina's experience encouraged director George to produce the film. A paperback novel published by Newmarket Press, titled Hotel Rwanda: Bringing the True Story of an African Hero to Film, released on 7 February 2005, dramatizes the events of the Rwandan Genocide in 1994, as depicted in the film, and expands on the ideas of how Rusesabagina sheltered and saved more than 1,200 people in the hotel he managed in Kigali by summarizing three years of research, articles that chronicle the historical events, and the ensuing aftermath. A brief history and timeline, the making of the film, and the complete screenplay written by Keir Pearson and Terry George are covered in thorough detail.[22]

Release

[edit]

Home media

[edit]

Following its cinematic release in theaters, the film was released in VHS video format on 12 April 2005,[23] marking the final United Artists film released on the format. The Region 1 Code widescreen edition of the film was also released on DVD in the United States on 12 April 2005. Special features for the DVD include; "A Message for Peace: Making Hotel Rwanda" documentary, "Return to Rwanda" documentary, Selected scenes commentary by Don Cheadle, Audio commentary by director Terry George and the real-life subject of the film–Paul Rusesabagina, along with select commentary by musician Wyclef Jean.[24]

Supplementally, the Blu-ray Disc edition of the film, featuring special documentaries along with selected scenes and audio commentary, was released in the United States on 10 May 2011.[25] The film is available in other media formats such as video on demand as well.[26]

Reception

[edit]

Box office

[edit]

The film premiered in cinemas on 22 December 2004 in limited release throughout the US During its limited opening weekend, the film grossed $100,091 in business showing at seven locations. Its official wide release was screened in theaters on 4 February 2005.[4] Opening in a distant 14th place, the film earned $2,316,416 showing at 823 cinemas. The film Boogeyman beat its competition during that weekend opening in first place with $19,020,655.[27] The film's revenue dropped by 11.8% in its second week of release, earning $2,043,249. For this particular weekend, the romantic comedy Hitch unseated Boogeyman to open in first place with $43,142,214 in revenue, while Hotel Rwanda remained in 14th place not challenging a top 10 position.[28] During its final weekend in release, the film opened in 62nd place grossing $23,176 in business.[29] The film went on to top out domestically at $23,530,892 in total ticket sales through an 18-week theatrical run. Internationally, the film took in an additional $10,351,351 in box office business for a combined worldwide total of $33,882,243.[4] For 2004 as a whole, the film would cumulatively rank at a box-office performance position of 99.[30]

Critical response

[edit]

Among mainstream critics in the U.S., the film received largely positive reviews.[31] On Rotten Tomatoes 91% of 191 critics gave the film a positive review, with an average score of 8/10 and the consensus calling it a "sobering and heartfelt tale about the massacre that took place in Rwanda while most of the world looked away."[32] On Metacritic, the film received a weighted average score of 79 out of 100, based on 40 reviews, indicating "generally favorable" reviews.[31]

As Rusesabagina, Cheadle is simply terrific. Not only does he assume a totally believable African accent and manner, he also convinces us with every move and gesture that he's a resourceful Everyman elevated to genuine heroism by a struggle to do the right thing.

—William Arnold, writing in the Seattle Post-Intelligencer[33]

Michael Rechtshaffen, writing in The Hollywood Reporter, stated actor "Cheadle impressively carries the entire picture, delivering the kind of note-perfect performance that's absolutely deserving of Oscar consideration."[34] Roger Ebert in the Chicago Sun-Times called it a "riveting drama", while exclaiming "The film works not because the screen is filled with meaningless special effects, formless action and vast digital armies, but because Cheadle, Nolte and the filmmakers are interested in how two men choose to function in an impossible situation. Because we sympathize with these men, we are moved by the film."[35] In the San Francisco Chronicle, Mick LaSalle wrote that the film was a "harrowing experience", and that "it documents for a mass audience what it was like. It's useful, in that it shows how it can happen. It's even hopeful, in that it shows that it's possible—not guaranteed, but possible—for people to maintain their humanity in the face of unhinged barbarism."[36] Claudia Puig of USA Today stated the film was "one of the year's most moving and powerful films, anchored by a magnificent performance by Don Cheadle." She declared, "Hotel Rwanda emerges as an African version of Schindler's List."[37] The film was not without detractors, Dave Sterrit of The Christian Science Monitor felt that, although the subject matter was crucially important, "the movie dilutes its impact with by-the-numbers filmmaking, and Cheadle's one-note performance displays few of his acting gifts."[38] Lisa Schwarzbaum of Entertainment Weekly commented on the character significance of the U.N. personnel, she stated it was "a bad day for narrative, if not for diplomacy, when there is only one 3-D character among the entire U.N. lot, clad in their blue helmets, and that role is rasped by Nick Nolte with moral remorse rather than his more usual hint of dissolution." In her overall summation, she wrote "Hotel Rwanda is a strange history lesson that leaves us more overlectured than properly overwhelmed."[39] Michael Atkinson of The Village Voice, added to the negativity by stating the film was "told to us secondhand, or glimpsed in distant scuffles" and "Like the majority of movies about the last century of holocausts, Hotel Rwanda is as earnest and tasteful as its creators. To capture the white-hot terror of social calamity, someone a little more lawless and fierce might be called for."[40]

Writing for The New York Times, Stephen Holden wrote the film was "a political thriller based on fact that hammers every button on the emotional console."[41] He commended how the film "offers a devastating picture of media-driven mass murder left unchecked" while also praising "Mr. Cheadle's magnificent, understated portrayal".[41] James Berardinelli, writing for ReelViews, called the film "powerful" and noted that it didn't "pull as many punches as its detractors would have us believe."[42] Berardinelli also wrote the film was "brutal and shocking when it needs to be, but it also has great emotional scope and power. We find ourselves enmeshed in Paul's struggle, sharing his despair at the warfare tearing apart his country, his frustration and anger at the U.N.'s inability to act, and, eventually, his hope for a better tomorrow."[42] Describing some pitfalls, Jeff Vice of the Deseret News stated the "decision by the filmmakers to show things from that limited viewpoint—to show how isolated and fearful the characters were of the chaos going on around them—the film feels a little dishonest and diminished. It's never quite as effective as The Killing Fields or Schindler's List in that the film's overall impact is not as great and it doesn't linger in the memory."[43] Vice was quick to admit "Hotel Rwanda does have its share of powerful moments; in particular, a scene in which Paul and another hotel employee unknowingly—due to fog—drive into a mass grave." He also expressed satisfaction with the acting, stating "Cheadle brings a needed intensity to the film; his character's fear and compassion are quite vivid. Nolte is also good in his limited screen time, as is Joaquin Phoenix, who plays a news cameraman."[43]

[A] flat, cramped staging which, combined with d.p. Robert Fraisse's harsh overlighting, gives the film the feel of a cheap backlot production, even though it was shot on location.

—Scott Foundas, writing for Variety[44]

Eleanor R. Gillespie of The Atlanta Journal-Constitution stated that Hotel Rwanda was an "unforgettable film" as well as "a doubly unforgettable performance by Don Cheadle."[45] Although mentioning "The parallels with Steven Spielberg's Schindler's List are obvious", she praised individual cinematic elements that made the film unique, such as "the revelation of a dark, bumpy road paved with thousands of corpses. Or in a little girl's heartwrenching plea, 'Please don't let them kill me. I promise I won't be Tutsi anymore'."[45] She concluded her review with Cheadle's noteworthy performance, stating he gave "one of the best performances (if not the best) of last year—an Oscar-worthy portrait of a man who kept his head clear and his humanity intact in the midst of a man-made hell."[45] Similarly, David Ansen wrote in Newsweek that "two performances carry the film. Cheadle, in his richest role since Devil in a Blue Dress, burrows deep inside this complex man, who discovers in himself a strength he never knew he possessed, as he faces the disillusionment of all the "civilized" notions he believes in. As his strong, committed wife, Tatiana, Sophie Okonedo, barely resembling the saucy hooker she played in Dirty Pretty Things, is a revelation."[46] However, in the Arizona Daily Star, Phil Villarreal was not moved by the lead acting of Cheadle or Nolte. He thought the characters were "cardboardish" and stated the "uplifting moments of rescue seem antiseptic and set up."[47] Critic Leonard Maltin wrote that Hotel Rwanda was a "powerful film" that he thought avoided being "overly didactic by focusing on one compelling character, believably brought to life by Cheadle."[48] In Reel Power: Hollywood Cinema and American Supremacy, drawing on the work of journalist Keith Harmon Snow and writer Edward S. Herman, author Matthew Alford called the film "sensitive, humane and powerful" but noted that it was "striking how the history of bloodshed has been spun in line with Western interests".[49]

Top 10 lists

[edit]

Hotel Rwanda was listed on many critics' top ten lists for 2004.[50]

  • 1st – Richard Roeper, Ebert & Roeper[51]
  • 3rd – Claudia Puig, USA Today
  • 3rd – Stephanie Zacharek, Salon.com
  • 6th – Ruthie Stein, San Francisco Chronicle
  • 8th – Lawrence Toppman, Salon.com
  • 8th – Mick LaSalle & Carla Meyer, San Francisco Chronicle
  • 9th – Roger Ebert, Chicago Sun-Times
  • 10th – Desson Thomson, Washington Post
  • 10th – Lawrence Toppman, Charlotte Observer
  • Top 10 (listed alphabetically) – Carrie Rickey, Philadelphia Inquirer
  • Top 10 (listed alphabetically) – Carina Chocano, Los Angeles Times

Accolades

[edit]

The film was nominated and won several awards in 2004–2006.[52][53] Various critics included the film on their lists of the top 10 best films of 2004. Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times named it ninth best, Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle named it eighth best, and Desson Thomson of The Washington Post named it tenth best.[54] The film is also listed by the American Film Institute as one of the 100 most inspirational movies of all time.[55]

Award Category Nominee Result
77th Academy Awards[56] Best Actor Don Cheadle Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Sophie Okonedo Nominated
Best Original Screenplay Keir Pearson, Terry George Nominated
American Film Institute Awards 2004[57] Top Audience Award ———— Won
Discover Screenwriting Award 2004[58] Discover Screenwriting Award Keir Pearson, Terry George Nominated
2005 Berlin International Film Festival[59] Out of Competition ———— Won
2005 Bet Awards[60] Best Actor Don Cheadle Nominated
Black Reel Awards of 2005[61] Best Actor in a Drama Don Cheadle Nominated
Best Actress in a Drama Sophie Okonedo Won
59th British Academy Film Awards[62] Best Original Screenplay Keir Pearson, Terry George Nominated
Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards 2004[63] Best Picture ———— Nominated
Best Actor Don Cheadle Nominated
Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards 2005[64] Best Actor Don Cheadle Nominated
Best Picture ———— Nominated
2005 David Di Donatello Awards[65] Best Foreign Film ———— Nominated
2005 18th European Film Awards[66] Best Composer Rupert Gregson-Williams, Andrea Guerra Won
62nd Golden Globe Awards[67] Best Picture – Drama ———— Nominated
Best Actor – Drama Don Cheadle Nominated
Best Original Song Jerry Duplessis, Andrea Guerra, Wyclef Jean Nominated
Golden Satellite Awards 2004[68] Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama Don Cheadle Won
Best Motion Picture Drama ———— Won
Best Original Song Jerry Duplessis, Andrea Guerra, Wyclef Jean Won
Best Original Screenplay Keir Pearson, Terry George Nominated
2006 Grammy Awards[69] Best Song Written For Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media Jerry Duplessis, Andrea Guerra, Wyclef Jean Nominated
2005 Humanitas Prize[70] Humanitas Prize Keir Pearson, Terry George Won
2005 3rd Irish Film & Television Awards[71] Best Director Terry George Won
Best Script for Film Keir Pearson, Terry George Won
31st Japan Academy Prize Ceremony[72] Best Foreign Language Film ———— Nominated
London Film Critics Circle Awards 2005[73] Best British Director Terry George Nominated
Best Actor Don Cheadle Nominated
Best British Supporting Actress Sophie Okonedo Nominated
2005 Movieguide Awards[74] Most Inspiring Movie Acting Don Cheadle Nominated
2005 36th NAACP Image Awards[75] Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture Don Cheadle Nominated
Outstanding Motion Picture ———— Nominated
Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture Sophie Okonedo Nominated
2006 Nastro d'Argento Silver Ribbon Award Best Score Andrea Guerra Nominated
2004 National Board of Review of Motion Pictures Awards[76] Top Ten Films ———— Won
Online Film Critics Society Awards 2004[77] Best Actor Don Cheadle Nominated
2004 Political Film Society Awards[78] Exposé ———— Nominated
Human Rights ———— Nominated
Peace ———— Nominated
Producers Guild of America Awards 2004[79] Stanley Kramer Award ———— Won
2006 Robert Awards[80] Best Non-American Film Terry George Nominated
San Diego Film Critics Society Awards 2004[81] Body of Work Don Cheadle Won
11th Screen Actors Guild Awards[82] Best Ensemble Acting ———— Nominated
Best Actor Don Cheadle Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Sophie Okonedo Nominated
Southeastern Film Critics Association Awards 2004[83] Best Picture ———— Nominated
2004 Toronto International Film Festival[84] People's Choice Award Terry George Won
Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Awards 2004[85] Best Actor Don Cheadle Nominated
World Soundtrack Awards 2005[86] Best Original Song Written for a Film Jerry Duplessis, Andrea Guerra, Wyclef Jean Nominated
Writers Guild of America Awards 2004[87] Best Original Screenplay Keir Pearson, Terry George Nominated

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Hotel Rwanda (2004)". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved 6 March 2023.
  2. ^ a b c "Hotel Rwanda". The Numbers. Retrieved 19 September 2010.
  3. ^ "Endgame". Archived from the original on 24 August 2016. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  4. ^ a b c d e "Hotel Rwanda". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 4 June 2010.
  5. ^ Burr, Ty (7 January 2005). "Hotel Rwanda Movie Review: Cheadle brings quiet power to 'Rwanda'". Boston Globe. Archived from the original on 30 April 2008. Retrieved 9 April 2007.
  6. ^ Rusesabagina (2007), 239.
  7. ^ "The 77th Academy Awards | 2005". Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. 5 October 2014. Archived from the original on 1 October 2015. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
  8. ^ Stefan Lovgren (9 December 2004). "'Hotel Rwanda' Portrays Hero Who Fought Genocide". National Geographic News. Archived from the original on 8 September 2017. Retrieved 30 August 2013.
  9. ^ Hotel Rwanda or the tutsi genocide as seen by Hollywood. Paris: L'Harmattan. 2012. ISBN 978-2-296-19180-8. OCLC 1100973151.
  10. ^ Kayihura, Edouard; Zukus, Kerry (1 April 2014). Inside the Hotel Rwanda: The Surprising True Story ... and Why It Matters Today. BenBella Books, Inc. ISBN 978-1-937856-73-1.
  11. ^ a b Linda Melvern (17 November 2011). "Hotel Rwanda – without the Hollywood ending". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 June 2014.
  12. ^ "June 2: Failure to Protect Session 3 – "Inside the UN Security Council, April – July 1994"" (PDF). Retrieved 17 August 2024.
  13. ^ "Correcting the depiction of the "Hotel Rwanda hero"". African Arguments. 14 September 2020. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  14. ^ Hammer, Joshua (2 March 2021). "He Was the Hero of 'Hotel Rwanda.' Now He's Accused of Terrorism". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 4 March 2021. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
  15. ^ Paul T. Boghosian (20 April 2017). "Director Terry George Speaks about 'The Promise'". Armenian Mirror-Spectator. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
  16. ^ Terry George. (2004). Hotel Rwanda [Motion picture]. United States: United Artists.
  17. ^ Gonzalez, Ed (6 May 2005). "Shake Hands With the Devil: The Journey of Roméo Dallaire". Slant Magazine. Retrieved 2 October 2014.
  18. ^ "United Nations welcomes establishment of international fund for Rwanda". United Nations. 4 April 2005. Archived from the original on 17 March 2014. Retrieved 30 August 2013.
  19. ^ "United Nations Foundation Overview" (PDF). United Nations Foundation. Retrieved 18 June 2010.
  20. ^ "Hotel Rwanda (2004)". Yahoo! Movies. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 2 October 2014.
  21. ^ "Original Soundtrack Hotel Rwanda". AllMusic. Retrieved 2 October 2014.
  22. ^ Hotel Rwanda Bringing the True Story of An African Hero to Film. Newmarket Press. 7 February 2005. ISBN 978-1-55704-670-3. Archived from the original on 5 March 2012. Retrieved 17 June 2010..
  23. ^ "Hotel Rwanda VHS Format". Amazon. 12 April 2005. Retrieved 6 June 2010.
  24. ^ "Hotel Rwanda Widescreen DVD". Barnes & Noble. Archived from the original on 1 March 2012. Retrieved 6 June 2010.
  25. ^ "Hotel Rwanda: Blu-ray". BarnesandNoble.com. Retrieved 1 May 2013.
  26. ^ "Hotel Rwanda: VOD Format". Amazon. Retrieved 15 November 2010.
  27. ^ "February 4–6, 2005 Weekend". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 6 June 2010.
  28. ^ "February 11–13, 2005 Weekend". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 6 June 2010.
  29. ^ "Hotel Rwanda Weekend Summary". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 21 January 2011.
  30. ^ "Domestic Total Gross". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 5 August 2010.
  31. ^ a b "Hotel Rwanda". Metacritic. CNET Networks. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  32. ^ "Hotel Rwanda (2004)". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango Media. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  33. ^ Arnold, William (6 January 2005). An unforgettable Tale of Heroism and Hope. Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Retrieved 6 February 2014.
  34. ^ Rechtshaffen, Michael (22 December 2004). "Hotel Rwanda". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 6 June 2010.
  35. ^ Ebert, Roger (21 December 2004). "A hotel 'diplomat' offers sanctuary from genocide". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  36. ^ Lasalle, Mick (7 January 2005). Amid a massacre, an ordinary man stands tall to protect others. San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 6 June 2010.
  37. ^ Puig, Claudia (21 December 2004). Haunting 'Hotel Rwanda'.Archived 2005-12-18 at the Wayback Machine USA Today. Retrieved 6 June 2010.
  38. ^ Sterrit, David (14 January 2005). Hotel Rwanda (PG-13). The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 6 June 2010.
  39. ^ Schwarzbaum, Lisa (1 February 2005). Hotel Rwanda (2004). Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 6 June 2010.
  40. ^ Atkinson, Michael (14 December 2004). Cheadle survives a timid account of the Rwandan genocide.Archived 2008-09-27 at the Wayback Machine The Village Voice. Retrieved 6 June 2010.
  41. ^ a b Holden, Stephen (22 December 2004). Holding a Moral Center as Civilization Fell. The New York Times. Retrieved 6 June 2010.
  42. ^ a b Berardinelli, James (December 2004). Hotel Rwanda. ReelViews. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  43. ^ a b Vice, Jeff (10 February 2005). Hotel Rwanda. Deseret News. Retrieved 6 June 2010.
  44. ^ Foundas, Scott (15 September 2004). "Hotel Rwanda". Variety. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  45. ^ a b c Gillespie R. Eleanor, (December 2004). Hotel Rwanda Archived 24 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved 6 June 2010.
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