IMAM

IMAM
Company type	S.p.A.
Predecessor	IMAM
Founded	1923
Founder	Nicola Romeo
Successor	Aerfer (1955)
Headquarters	Naples, Kingdom of Italy
Area served	Worldwide
Key people	Alessandro Tonini; Giovanni Galasso;
Parent	Società Italiana Ernesto Breda

IMAM (Industrie Meccaniche e Aeronautiche Meridionali) was an Italian aircraft manufacturer founded in Naples in 1923 by the engineer Nicola Romeo. In 1955 it merged into Aerfer.

History

The Industrie Meccaniche e Aeronautiche Meridionali had its origins in the aircraft division of OFM (Officine Ferroviarie Meridionali), an Italian railway and rolling stock manufacturing company owned by Nicola Romeo. Romeo hired Alessandro Tonini, an aeronautical engineer experienced in aerodynamics and airplane design, as OFM's chief designer. OFM contacted Fokker and got production licence for the Fokker C.V. It was built by the Naples factory in 1927 as the OFM Ro.1.^[1]

On 27 October 1934, Romeo spun off the aircraft business, renamed as the Società Anonima Industrie Aeronautiche Romeo (IAR).^[1] The most successful aircraft produced by IAR was the Ro.37 Lince. The first prototype Ro.37 flew in November 1933.^[2] In 1935, OFM (the railway workshop) was sold to Società Italiana Ernesto Breda. Romeo later sold Società Anonima Industrie Aeronautiche Romeo to Società Italiana Ernesto Breda, which later became the Industrie Meccaniche e Aeronautiche Meridionali (IMAM).^[1] The new company continued Ro.37 recon biplane, Ro.41 fighter biplane, Ro.51 fighter monoplane (land/seaplane versions) and developed Ro.43/44 seaplanes, Ro.57/58 twin-engined fighters and STOL Ro.63.^[3]

Approximately 125 Ro.43 catapult floatplanes were built for the Regia Marina.^[4] The type was in service at the battle of Calabria in July 1940 and the battle of Cape Matapan in March 1941.^[1] In addition to their use aboard ships, a few Ro.43's (average strength, four floatplanes) were employed by the 161ª Squadriglia Caccia Marina of the Aeronautica dell'Egeo as fighter protection for the Italian-held islands in the Aegean Sea.^[4]

In 1939, Meridionali projected a twin-engined single-seat fighter, the Ro.57. Powered by two 840 h.p. Fiat A.74 R.C.38 radials, the Ro.57 carried two 12.7 mm. and two 20 mm. guns in the nose, and attained a maximum speed of 500 km/h (310.5 mph). Designed by Giovanni Galasso, the IMAM Ro.57 began to leave the production lines of the Naples factory early in 1942, and entered service in small numbers with the Regia Aeronautica as a fighter-bomber because of its comparatively low speed and poor manoeuvrability. From the Ro.57 was developed the Ro.57bis, evolved from the start as a fighter bomber and dive bomber. Although it was similarly powered, two 20 mm cannon were added to the 12.7 mm machine-guns and dive-brakes were installed.^[5] Carrying up to a 500 kg (1,102 lb) bomb under its fuselage, this version was fairly successful but had faded from the scene before the Armistice of Cassibile.^[6]

The Ro.63, a short-range reconnaissance and light transport aircraft of comparable quality and reliability or even superior to its German competitor, the Fieseler Fi 156 Storch, was not put into production in significant numbers due to the shortage of available engines.

After World War II Officine di Pomigliano per le Costruzioni Aeronautiche e Ferroviarie-Aerfer was constituted and in 1955 merged with IMAM to form Aerfer. Aerfer worked notably on the first generation Italian jet fighter prototypes Sagittario and Ariete.

Aircraft

IMAM aircraft included:

Ro.5, acrobatic sportsplane, 1929
Ro.26, biplane trainer aircraft, 1932
Ro.30, observation biplane, 1932
Ro.35, single-seat glider, 1933
Ro.37 Lince (Lynx), multirole reconnaissance biplane, 1933
Ro.41, biplane fighter, 1934
Ro.43, reconnaissance single float seaplane, 1934
Ro.44, fighter seaplane, 1936
Ro.51, fighter aircraft, 1937
Ro.57, monoplane fighter, 1939
Ro.58, monoplane heavy fighter and attack aircraft, 1942
Ro.63, STOL reconnaissance aircraft, 1940

Notes

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Callaway 2013.
^ Fitzsimons, Bernard, ed. (1971). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of 20th Century Weapons and Warfare. Vol. 20. New York: Columbia House. p. 2216.
^ Gunston 1993, p. 201.
^ ^a ^b Thompson 1963, p. 203.
^ Green 1961, pp. 153–154.
^ Taylor 1980, p. 687.

Bibliography

Green, William (1961). Warplanes of the Second World War. Vol. 2: Fighters. London: Macdonald. pp. 153–154.
Thompson, Jonathan W. (1963). Italian Civil and Military aircraft 1930–1945 (1st ed.). New York: Aero Publishers Inc. ISBN 0-8168-6500-0.
Green, William (1967). War Planes of the Second World War. Vol. 6: Floatplanes. Garden City, NY: Doubleday. pp. 111–13.
Taylor, Michael John Haddrick (1980). Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. Vol. 4. Danbury, Connecticut: Grolier Educational Corporation. pp. 687–688.
Gunston, Bill (1993). World Encyclopaedia of Aircraft Manufacturers: From the Pioneers to the Present Day. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 9781557509390.
Lembo, Daniele (October–November 2003). "Officine Meccaniche Meridionali". Aerei Nella Storia (34). Parma: Delta editions.
Callaway, Tim (31 May 2013). "Alenia Aermacchi: Officine Ferroviarie Meridionali and Industrie Aeronautiche Romeo". Aviation Classics Magazine (20). Archived from the original on 12 December 2013.