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Ice hockey at the 1952 Winter Olympics
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 Jersey of Canada's 1952 Olympic Gold Medal team, the Edmonton Mercurys | |
| Tournament details | |
|---|---|
| Host country |  Norway |
| Venue(s) | Jordal Amfi Arena, Dælenenga, Kadettangen, Marienlyst and Lillestrøm |
| Dates | 15–25 February 1952 |
| Teams | 9 |
| Final positions | |
Champions  |  Canada (6th title) |
Runner-up  |  United States |
Third place  |  Sweden |
| Fourth place |  Czechoslovakia |
| Tournament statistics | |
| Games played | 37 |
| Goals scored | 335 (9.05 per game) |
| Scoring leader(s) | Billy Gibson (19 points) |
The men's ice hockey tournament at the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo, Norway, was the seventh Olympic Championship, also serving as the 19th World Championships and the 30th European Championships. The tournament was mainly played at the Jordal Amfi Arena, as well as the stadiums at Dælenenga (in Oslo), Kadettangen (Sandvika), Marienlyst (Drammen) and Lillestrøm (Lillestrøm). Canada, represented by the Edmonton Mercurys, won its sixth Olympic gold medal and 15th World Championship. Highest finishing European team Sweden won the bronze medal and its sixth European Championship.[1]
The tournament was nearly not played at all. Discussions began in 1950, whether or not ice hockey would be included in the 1952 Winter Olympics. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) sought assurance that participating teams would adhere to its amateur code rather than the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) code, and also wanted to exclude IIHF president Fritz Kraatz from negotiations. IIHF past-president W. G. Hardy, and secretary George Dudley agreed there would be no negotiations on those terms, nor would they repudiate Kraatz. Dudley expected the IIHF to discuss having its own 1952 Ice Hockey World Championships instead, and stated that the Olympics would be a financial failure without the inclusion of hockey.[2] In 1951 it was decided to drop hockey from the Olympic programme because of the controversies surrounding the 1948 Games. However, at the IOC congress in Romania the same year, it was reinstated.[3][4] W. G. Hardy advocated for the inclusion of the Soviet Union national ice hockey team, provided there is no political interference.[5] Despite his advocacy the Soviet authorities did not apply in time to be included in the tournament.[6][7]
Teams from Germany and Czechoslovakia rejoined the top level of international hockey this year. Nine nations played a round-robin with the top three nations receiving medals at the end.[3][4] Swiss newspapers criticized the rough play by Canada and the United States team, and questioned whether hockey should be part of the Olympics. Canadian Amateur Hockey Association president Doug Grimston felt the games were tame compared to North American standards and that the Olympics would suffer without hockey which was its biggest attraction.[8]
After Canada and the United States played to a draw in the final game of the round-robin, which placed the teams first and second respectively in the standings for the gold and silver medals. Had Canada won, the United States would have placed fourth. A newspaper in Moscow charged that a deal had been made to predetermine the outcome and assure the United States of a silver medal and to exclude the Czechoslovakia team from a medal.[9][10] Canada won their sixth Olympic title, and fifteenth World title. The USA finished one point ahead of both Sweden and Czechoslovakia who both finished with six wins and two losses, additionally, they had an equal goal differential of +29. The Czechoslovaks had defeated the Swedes four to nothing on the final day, and believed that they had won the Olympic bronze, and the European Championship. However, organizers decided that they should play a final tie-breaking game, in which the Swedes overcame a three-goal deficit to win five to three.[3][4]
Qualification
[edit]The 1952 Olympic tournament, also the 1952 World Championship, “Category A,” was open to all teams assigned by the IIHF to Category A for 1952. This was the first Olympic tournament with any type of qualification procedure.
For the purpose of maximizing fan interest and minimizing lopsided games, the IIHF announced in September 1950 a new system to separate teams into Categories A and B for the World Championships, starting in 1951. If not otherwise qualified, the Olympic host nation was guaranteed assignment to Category A for 1951 and 1952.
Teams were assigned to Category A for 1951 that
- Earned a minimum of three points at both the 1949 and 1950 World Championships.
- Earned a minimum of three points at either the 1949 or 1950 World Championships and did not play in the other.
- Did not play at the 1949 and 1950 World Championships, but were selected at IIHF discretion upon entering the 1951 World Championship.
All other teams that played at any of the World Championships from 1949 to 1951 were assigned to Category B for 1951. Because of a rule that required a team to win two consecutive Category B tournaments to earn promotion to Category A, all of these 1951 Category B teams were eliminated from Olympic qualification.
Teams were assigned to Category A for 1952 that
- Earned a minimum of two points at the 1951 World Championship, Category A.
- Earned entry into the 1951 World Championship, Category A, but did not play.
- Did not play at the 1949, 1950 or 1951 World Championships, but were selected at IIHF discretion upon entering the 1952 World Championship.
Teams were assigned to Category B for 1952 that
- Were assigned to Category B for 1951.
- Earned less than two points at the 1951 World Championship, Category A.
- Did not play at the 1949, 1950 and 1951 World Championships and were not selected for Category A at IIHF discretion upon entering the 1952 World Championship.[11]
Great Britain qualified for the 1952 Olympic tournament according to this procedure, but announced they would not play in late 1951, and instead requested entry into the Category B tournament. They planned to enter a team composed of English players only and did not expect them to be competitive at the Olympics.[12]
Medalists
[edit]Participating nations
[edit]
Canada (16)
United States (15)
Sweden (17)
Czechoslovakia (17)
Switzerland (17)
Poland (16)
Finland (17)
Germany (15)
Norway (17)
World Championships Group A (Norway)
[edit]| February 15, 1952 17:00 | United States | 3–2 (0–1, 2–0, 1–1) | Norway | Jordal Amfi, Oslo |
| February 15, 1952 19:00 | Sweden | 9–2 (2–0, 5–2, 2–0) |  Finland | Dæhlenenga, Oslo |
| February 15, 1952 19:00 | Czechoslovakia | 8–2 (3–1, 2–1, 3–0) |  Poland | Marienlyst, Drammen |
| February 15, 1952 21:00 | Canada  | 15–1 (6–1, 7–0, 2–0) |  Germany | Jordal Amfi, Oslo |
| February 16, 1952 17:00 | Switzerland  | 12–0 (2–0, 2–0, 8–0) | Finland | Jordal Amfi, Oslo |
| February 16, 1952 19:00 | Czechoslovakia | 6–0 (2–0, 2–0, 2–0) | Norway | Dæhlenenga, Oslo |
| February 16, 1952 19:00 | United States | 8–2 (1–0, 3–1, 4–1) | Germany | Kadettangen, Sandvika |
| February 16, 1952 21:00 | Sweden | 17–1 (1–0, 9–1, 7–0) | Poland | Jordal Amfi, Oslo |
| February 17, 1952 17:00 | Sweden | 4–2 (2–1, 1–0, 1–1) | Norway | Jordal Amfi, Oslo |
| February 17, 1952 19:00 | Switzerland | 6–3 (4–1, 2–2, 0–0) | Poland | Dæhlenenga, Oslo |
| February 17, 1952 19:00 | Canada | 13–3 (6–2, 5–0, 2–1) | Finland | Marienlyst, Drammen |
| February 17, 1952 21:00 | Czechoslovakia | 6–1 (0–0, 2–0, 4–1) | Germany | Jordal Amfi, Oslo |
| February 18, 1952 17:00 | United States | 8–2 (1–0, 6–0, 1–2) | Finland | Jordal Amfi, Oslo |
| February 18, 1952 19:00 | Canada | 11–0 (6–0, 3–0, 2–0) | Poland | Dæhlenenga, Oslo |
| February 18, 1952 19:00 | Switzerland | 7–2 (4–0, 2–2, 1–0) | Norway | Kadettangen, Sandvika |
| February 18, 1952 21:00 | Sweden | 7–3 (3–2, 0–0, 4–1) | Germany | Jordal Amfi, Oslo |
| February 19, 1952 17:00 | Canada | 4–1 (1–1, 1–0, 2–0) | Czechoslovakia | Jordal Amfi, Oslo |
| February 19, 1952 21:00 | United States | 8–2 (4–1, 3–0, 1–1) | Switzerland | Jordal Amfi, Oslo |
| February 20, 1952 17:00 | Poland | 4–4 (1–1, 3–1, 0–2) | Germany | Jordal Amfi, Oslo |
| February 20, 1952 21:00 | Finland | 5–2 (2–0, 2–2, 1–0) | Norway | Jordal Amfi, Oslo |
| February 21, 1952 17:00 | Sweden | 4–2 (1–0, 0–0, 3–2) | United States | Jordal Amfi, Oslo |
| February 21, 1952 19:00 | Canada | 11–2 (4–0, 5–0, 2–2) | Switzerland | Dæhlenenga, Oslo |
| February 21, 1952 19:00 | Czechoslovakia | 11–2 (4–1, 3–0, 4–1) | Finland | Kadettangen, Sandvika |
| February 21, 1952 21:00 | Germany | 6–2 (0–0, 1–1, 5–1) | Norway | Jordal Amfi, Oslo |
| February 22, 1952 14:00 | Finland | 5–1 (1–0, 2–0, 2–1) | Germany | Jordal Amfi, Oslo |
| February 22, 1952 17:00 | Czechoslovakia | 8–3 (0–2, 2–1, 6–0) | Switzerland | Jordal Amfi, Oslo |
| February 22, 1952 19:00 | United States | 5–3 (1–0, 2–0, 2–3) | Poland | Dæhlenenga, Oslo |
| February 22, 1952 21:00 | Canada | 3–2 (1–2, 1–0, 1–0) | Sweden | Jordal Amfi, Oslo |
| February 23, 1952 17:00 | Sweden | 5–2 (1–1, 4–0, 0–1) | Switzerland | Jordal Amfi, Oslo |
| February 23, 1952 19:00 | Canada | 11–2 (5–2, 3–0, 3–0) | Norway | Dæhlenenga, Oslo |
| February 23, 1952 19:00 | Poland | 4–2 (2–2, 0–0, 2–1) | Finland | Lillestrøm Stadion, Lillestrøm |
| February 23, 1952 21:00 | United States | 6–3 (2–1, 4–0, 0–2) | Czechoslovakia | Jordal Amfi, Oslo |
| February 24, 1952 16:00 | Switzerland | 6–3 (1–1, 3–1, 2–1) | Germany | Dæhlenenga, Oslo |
| February 24, 1952 17:00 | Czechoslovakia | 4–0 (2–0, 2–0, 0–0) | Sweden | Jordal Amfi, Oslo |
| February 24, 1952 21:00 | Canada | 3–3 (2–0, 1–2, 0–1) | United States | Jordal Amfi, Oslo |
| February 25, 1952 11:00 | Poland | 4–3 (1–2, 1–1, 2–0) | Norway | Jordal Amfi, Oslo |
An additional game was played between Sweden and Czechoslovakia because they finished tied for a medal place on points (12) and goal difference (+29).
| February 25, 1952 17:00 | Sweden | 5–3 (0–2, 1–1, 4–0) | Czechoslovakia | Jordal Amfi, Oslo |
Final round
[edit]| Team | Pld | W | L | D | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Canada
|
8 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 71 | 14 | +57 | 15 |
| United States
|
8 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 43 | 21 | +22 | 13 |
| Sweden
|
8 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 48 | 19 | +29 | 12 |
| Czechoslovakia
|
8 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 47 | 18 | +29 | 12 |
| Switzerland
|
8 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 40 | 40 | 0 | 8 |
| Poland
|
8 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 21 | 56 | −35 | 5 |
| Finland
|
8 | 2 | 6 | 0 | 21 | 60 | −39 | 4 |
| Germany
|
8 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 21 | 53 | −32 | 3 |
| Norway
|
8 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 15 | 46 | −31 | 0 |
World Championship Group B (Belgium)
[edit]Played in Liege 15–22 March 1952. British manager Johnny Murray won with a roster composed entirely with English players; no Scots or Canadians.[3]
| Date | Game | Result | Periods |
|---|---|---|---|
| 15 March |  France vs.  Netherlands
|
7–3 | 1–0, 3–1, 3–2 |
| 16 March |  Belgium vs.  Italy
|
1–3 | 1–0, 0–0, 0–3 |
| 16 March |  Austria vs. Netherlands
|
5–5 | 1–2, 4–1, 0–2 |
| 17 March | Belgium vs.  Great Britain
|
5–1 | 4–1, 0–0, 1–0 |
| 17 March | Austria vs. Italy
|
5–1 | 1–1, 0–0, 4–0 |
| 18 March | Great Britain vs. Netherlands
|
8–1 | 3–0, 3–0, 2–1 |
| 18 March | Belgium vs. France
|
3–3 | 0–2, 2–0, 1–1 |
| 19 March | Italy vs. Netherlands
|
5–3 | 1–2, 1–0, 3–1 |
| 20 March | Great Britain vs. France
|
10–0 | 4–0, 5–0, 1–0 |
| 20 March | Belgium vs. Austria
|
7–10 | 2–2, 2–6, 3–2 |
| 21 March | Italy vs. France
|
14–5 | 4–1, 5–1, 5–3 |
| 21 March | Great Britain vs. Austria
|
2–1 | 0–0, 2–1, 0–0 |
| 22 March | Austria vs. France
|
11–4 | 3–0, 0–4, 8–0 |
| 22 March | Great Britain vs. Italy
|
7–3 | 2–1, 1–1, 3–1 |
| 22 March | Belgium vs. Netherlands
|
1–7 | 1–3, 0–3, 0–1 |
Table
[edit]| Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | D | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 | Great Britain
|
5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 28 | 10 | +18 | 8 |
| 11 | Austria
|
5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 32 | 19 | +13 | 7 |
| 12 | Italy
|
5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 26 | 21 | +5 | 6 |
| 13 | Netherlands
|
5 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 19 | 26 | −7 | 3 |
| 14 | Belgium
|
5 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 17 | 24 | −7 | 3 |
| 15 | France
|
5 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 19 | 41 | −22 | 3 |
Statistics
[edit]Average age
[edit]Team Germany was the oldest team in the tournament, averaging 27 years and 10 months. Team Norway was the youngest team in the tournament, averaging 23 years and 9 months. Gold medalists Canada averaged 26 years and 5 months. Tournament average was 25 years and 8 months.[13]
Top scorers
[edit]| Team | GP | G | A | Pts |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Billy Gibson
|
8 | 12 | 7 | 19 |
European Championship medal table
[edit] |
Sweden
|
 |
Czechoslovakia
|
 |
Switzerland
|
| 4 | Poland
|
| 5 | Finland
|
| 6 | Germany
|
| 7 | Norway
|
Citations
[edit]- ^ "Ice Hockey at the 1952 Oslo Winter Games". Sports Reference. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 13 May 2019.
- ^ "International Puck Bodies Widely Split". Winnipeg Free Press. Winnipeg, Manitoba. May 18, 1950. p. 17.
- ^ a b c d Summary
- ^ a b c Duplacey p. 503
- ^ "News Bulletins". Lethbridge Herald. Lethbridge, Alberta. January 15, 1952. p. 1.
- ^ Findling and Pelle (1996), pp. 254–255
- ^ US War Department (1952), pp. 11
- ^ "No Rowdyism Says I.I.H.F. Chief Kraatz". Lethbridge Herald. Lethbridge, Alberta. February 22, 1952. p. 18.
- ^ "U.S.-Canada Tie Rapped In Russia". Charleston Gazette. Charleston, West Virginia. February 28, 1952. p. 15.; "Reds Suggest Fix Was On". Winnipeg Free Press. Winnipeg, Manitoba. February 28, 1952. p. 23.
- ^ "Canuck Pucksters May Not Enter Olympics Again". Fairbanks Daily News Miner. Fairbanks, Alaska. March 6, 1952. p. 2.
- ^ Gordon, David S.; Harris, Martin C. Lion in Winter: A Complete Record of Great Britain at the Olympic, World and European Ice Hockey Championships 1910-1981. p. 275.
- ^ Gordon, David S.; Harris, Martin C. Lion in Winter: A Complete Record of Great Britain at the Olympic, World and European Ice Hockey Championships 1910-1981. p. 299.
- ^ "Team Canada - Olympics - Oslo 1952 - Player Stats". QuantHockey. Retrieved 23 April 2020.
References
[edit]- Duplacey, James (1998). Total Hockey: The official encyclopedia of the National Hockey League. Total Sports. pp. 498–528. ISBN 0-8362-7114-9.
- Podnieks, Andrew (2010). IIHF Media Guide & Record Book 2011. Moydart Press. p. 107.
- Jeux Olympiques d'Oslo 1952
- Ishockey VM OS 1947-1954
- Findling, John E.; Pelle, Kimberly D. (1996). Historical Dictionary of the Modern Olympic Movement. Westport, United States: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 258. ISBN 0-313-28477-6. Retrieved 25 July 2011.
1956 winter olympics.
- Armed Forces Talk. US War Department. 1952.
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