Influenza A virus subtype H10N3

Influenza A virus subtype H10N3
Influenza A virus subtype H10N3
Treatment	N/A
Frequency	~160 animal cases in last 40 years

Influenza A virus subtype H10N3 is a subtype of viruses that causes influenza (flu). It is mostly present in wild avian species. The first human case was reported in 2021.

In animals

Only around 160 cases of the virus have been reported in the 40 years before 2018, mostly in various waterfowl or wild birds.^[1] Existing studies show that H10 influenza viruses are present in a wide range of domestic and wild avian species, as well as in mammals, showing potential for adaptation.^[2] H10N3 has been isolated across a wide geographic distribution, including in species such as domestic poultry (chickens),^[2] ducks,^[3]^[4] other waterfowl, and terrestrial birds.^[5] In animals, the viruses display a complex pathology, with complex reassortments and mutations contributing to pathobiology patterns in chickens, ducks and mice indicative of a possible threat to humans,^[6] although H10N3 is usually a less severe strain and is unlikely to cause a significant outbreak.^[1]

In humans

The first human case of H10N3 was reported in Zhenjiang, in China's eastern province of Jiangsu.^[1]^[7] This index case was a patient admitted to the hospital with a fever and worsening respiratory symptoms on April 28, 2021, with a diagnosis of H10N3 confirmed in May 2021. None of the individual's close contacts developed any symptoms or signs of infection. The virus identified from this individual contains an HA cleavage site that is consistent with a "low pathogenicity avian influenza" (LPAI), and is also a reassortant strain, combining the HA and NA genes from H10N3 with internal genes from H9N2 viruses.^[7]

According to China's National Health Commission (NHC), human cases of H10N3 have not been reported elsewhere in China.^[8] There are no indications that the virus is easily transmissible among humans, with no confirmed cases of human-to-human transmission.^[1]^[9] Other types of avian-origin H10 influenza have been reported in human beings, including in Egypt, Australia and China, highlighting a potential public health hazard, although none of the strains so far detected have shown signs of human transmission.^[2]^[7]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Patton, Dominique; Gu, Hallie (1 June 2021). "China reports first human case of H10N3 bird flu". www.reuters.com. Retrieved 1 June 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c Wu, Haibo; Yang, Fan; Liu, Fumin; Peng, Xiuming; Chen, Bin; Cheng, Linfang; Lu, Xiangyun; Yao, Hangping; Wu, Nanping (January 2019). "Molecular characterization of H10 subtype avian influenza viruses isolated from poultry in Eastern China". Archives of Virology. 164 (1): 159–179. doi:10.1007/s00705-018-4019-z. ISSN 1432-8798. PMID 30302582. S2CID 52948768.
^ Mikami, T.; Izawa, H.; Kodama, H.; Onuma, M.; Sato, A.; Kobayashi, S.; Ishida, M.; Nerome, K. (1982). "Isolation of ortho- and paramyxoviruses from migrating feral ducks in Hokkaido. Brief Report". Archives of Virology. 74 (2–3): 211–217. doi:10.1007/BF01314714. ISSN 0304-8608. PMID 7165509. S2CID 27094052.
^ Wisedchanwet, Trong; Wongpatcharachai, Manoosak; Boonyapisitsopa, Supanat; Bunpapong, Napawan; Jairak, Waleemas; Kitikoon, Pravina; Sasipreeyajun, Jiroj; Amonsin, Alongkorn (December 2011). "Influenza A virus surveillance in live-bird markets: first report of influenza A virus subtype H4N6, H4N9, and H10N3 in Thailand". Avian Diseases. 55 (4): 593–602. doi:10.1637/9681-020811-Reg.1. ISSN 0005-2086. PMID 22312979. S2CID 35728936.
^ Gronesova, Paulina; Ficova, Martina; Mizakova, Adriana; Kabat, Peter; Trnka, Alfred; Betakova, Tatiana (October 2008). "Prevalence of avian influenza viruses, Borrelia garinii, Mycobacterium avium, and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in waterfowl and terrestrial birds in Slovakia, 2006". Avian Pathology. 37 (5): 537–543. doi:10.1080/03079450802356953. ISSN 1465-3338. PMID 18798030. S2CID 205546310.
^ Zhang, Miaomiao; Zhang, Xingxing; Xu, Kaidi; Teng, Qiaoyang; Liu, Qinfang; Li, Xuesong; Yang, Jianmei; Xu, Jianqing; Chen, Hongjun; Zhang, Xiaoyan; Li, Zejun (2016-09-28). "Characterization of the Pathogenesis of H10N3, H10N7, and H10N8 Subtype Avian Influenza Viruses Circulating in Ducks". Scientific Reports. 6: 34489. Bibcode:2016NatSR...634489Z. doi:10.1038/srep34489. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 5039634. PMID 27678170.
^ ^a ^b ^c Wang, Yang; Niu, Shaowei; Zhang, Bing; Yang, Chenghuai; Zhou, Zhonghui (27 June 2021). "The whole genome analysis for the first human infection with H10N3 influenza virus in China". The Journal of Infection. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2021.06.021. ISSN 1532-2742. PMID 34192524. S2CID 235696703.
^ "China Reports First Possible Human Transmission of H10N3 Bird Flu | June 1, 2021". The Daily NewsBrief. [Fourth Estate Public Benefit Corporation]. 2021-06-01. Archived from the original on 2021-06-03. Retrieved 2021-06-01.
^ "China reports 1st human case of H10N3 bird flu. Here's what to know about the virus". Global News. Retrieved 2021-06-08.

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[reutersFirstCase-1] Patton, Dominique; Gu, Hallie (1 June 2021). "China reports first human case of H10N3 bird flu". www.reuters.com. Retrieved 1 June 2021.

[wu2018-2] Wu, Haibo; Yang, Fan; Liu, Fumin; Peng, Xiuming; Chen, Bin; Cheng, Linfang; Lu, Xiangyun; Yao, Hangping; Wu, Nanping (January 2019). "Molecular characterization of H10 subtype avian influenza viruses isolated from poultry in Eastern China". Archives of Virology. 164 (1): 159–179. doi:10.1007/s00705-018-4019-z. ISSN 1432-8798. PMID 30302582. S2CID 52948768.

[mikami1982-3] Mikami, T.; Izawa, H.; Kodama, H.; Onuma, M.; Sato, A.; Kobayashi, S.; Ishida, M.; Nerome, K. (1982). "Isolation of ortho- and paramyxoviruses from migrating feral ducks in Hokkaido. Brief Report". Archives of Virology. 74 (2–3): 211–217. doi:10.1007/BF01314714. ISSN 0304-8608. PMID 7165509. S2CID 27094052.

[wisedchanwet2011-4] Wisedchanwet, Trong; Wongpatcharachai, Manoosak; Boonyapisitsopa, Supanat; Bunpapong, Napawan; Jairak, Waleemas; Kitikoon, Pravina; Sasipreeyajun, Jiroj; Amonsin, Alongkorn (December 2011). "Influenza A virus surveillance in live-bird markets: first report of influenza A virus subtype H4N6, H4N9, and H10N3 in Thailand". Avian Diseases. 55 (4): 593–602. doi:10.1637/9681-020811-Reg.1. ISSN 0005-2086. PMID 22312979. S2CID 35728936.

[gronesova2008-5] Gronesova, Paulina; Ficova, Martina; Mizakova, Adriana; Kabat, Peter; Trnka, Alfred; Betakova, Tatiana (October 2008). "Prevalence of avian influenza viruses, Borrelia garinii, Mycobacterium avium, and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in waterfowl and terrestrial birds in Slovakia, 2006". Avian Pathology. 37 (5): 537–543. doi:10.1080/03079450802356953. ISSN 1465-3338. PMID 18798030. S2CID 205546310.

[zhang2016-6] Zhang, Miaomiao; Zhang, Xingxing; Xu, Kaidi; Teng, Qiaoyang; Liu, Qinfang; Li, Xuesong; Yang, Jianmei; Xu, Jianqing; Chen, Hongjun; Zhang, Xiaoyan; Li, Zejun (2016-09-28). "Characterization of the Pathogenesis of H10N3, H10N7, and H10N8 Subtype Avian Influenza Viruses Circulating in Ducks". Scientific Reports. 6: 34489. Bibcode:2016NatSR...634489Z. doi:10.1038/srep34489. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 5039634. PMID 27678170.

[WangNiuJoI-7] Wang, Yang; Niu, Shaowei; Zhang, Bing; Yang, Chenghuai; Zhou, Zhonghui (27 June 2021). "The whole genome analysis for the first human infection with H10N3 influenza virus in China". The Journal of Infection. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2021.06.021. ISSN 1532-2742. PMID 34192524. S2CID 235696703.

[8] "China Reports First Possible Human Transmission of H10N3 Bird Flu | June 1, 2021". The Daily NewsBrief. [Fourth Estate Public Benefit Corporation]. 2021-06-01. Archived from the original on 2021-06-03. Retrieved 2021-06-01.

[9] "China reports 1st human case of H10N3 bird flu. Here's what to know about the virus". Global News. Retrieved 2021-06-08.

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