Categories
  Encyclosphere.org ENCYCLOREADER
  supported by EncyclosphereKSF

International Water Association

From Wikipedia - Reading time: 19 min

For other uses, see IWA (disambiguation).

Not to be confused with International Water Resources Association.
International Water Association (IWA)
Founded7 September 1999; 24 years ago (1999-09-07)[1][2][3]
TypeProfessional association
FocusSustainable water management
Location
  • London, United Kingdom
OriginsIWSA, IAWQ[4]
Area served
Worldwide
MethodConferences, publications, interest groups, task forces, forums
Key people
Tom Mollenkopf (President); Kalanithy Vairavamoorthy (Executive Director)
Websitewww.iwa-network.org

The International Water Association (IWA) is a self-governing nonprofit organization and knowledge hub for the water sector, connecting water professionals and companies to find solutions to the world's water challenges. It has permanent staff housed in its headquarters and global secretariat in central London, the United Kingdom to support the activities, and has a regional office in Chennai, India.[5] The aim of the IWA is to function as an international network for water experts and promote standards and optimal approaches in sustainable water management. IWA has a membership comprising technology companies, water and wastewater utilities, and wider stakeholders in the fields of water services, infrastructure engineering and consulting as well as more than 10,000 individuals including scientists and researchers, with governing members in approximately 80 countries. IWA is an affiliated member of the International Science Council (ISC).

Two significant conferences are organized by the IWA biannually: the World Water Congress & Exhibition (WWDE) and the Water and Development Congress & Exhibition (WDCE). IWA works across a wide range of issues covering the full water cycle, with four programmes – Basins of the Future (water security), Cities of the Future (urban metabolism, sustainable city), Water and Sanitation Services (wastewater management) including Water policy and regulation – that work towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals adopted by the 70th UN General Assembly and addressing the threat to sustainable water supplies posed by climate change.

History[edit]

The IWA has its roots in the International Water Supply Association (IWSA), established in June 1947, and the International Association on Water Quality (IAWQ), which was originally formed as the International Association for Water Pollution Research (IAWPR) in 1962, formally constituted in June 1965, renamed International Association of Water Pollution Research and Control (IAWPRC) in March 1982 and adopting IAWQ in May 1992.[3][1] On 23 January 1998, the then presidents, Nicholas Hood of IWSA and Thomas Keinath of IAWQ, signed a memorandum of understanding, paving the way for the ratification of the merger between the two organizations.[6] After receiving mandates from their respective boards of directors to the formal proposal, IWSA in May and IAWQ in June the same year, the full merger was scheduled to take place by 1 August 1999.[6] The two professional associations with separate causes, cultures, and working methods eventually merged on 7 September 1999 to form the International Water Association (IWA), creating one international organization focused on the full water cycle.[1][3] The merger was motivated by the streamlining of operations and a desire to accumulate critical mass.[7] Legally signed and created at the end of July 1999, the IWA was ceremonially launched at the IWSA 22nd World Water Congress and Exhibition in Buenos Aires, Argentina in 18–24 September 1999.[7]

The first congress under the auspices of the new organization was held in Paris in 2000 with nearly 2.500 delegates attending 450 oral presentations, 750 poster presentations and 4 workshops and seminars.[7][8][9] In 2009, IWA launched a biannual Development Congress, with Mexico City as the inaugural location, as a key component of its comprehensive agenda to drive advancements in the developing world.[10] Together with the America’s Clean Water Foundation (ACWF), IWA sponsored the first World Water Monitoring Day in October 2003, handled the coordination of the program with the Water Environment Federation (WEF) from July 2006 until January 2015, where the coordinator role was transferred to EarthEcho International.[11][12] By September 2016, the membership numbers at IWA had increased to 6,295 members.[13]

By 2015, the target year for the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDG) from 2009, the 2030 agenda of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) was embraced as a new main water-focused issue of concern among the many other global priorities.[14] In March 2015, AquaRating was announced as the world's first rating agency for the water sector by establishing the international standard for assessing water and sanitation services provision, jointly developed by the Inter-American Development Bank (IADB) and the IWA.[15] On 1 September 2016, the World Bank and IWA announced the establishment of a partnership surrounding the reduction of water losses.[16] In a partnership with OPEC Fund for International Development (OFID), the IWA published a report on 26 February 2017, emphasizes the critical need for swift and substantial action to significantly enhance wastewater treatment, reuse, and recycling.[17]

At an official ceremony on 14 November 2007, IWA's operational headquarter office in the Hague, the Netherlands, was opened, which followed the opening of regional offices in Beijing, Republic of China (2006), Singapore (5 June 2007), Nairobi, Kenya (2009/2010) and Bucharest, Romania (24 November 2009).[18][1] A regional office in Chennai, India was established in May 2018 to coordinate the organisation's activities across South Asia, and hosts a sub-unit of the IT and Digital Transformation team.[5] A collaboration agreement that established IWA's new Global Operations Hub in Nanjing, Republic of China, was signed on 22 October 2018 to host the Asia & Oceania Regional Member Engagement and Service, Water Intelligence, IWA Learn, and Event, becoming fully operational in July 2019, and staying active until late 2022 or early 2023.[19][5] Brexit let to the shutdown of IWA's operations in the Netherlands and the transfer of activities back to the United Kingdom, where IWA and IWA Publishing have shared an expanded office in London since July 2020.[5]

Publications[edit]

(T–B) Water21 was replaced by The Source as the membership magazine for the IWA in 2015.

IWA Publishing Ltd. (IWAP) was established as the wholly owned subsidiary of the International Water Association in January 1999, in anticipation of the merger between IAWQ and IWSA, with the purpose of providing information services on all aspects of water, wastewater and related environmental fields.[20] The company's portfolio include the publishing and printing of periodicals and a broad range of peer-reviewed scientific journals alongside over 800 books, research reports, manuals of best practice, and online services.[21][22] The Journal Citation Reports lists Water Research with the highest impact factor of 11.236 (2020) among the company's journals.[23]

A member and trade exhibition magazine, named Water21 was launched to coincide with the creation of IWA, publishing six issues each year with a worldwide circulation of approx. 20,000, and combining elements from the previous periodicals, IAWQ's Water Quality International and IWSA's Aqua News.[20] The Water21 magazine's final issue was published in June 2015, when the magazine was rebranded and relaunched as The Source in September 2015.[24] At one point a Chinese language supplement for the Water21 magazine, aimed at the Chinese water market, was published twice a year in a joint venture between IWA and Aquatech China with a circulation of 41,000. Two newsletters, named Water Utility Management International (WUMI) and Water Asset Management International (WAMI), were quarterly publications produced by the Water21 team between 2005/2006 and 2015.

In July 1999, the first new publication under IWA Publishing, Journal of Hydroinformatics, was launched in partnership with the International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR), and later International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS).[20][1][25] From 2000, the publication of the three journals Water Science and Technology (previously published by Elsevier), AQUA and Water Supply (previously published by Blackwell Scientific Publications on behalf of IWSA) was continued by IWA Publishing, while the publication of Water Research journal was continued by Elsevier in association with IWA.[20] Having had Elsevier as the publisher for the first four volumes, the official journal of the World Water Council, Water Policy, was transferred to IWA Publishing from 2003.[26] Activities related to safe drinking-water by the World Health Organization (WHO) have since 2003 included a collaboration surrounding the publication of the Journal of Water and Health by IWA Publishing.[27] In 2012, the publication of Water Quality Research Journal of Canada was passed from the Canadian Association on Water Quality (CAWQ) to IWA Publishing.

The publishing branch of IWA became a member of the Open Access Scholarly Publishing Association (OASPA) in 2021.[28] Ten of IWA Publishing's journals became open access via a "Subscribe to Open" model (S2O) in 2021.

Conferences and workshops[edit]

Flags at the entrance to the IWA World Water Congress & Exhibition, September 2022, at the Bella Center Copenhagen.[32]

IWA annually hosts more than 40 specialist conferences and workshops on various aspects of water management.[13] Flagship events organized by the IWA include the World Water Congress & Exhibition (WWCE) since 2000 and the biannually Water and Development Congress & Exhibition, with its first edition held in 2009.[32][33][2] The Conference for Water Safety, previously held in Lisbon (2008), Kuching (2010), Kampala (2012), Palawan (2016), Narvik (2022) and Montevideo (2024), and involving the discussion and implementation of Water Safety Plans (WSPs), is organized by the IWA and for the first five editions it was co-sponsored by the World Health Organization (WHO).[34][35][36] The Leading Edge Conference on Water and Wastewater Technologies (LET) have been held annually since the first edition at Noordwijk, the Netherlands in 2003, with the exception of years 2020–2021.[37]

The first World Water Congress held under the auspices of the IWA was technically organized as an IAWQ style congress, while the second WWC was organized as an IWSA/DVGW style congress.[1] The program committee created for the third congress, held together with the Enviro 2002 Convention & Exhibition, designed the technical program, and was subsequently used as a standing committee for future congresses to ensure both quality and continuity.[1] The 6th edition of the World Water Congress & Exhibition was visited by 4,500 participants from 94 different countries, which by the 11th edition in Tokyo had increased to 9,815 participants from 98 countries, while 8,900 water professionals from utilities, academia, private companies, governments, and global organisations, of 102 countries, took part in the 12th edition in Copenhagen.[38][10][39] Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe, the 12th edition of WWC&E was moved from 2020 to 2022.[40]

The 1st edition of the Water & Development Congress & Exhibition was visited by 400 delegates from 60 countries, organized by the IWA and National Autonomous University of Mexico, while the 6th edition saw 3,142 participants attend from over 100 countries.[41][42] The 5th IWA Water and Development Congress & Exhibition was not held at a conference center or university, but took place in buildings and under temporary tents at a water treatment plant in Buenos Aires, Argentina.[43]

WWCE locations and dates[edit]

Edition Name Dates Venue Refs
1 1st IWA World Water Congress 3–7 July 2000 Palais des congrès de Paris, Paris, France [1][2]
2 2nd IWA World Water Congress 15–19 October 2001 Internationales Congress Centrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany [1]
3 3rd IWA World Water Congress 7–12 April 2002 Melbourne Convention Centre, Melbourne, Australia [1][21]
4 4th IWA World Water Congress & Exhibition 19–24 September 2004 Palais des congrès de Marrakech [fr], Marrakech, Morocco [1]
5 2006 IWA World Water Congress & Exhibition 10–14 September 2006 Beijing International Convention Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China [1]
6 2008 IWA World Water Congress & Exhibition 7–12 September 2008 Austria Center Vienna, Vienna, Austria [1]
7 2010 IWA World Water Congress & Exhibition 19–23 September 2010 Palais des congrès de Montréal, Montreal, Canada [1][2]
8 2012 IWA World Water Congress & Exhibition 16–21 September 2012 Busan Exhibition and Convention Center, Busan, South Korea [1]
9 2014 IWA World Water Congress & Exhibition 21–26 September 2014 Centro de Congressos de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal [1][44]
10 2016 IWA World Water Congress & Exhibition 9–14 October 2016 Brisbane Convention & Exhibition Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia [1][45]
11 2018 IWA World Water Congress & Exhibition 16–21 September 2018 Tokyo Big Sight, Tokyo, Japan [46][47]
12 2022 IWA World Water Congress & Exhibition 11–15 September 2022 Bella Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark [32][48]
13 2024 IWA World Water Congress & Exhibition 11–15 August 2024 Metro Toronto Convention Centre, Toronto, Canada [49]
14 2026 IWA World Water Congress & Exhibition 2026 Glasgow, Scotland
15 2028 IWA World Water Congress & Exhibition 2028 Kuching, Malaysia
16 2030 IWA World Water Congress & Exhibition 2030 São Paulo, Brazil

WDCE locations and dates[edit]

Edition Name Dates Venue Refs
1 1st IWA Development Congress 15–19 November 2009[j] National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico [50][41]
2 2nd IWA Development Congress & Exhibition 21–24 November 2011 Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia [51][1]
3 3rd IWA Development Congress & Exhibition 14–17 October 2013 Kenyatta International Conference Centre, Nairobi, Kenya [52][1]
4 2015 IWA Water and Development Congress & Exhibition 18–22 October 2015 King Hussein Bin Talal Convention Centre, Dead Sea area, Jordan [53][1]
5 2017 IWA Water and Development Congress & Exhibition 13–16 November 2017 AySA Water Treatment Plant, General San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina [43][1]
6 2019 IWA Water and Development Congress & Exhibition 1–5 December 2019 Bandaranaike Memorial International Conference Hall, Colombo, Sri Lanka [54][1]
7 2023 IWA Water and Development Congress & Exhibition 10–14 December 2023 Kigali Convention Centre, Kigali, Rwanda [55]

Footnotes[edit]

  1. ^ In January 2021, the IWA Publishing team relaunched the Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology – AQUA, which became AQUA: Water Infrastructure, Ecosystems and Society.
  2. ^ The IWA launched IWA Open Water Journal on 10 October 2016 at the IWA World Water Congress and Exhibition 2016. After being renamed H2Open Journal, the first issue was published in July 2018.
  3. ^ The journal was first published by the Nordic Association of Hydrology in February 1970 as Nordic Hydrology Journal and remained under this title until August 2007 (volume 38, issue 4–5). From 2008, the scientific journal was adopted by the British Hydrological Society under the new title Hydrology Research.
  4. ^ The Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination was launched in March 2011. In January 2021, the IWA Publishing team relaunched the title as Water Reuse, with its first issue published in March.
  5. ^ The official journal of the World Water Council (WWC).
  6. ^ The journal's first issue was launched on 1 February 1966 and has been known by its current name since volume 52, issue 1. Former names include Proceedings - Canadian symposium on water pollution research from the first issue in 1966, Proceedings. Annual Symposium on Water Pollution Research, Water Pollution Research in Canada until 1979, Water Pollution Research Journal of Canada between 1980 and 1994, and underwent a name change most recently in 2017 from Water Quality Research Journal of Canada (between 1995 and 2016).
  7. ^ The journal Progress in Water Technology was launched in 1972 as a new series by publisher Pergamon Press on behalf of the International Association on Water Pollution Research (IAWPR), and renamed Water Science and Technology in 1981. Volume 1 in the series was Applications of New Concepts of Physical-Chemical Wastewater Treatment (Nashville Conference; 1972), volume 2 was Phosphorus in Fresh Water and the Marine Environment (London Conference; 1973), volume 3 was Management and Pollution Control Problems (Jerusalem Workshop Papers; 1973), while volume 4 was Toward a Unified Concept of Biological Waste Treat ment (Atlanta City Conference; 1973).
  8. ^ The journal was formerly published by the International Water Services Association (IWSA) as Water Supply. From 2000, the journal was brought under the Water Science and Technology umbrella as an adjunct. From volume 1, issue 1 in 2000, the magazine was called Water Science & Technology: Water Supply. From volume 19, issue 1, the magazine was renamed Water Supply.
  9. ^ The journal Ingeniería del agua is written in Spanish.
  10. ^ The 1st IWA Development Congress was originally scheduled to be held 6–10 September 2009.

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Paul Reiter (1 September 2022). "Foreword; IV. III 2001-2002 --Defining, Strategically and Operationally Planning the New IWA; The 2003-2006 Periode - Adaptively Implementing the 2002-2006 Strategic Plan; VII. 2015 - The End of Part Two of IWA's Post-Merger Story". The Founding and Evolution of IWSA and IAWQ 1947-1999 and the Creation of IWA in 2000 and its Evolution through 2015 (PDF). International Water Association (IWA). pp. 1, 19–20, 22–24, 29–32. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 October 2022. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
  2. ^ a b c d "World Water Congress & Exhibition - About". www.worldwatercongress.org. International Water Association (IWA). Archived from the original on 3 October 2022. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
  3. ^ a b c "International Association on Water Quality (IAWQ)". uia.org. Global Civil Society Database. Archived from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
  4. ^ Yarrow-Soden, Erika (19 December 2022). "75 years and counting – IWA's rich and influential history". The Source – the magazine of the International Water Association. www.thesourcemagazine.org. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
  5. ^ a b c d "IWA Offices". Governance Manual : IWA Board of Directors' Procedures and Guidelines (PDF). International Water Association (IWA). 7 June 2022. pp. 5–6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 March 2024. Retrieved 15 March 2024.
  6. ^ a b "The merger progresses". Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology - Aqua. AQUA News: Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK. 47 (2): i–xix. March 1998. doi:10.2166/aqua.1998.8. ISSN 0003-7214.
  7. ^ a b c Waddington, Karma (November 1999). "Water professionals in new embrace". Water & Environment International. International Trade Publications. 8 (63): 4. ISSN 0969-9775.
  8. ^ Grabow, W. O. K. (1 June 2001). "Introduction". World Water Congress: Industrial Wastewater & Environmental Contaminants: Selected Proceedings of the 1st Iwa World Water Congress, Held in Paris, France, 3-7 July 2000 Paperback – June 1, 2001 (1 ed.). IWA Publishing. p. 1. ISBN 978-1900222686.
  9. ^ "First world water congress". Australian Geographic. AG Society News: Australian Geographic Society (61): 12. January–March 2001. ISSN 0816-1658.
  10. ^ a b "World Water Congress Closes After Receiving 4500 Visitors". Water Online. www.wateronline.com. 16 September 2008. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
  11. ^ "IWA and ACWF sponsor First World Water Monitoring Day". WaterWorld Magazine. waterworld.com. 1 October 2003. Archived from the original on 14 March 2024. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
  12. ^ Araya, Yoseph N.; Moyer, Edward H. (December 2006). "Global Public Water Education: The World Water Monitoring Day Experience". International Journal of Applied Environmental Education and Communication. Taylor Francis. 5 (4): 263–267. doi:10.1080/15330150601059522.
  13. ^ a b "International Water Association". Profile of Water Associations 2016 (PDF). Japan Water Works Association (JWWA) General Assembly and Conference 2016. 2016. pp. 40–44. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 March 2024. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
  14. ^ Jägerskog, Anders (11 August 2015). "Without Water, No Sustainable Development: World Water Week 2015". climate-diplomacy.org. adelphi Consult. Archived from the original on 23 March 2024. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  15. ^ "IDB and IWA set up AquaRating, the world's first rating agency for the water sector". Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). 2 March 2015. Archived from the original (News release) on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
  16. ^ "The World Bank and the International Water Association to Establish a Partnership to Reduce Water Losses". Stockholm, Sweden: World Bank. World Bank press release. 1 September 2016. Archived from the original on 3 October 2022. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
  17. ^ "The Reuse Opportunity". Water & Wastewater Asia: 14–18. May–June 2018. ISSN 2010-233X. Retrieved 15 March 2024.
  18. ^ "New office in The Netherlands extends IWA roots". WaterWorld Magazine. waterworld.com. 15 November 2007. Archived from the original on 15 March 2024. Retrieved 16 March 2024.
  19. ^ "Inauguration of Nanjing IWA Global Operations Hub". Water & Wastewater Asia: 6. July–August 2019. ISSN 2010-233X. Retrieved 15 March 2024.
  20. ^ a b c d Dunn, Michael (August 1999). "IWA Publishing Ltd" (PDF). IWA Newsletter. International Water Association (3): 2. Retrieved 24 February 2024.
  21. ^ a b "About us". IWA Publishing. Archived from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
  22. ^ a b c d "Journals". www.iwapublishing.com. IWA Publishing. Archived from the original on 27 February 2024. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
  23. ^ Data from the 2020 and 2021 editions of Clarivate Analytics Journal Citation Reports (Release of JCR Thomson Reuters), published in 30 June 2021 and 28 June 2022 respectively.
  24. ^ a b c "Water21 Magazine". www.iwapublishing.com. IWA Publishing. Archived from the original on 14 March 2016. Retrieved 8 March 2024.
  25. ^ "A journey through IAHR history. Broadening the scope: 1986 – 2010". www.iahr.org. International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR). 5 November 2020. Archived from the original on 8 March 2024. Retrieved 8 March 2024. Creation of the Journal of Hydroinformatics with IWA and later with IAHS.
  26. ^ "Water Policy Journal". Biennial Report 2004-2005 (PDF). World Water Council. 2005. p. 11. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 March 2024. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
  27. ^ Schmoll, Oliver; Howard, Guy; Chilton, John; Chorus, Ingrid (2006). "1.5 Groundwater in the Context of International Activities to reduce Water-related Disease". Protecting Groundwater for Health : Managing the Quality of Drinking-water Sources (PDF) (1 ed.). IWA Publishing on behalf of the World Health Organization (WHO). p. 14. ISBN 9781843390794. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 March 2024. Retrieved 8 March 2024.
  28. ^ Folan, Bernie (21 January 2022). "2021 – a year of growth with OASPA welcoming a diverse set of new members". Open Access Scholarly Publishing Association. www.oaspa.org. Archived from the original on 27 February 2024. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
  29. ^ a b Harremoës, Poul (1990). "Silver Jubilee 25 years of IAWPRC" (PDF). Water Quality International. International Association on Water Pollution Research and Control (IAWPRC). 4 (2): 14–18. ISSN 0892-211X. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  30. ^ Jenkins, S. H. (1973). Advances in Water Pollution Research : Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference held in Jerusalem June 18-23 1972 (PDF) (1 ed.). Pergamon Press on behalf of the International Association of Water Pollution Research. pp. xv–xvi. ISBN 0080170056. Archived from the original (Foreword) on 8 March 2024. Retrieved 8 March 2024.
  31. ^ a b c d "Elsevier Announces the Launch of the New Journal: Water Resources and Economics". Oxford, England: Elsevier. /PRNewswire/. 4 July 2013. Archived from the original (News release) on 3 March 2024. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
  32. ^ a b c "Welcome to Denmark". IWA World Water Congress & Exhibition : Water for Smart Liveable Cities : Congress Programme & Exhibition Catalogue (PDF). Copenhagen: International Water Association (IWA). September 2022. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 October 2022. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
  33. ^ "About: The leading water sector network". www.waterdevelopmentcongress.org. International Water Association (IWA). 2017. Archived from the original on 3 October 2022. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
  34. ^ "Water Safety Conference". www.nwsc.co.ug. National Water and Sewerage Corporation (NWSC). Archived from the original on 14 October 2012. Retrieved 14 October 2012.
  35. ^ "IWA-WHO Water Safety Conference 2022". United Nations. UN-Water. 16 May 2022. Archived from the original on 10 June 2023. Retrieved 10 June 2023.
  36. ^ Kjelstad, Thea (22 June 2022). "Stor internasjonal konferanse på universitetet" (in Norwegian). Fremover. Archived from the original on 5 February 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  37. ^ "About LET : Water and wastewater technology innovations". iwa-let.org. International Water Association (IWA). Archived from the original on 23 March 2024. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  38. ^ "2018 IWA World Water Congress & Exhibition Report". www.waterworks.metro.tokyo.lg.jp. Situation of participation in the IWA World Water Congress & Exhibition: Bureau of Waterworks, Tokyo Metropolitan Government. Archived from the original on 9 March 2024. Retrieved 9 March 2024.
  39. ^ Foster, Stephen; Gogu, Radu; Olesen, Ida Holm; Bækgaard, Anders (29 November 2022). "Denmark delivers: a huge success in Copenhagen". The Source – the magazine of the International Water Association. www.thesourcemagazine.org. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
  40. ^ "World Water Congress moves to 2022". The Source – the magazine of the International Water Association. IWA Publishing. 18 December 2020. Archived from the original on 9 March 2024. Retrieved 9 March 2024.
  41. ^ a b "Water, Sanitation Professionals Discuss Millennium Development Goals". WaterWorld Magazine. waterworld.com. 1 December 2009. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
  42. ^ "The leading water and development event". waterdevelopmentcongress.org. International Water Association. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 25 February 2024. 3142 participants, 59 sessions, 100+ exhibitors, 100 countries, 27 workshops
  43. ^ a b "Estuvimos en IWA 2017" (in Spanish). City of Buenos Aires: Jenck SA. www.notijenck.com.ar. November 2017. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
  44. ^ "IWA Lisbon 2014: Highlights IWA world water congress 2014 in pictures". Dutch Water Sector. www.dutchwatersector.com. 29 September 2014. Archived from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
  45. ^ "World Water Congress & Exhibition 2016". World Health Organization (WHO). Archived from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
  46. ^ "The Japan Times to Participate as a Media Partner at the 2018 IWA World Water Congress & Exhibition". www.japantimes.co.jp. The Japan Times. 23 April 2018. Archived from the original (Press release) on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
  47. ^ Matsutani, Minoru (14 September 2018). "Nation hopes to share international water technology". The Japan Times. www.japantimes.co.jp. Archived from the original on 24 February 2024. Retrieved 24 February 2024.
  48. ^ "IWA's World Water Congress & Exhibition underway". WaterWorld Magazine. waterworld.com. 13 September 2022. Archived from the original (Press release) on 24 February 2024. Retrieved 24 February 2024.
  49. ^ "IWA World Water Congress". International Political Science Association. ipsa.org. Archived from the original on 24 February 2024. Retrieved 24 February 2024.
  50. ^ "1st IWA Development Congress". www.iwa2009mexico.org. International Water Association (IWA). Archived from the original on 19 August 2009. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
  51. ^ "2nd IWA Development Congress & Exhibition". www.iwa2011kl.org. International Water Association (IWA). Archived from the original on 28 October 2011. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
  52. ^ Masese, Winsley (28 October 2013). "No water, no growth, environmentalists warn". The Standard. www.standardmedia.co.ke. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
  53. ^ "International conference continues to discuss water scarcity". Southern Shuneh: Associated Press. newsroom.ap.org. 20 October 2015. Archived from the original (AP Television) on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
  54. ^ Arachchi, Rajitha Jagoda (8 December 2019). "IWA summit: Preserving water for future". Sunday Observer. sundayobserver.lk. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
  55. ^ Sabiiti, Daniel (11 December 2023). "International Water Congress Opens in Kigali Amid Challenges In Achieving SDG 6". KT Press. www.ktpress.rw. Archived from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 25 February 2024.

External links[edit]

Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 | Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Water_Association
5 views | Status: cached on March 23 2024 15:05:50
↧ Download as ZWI file
Encyclosphere.org EncycloReader is supported by the EncyclosphereKSF