Iroquois River (Indiana-Illinois)

Iroquois River
Iroquois River
	The Iroquois River in Newton County, Indiana.
Location
Country	United States
Physical characteristics
Source
• location	NW of Rensselaer, Newton Township, Jasper County, Indiana
• coordinates	40°57′55″N 87°12′23″W / 40.9652778°N 87.2063889°W
• elevation	705 feet (215 m)
Mouth
• location	Kankakee, Illinois
• coordinates	41°04′27″N 87°48′59″W / 41.0741993°N 87.8164285°W
• elevation	599 feet (183 m)
Length	103 miles (166 km)
Basin size	2,091 sq mi (5,420 km2)
Discharge
• average	1,741 cubic feet per second (49.3 m3/s)
Basin features
Progression	Iroquois River → Kankakee → Illinois → Mississippi → Gulf of Mexico
GNIS ID	410927

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The Iroquois River is a 103-mile-long (166 km)^[1] tributary of the Kankakee River in the Central Corn Belt Plains of northwestern Indiana and northeastern Illinois in the United States.^[2] It was named for the Iroquois people.^[3] Via the Kankakee and Illinois rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River.

Course

The Iroquois River rises in Jasper County, Indiana, and flows generally west-southwestwardly through Newton County, Indiana, and Iroquois County, Illinois, where it turns northward and flows into Kankakee County, Illinois. It enters the Kankakee River from the south in Kankakee County, opposite the village of Aroma Park, about 4 miles (6 km) southeast of the city of Kankakee.

Along its course the Iroquois passes the town of Rensselaer, Brook, and Kentland in Indiana and the towns of Iroquois, Watseka and Sugar Island in Illinois.

Variant names

According to the Geographic Names Information System, the Iroquois River, or portions thereof, has also been known as:^[2]

Borntrager Ditch
Burns Ditch
Irokois River
Iroquois Ditch
Pickamick River
Pickamink Lateral
Pickamink River
Pinkamink River
Swain Ditch
Thompson Ditch

La rivière des Iroquois

The name, La rivière des Iroquois was given to the riverway by the French, through the Annual of René de la Salle. It has been proposed that the river got it name from la Fourche des Iroquois or the Fork of the Iroquois, now Aroma Park. The French phrase would be a reference to "the Irouquois' Fork" or a place where the French or the French allied tribes (Illini) had an experience with the Iroquois at this location.^[4]

The French explores had arrived in the Kankakee basin René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle in 1679. The Iroquois had been raiding across the Michigan Peninsula over the previous decade and began to move further west around the southern tip of Lac de Illinois or Lake Michigan. In 1682 he built Fort St. Louis atop Starved Rock State Park on the Illinois River as a place of refuge from raiding Iroquois. Thus, the history of the Beaver Wars as the Iroquois raids became known and the French name for the junction of the modern Iroquois River and the Kankakee River implies the movement of Iroquois raiding bands through this location and probably using the Iroquois River route as their way around the Great marsh of the Kankakee.^[4]

A legend among the Illinois tells of a time the Iroquois were surprised along the bank of this waterway and were driven away with great losses. (Charlevoix‘ Narrative Journal, 1721, vol. 2, p. 199.) Colonel Guerdon Hubbard hears a similar story in the middle 19th Century.^[5]

Basin

The Iroquois river is fed by the Sugar, Mud, Fountain Spring, Prairie, Langham, Pike and Beaver creeks. The Iroquois river, from the Sugar Island around Iroquois County Rd 3300 N to mouth in Aroma Park, the river is shallow and rocky. It is bordered by silurian limestone. South of the island the river is deep and slow moving, nearly to the state line.^[5]

The Iroquois begins in the low lands, north and west of Rensselaer, Indiana. It circles clockwise to the north and east, entering Rensselaer from the east. Continuing southwestward for more than 30 miles (48 km) to Watseka, Illinois. Here the river turns towards the north, reaching its junction with the Kankakee another 30 miles (48 km).

Towns and cities

Sources

^ U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data. The National Map Archived 2012-03-29 at the Wayback Machine, accessed May 13, 2011
^ ^a ^b U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Iroquois River
^ Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Govt. Print. Off. pp. 166.
^ ^a ^b Native American Place Names of Indiana; Michael McCafferty; University of Illinois Press, Champaign-Urbana, Illinois; April 2008
^ ^a ^b History of the Iroquois County; H.W. Beckwith; H. H. Hill and Company; Chicago, Illinois; 1880

Columbia Gazetteer of North America entry
DeLorme (2003). Illinois Atlas & Gazetteer. Yarmouth, Maine: DeLorme. ISBN 0-89933-321-4.
DeLorme (1998). Indiana Atlas & Gazetteer. Yarmouth, Maine: DeLorme. ISBN 0-89933-211-0.

Gallery

[NHD-1] U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data. The National Map Archived 2012-03-29 at the Wayback Machine, accessed May 13, 2011

[GNIS705-2] U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Iroquois River

[3] Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Govt. Print. Off. pp. 166.

[McCafferty-4] Native American Place Names of Indiana; Michael McCafferty; University of Illinois Press, Champaign-Urbana, Illinois; April 2008

[Illinois1880-5] History of the Iroquois County; H.W. Beckwith; H. H. Hill and Company; Chicago, Illinois; 1880

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