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Katerini

From Wikipedia - Reading time: 37 min

Katerini
Κατερίνη
Municipality
City Hall of Katerini
City Hall of Katerini
Katerini is located in Greece
Katerini
Katerini
Location within the region
Coordinates: 40°16′N 22°30′E / 40.267°N 22.500°E / 40.267; 22.500
CountryGreece
Administrative regionCentral Macedonia
Regional unitPieria
MunicipalityKaterini
Municipal unitKaterini
Government
 • MayorIoannis Doumos[1] (since 2023)
Area
 • Municipality
681.863 km2 (263.269 sq mi)
 • Municipal unit93.659 km2 (36.162 sq mi)
 • Community63.196 km2 (24.400 sq mi)
Elevation
30 m (100 ft)
Population
 (2021)[2]
 • Municipality
82,892
 • Density120/km2 (310/sq mi)
 • Municipal unit
62,742
 • Municipal unit density670/km2 (1,700/sq mi)
 • Community
59,189
 • Community density940/km2 (2,400/sq mi)
DemonymKateriniotis (Greek: Κατερινιώτης)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal code
60100, 60131, 60132, 60133, 60134
Area code(s)23510
Vehicle registrationKN
Websitekaterini.gr

Katerini (Greek: Κατερίνη, Kateríni, pronounced [kateˈrini]) is a city and municipality in northern Greece, the capital city of Regional Unit of Piera in Central Macedonia, Greece. It lies on the Pierian plain, between Mount Olympus and the Thermaikos Gulf, at an altitude of 14 m. The municipality of Katerini has a population of 82,892 (according to the 2021 census).[2] It is the second most populous urban area in the region of Macedonia after Thessaloniki. The close distance between the two cities (68 km), has been beneficial for Katerini's development over recent years. Katerini is accessible from the A1/E75 Athens–Thessaloniki motorway (with the Katerini's South, East and North interchanges) and the A2 motorway to the north. It is served by Intercity, Proastiakos (Suburban Railway) and local trains on the main Athens-Thessaloniki railway line and there is a comprehensive regional and national bus service with its hub in the city.

A popular tourist destination in northern Greece, Katerini is close to the sea (7 km) and to several archaeological sites of great interest such as the ancient city of Dion (5th century BC, 17 km away), ancient Leivithra (27 km away), ancient Pydna (16 km away) and the Castle of Platamon. The beaches of Kallithea, Korinos, Olympiaki Akti (or Katerinoskala), Paralia (where the 3rd Port Authority Department of Skala Katerini is located),[3] Peristasi are visited by both Greek and foreign tourists during the summer season.[4][5][6] The base of Mount Olympus and the town of Litochoro, are at a distance of around 20 km from the center of Katerini.[7][8][9][10] The ski center of Elatochori in Mount Pieria is at a distance of 33.4 km from the city's center.[11][12][13][14]

Name and history

[edit]

The origin of the name is obscure. Since the 13th century, travellers as well as maps record the existence of a settlement called Hatera (Ἅτηρα), which may have been the origin of the modern name. Thus Felix Beaujour recorded its name as "Katheri", while François Pouqueville gives the name of the settlement as "Kateri Hatera".[15][16] According to another theory, the city derives its name from the small chapel dedicated to Saint Catherine (Greek: Αγία Αικατερίνη, Agia Aikaterini) to the east of the city, dating to at least the early 19th century. The latter hypothesis influenced official usage in Greek, where the city is found as "Aikaterini" (Greek: Αικατερίνη) or "Agia Aikaterini" (Greek: Αγία Αικατερίνη) until the early 20th century, when the vernacular name Katerini (Greek: Κατερίνη) prevailed.[15]

According to the reports of travellers, at the turn of the 19th century, the city had four to five thousand inhabitants, mostly Greeks. In 1806, William Martin Leake recorded 100 hearths, while four years later Daniel recorded 140. For the remainder of the 19th century, the number of homes remained steady at about 300, with a population in 1900 of 2,070 Orthodox Christians and 600 Muslims.[15]

The city was liberated by the Greek 7th Infantry Division from the Ottoman rule and annexed to the Greece on 16 October 1912, during the First Balkan War. It has been part of Greece since then.[15][17][18] Refugees from the Greek genocide settled in Katerini.[19] With the population exchange between Greece and Turkey in 1923 the city's Muslims were expelled, while Greek refugees from Eastern Thrace[20][21] and Greek Evangelicals[22] from Asia Minor took their place, almost doubling the city's population from 5,540 in 1920 to 10,138 in 1928.[15]

During Axis Occupation of Greece by the Axis Powers in World War II, Katerini went under Nazi German occupation on 14 April 1941,[23][24] and was liberated on 26 October 1944.[25][26][27]

Geography

[edit]

Administrative division

[edit]

The Municipality of Katerini was formed in 2011 with the Kallikratis Programme administrative reform[28][29][30] by the merger of the following 6 former municipalities, that became municipal units of the newly formed Municipality of Katerini.[31][32][33][34][35][36][37]

The municipality Katerini is subdivided into 6 municipal units, each of which is divided into municipal communities.

Municipality of Katerini
Municipal Units
M.U. Elafina M.U. Katerini M.U. Korinos
Municipal Communities Municipal Communities Municipal Communities
M.U. Paralia M.U. Petra M.U. Pierioi
Municipal Communities Municipal Communities Municipal Communities


City of Katerini
Major Districts
  • Center (Greek: Κέντρο)
  • Analipsi (Ανάληψη)
  • Nea Zoi (Νέα Ζωή)
  • Agia Anna (Αγία Άννα)
  • Evaggelika (Ευαγγελικά)
  • Thrakiotika (Θρακιώτικα)
  • Agia Triada (Αγία Τριάδα)
  • Agios Fotios (Άγιος Φώτιος)
  • Municipal Park (Δημοτικό Πάρκο)
  • Agia Paraskevi (Αγία Παρασκευή)
  • Ergatikes Katikies (Εργατικές Κατοικίες)
  • Vatan (Βατάν)
  • Hiradika (Χηράδικα)
  • Paradisos (Παράδεισος)
  • Mylavlakos (Μυλαύλακος)
  • Agioi Pantes (Άγιοι Πάντες)
  • Katafygiotika (Καταφυγιώτικα)
  • Agia Aikaterini (Αγία Αικατερίνη)
  • Ethniko Stadio (Εθνικό Στάδιο)
  • Kapnikos Stathmos (Καπνικός Σταθμός)
  • Astika (Aston) [Αστικά, (Αστών)]
  • Railway station (Σιδηροδρομικός Σταθμός)

Climate

[edit]

Katerini has a humid subtropical climate that is characterised by warm to hot, dry summers and cool and more humid winters (Köppen climate classification: Cfa).

Climate data for Katerini
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 9.0
(48.2) 		11.9
(53.4) 		15.0
(59.0) 		20.0
(68.0) 		25.1
(77.2) 		30.3
(86.5) 		33.3
(91.9) 		32.9
(91.2) 		28.5
(83.3) 		22.4
(72.3) 		15.7
(60.3) 		10.9
(51.6) 		21.3
(70.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) 4.9
(40.8) 		6.8
(44.2) 		9.8
(49.6) 		14.2
(57.6) 		18.9
(66.0) 		23.6
(74.5) 		26.3
(79.3) 		25.9
(78.6) 		22.1
(71.8) 		17
(63) 		11.5
(52.7) 		7
(45) 		15.7
(60.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 0.8
(33.4) 		1.8
(35.2) 		4.6
(40.3) 		8.5
(47.3) 		12.8
(55.0) 		16.9
(62.4) 		19.4
(66.9) 		19.0
(66.2) 		15.7
(60.3) 		11.6
(52.9) 		7.4
(45.3) 		3.2
(37.8) 		10.1
(50.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 38
(1.5) 		36
(1.4) 		43
(1.7) 		33
(1.3) 		46
(1.8) 		31
(1.2) 		24
(0.9) 		18
(0.7) 		28
(1.1) 		45
(1.8) 		53
(2.1) 		53
(2.1) 		448
(17.6)
Source: climate-data.org[38]

Local food

[edit]

Katerini is located near several villages which are renowned for their high quality products, specifically kiwis,[39][40] wines,[41][42][43][44][45][46][47] cherries,[48][49][50][51] strawberries, apples, olives, olive oil, truffle oil, truffles,[52] mushrooms, grapes, mineral water,[53][54] herbs with the most well-known being the Greek mountain tea locally in Pieria known as "Tea of Olympus", honey and honey products (propolis, royal jelly, beeswax ointment, bee pollen),[55][56] dairy products (milk, butter, kefir, yogurt), cheese (feta, kasseri, manouri, anthotyros, kefalotyri, mizithra), chickens (meat, eggs), black pigs (meat, cured meat, sausages).[57][58] Katerini Steppe Cattle originate from Katerini.[59][60][61] This breed belonging to the Podolian cattle is at high risk of extinction, and is well known for its meat and milk. It is found now in the region of Thessaly. The cuisine of Katerini is Greece's Macedonian cuisine. Seafood comes mainly from the seaport of Paralia.

Economy

[edit]
Nine Muses Art Center (former Dimitrios Tsalopoulos Mansion) built in 1908 declared an Asset of Artistic Interest in 1979 by the Ministry of Culture

Katerini is the administrative and economic center of Pieria. In 2022 it joined the EU Smart Tourism Destinations Project[62][63] for smart tourism. The project aims to promote sustainable development practices and access to tourism and hospitality through Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)[64][65][66][67] with the collaboration of other EU selected destinations.[68][69][70][71] Katerini has received a gold award of Circular Economy and a silver award of Environmental Excellence to Local Authorities at the Environmental Awards 2022 at Hellenic Foundation for Culture on 28 September 2022.[72][73] It is the first municipality in Greece in which the pilot implementation of the SMARTREC Platform[74][75][76][77] for the recycling of cooking oil is taking place. This implementation is with collaboration with the International Hellenic University. The municipality participates in the European program "LIFE-IP AdaptInGR – Boosting the implementation of adaptation policy across Greece" (2019–2026)[78][79][80] for the adaptation to the effects of climate change, led by the Ministry of Environment and Energy.

The following organizations are based in Katerini: the Chamber of Commerce & Industry of Pieria,[81] Dimitra Agricultural-Livestock-farming Association of Katerini,[82] Sheep-Goat Farmers of Pieria Agricultural Cooperative of Prefecture of Pieria,[82] Agios Modestos Sheep-Goat Farmers Association of Pieria,[82] Union of Agricultural Cooperatives of Pieria,[83] Consortium of Agricultural Tobacco Cooperatives of Pieria,[84] Pieria Hoteliers Association,[85][86] Federation of Letting Rooms and Accommodations of Pieria, Imathia, Pella (OEDDPIP),[87][88] Travel Agents Association of Pieria.[89]

Every year it operates the Trade-Craft Exhibition Activity of Pieria & Central Makedonia (EBEP-KM),[90] and the open-air market and traditional Greek festival Emporopanigyri known as Panigyri[91] in August-September, taking place at the exhibition area of the Municipality of Katerini in the Andromachi settlement. The Park Festival is held at the Municipal Park of Katerini in April with street food and fun activities.[92][93][94] In October, the Fest of Honey for honey and bee products is held at the Municipal Park of Katerini, organized by the Agios Filaretos o Eleimon Bee⁠-⁠keeping Association of Pieria,[95][96] under the auspices of the Municipality of Katerini. The Municipality of Katerini, in collaboration with the Zeus Athletic Cultural Club of Pieria's Runners, organizes every year the "Run for Katerini"[97] 8 km road race, part of the events celebrating the liberation of Katerini on 16 October 1912.

Agriculture

[edit]
Katerini Municipal Park where there is a small artificial lake

Katerini lies in the middle of a plain and is thus an agricultural city. 26,775 people were employed in agriculture in Pieria as of 2000.[98] There is cultivation of tobacco in the region and a lot of people spend considerable resources for its development and for exports of the product. The Union of Agricultural Cooperatives of Pieria has 9,000 members, of which 2,000 grow tobacco.[99] Katerini - and Pieria - is the area in Greece where kiwis were first cultivated in 1973[99][100] at the initiative of Tasos Michos[101][102] who was application agronomist at the Pieria Directorate of Agriculture. The Aktinidio Pierias is cultivated in Pieria and is a part of the Hayward kiwi variety. It is registered as a Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) product with the awarding of certification on 22 November 2002.[103][39][104][40][105]

Tourism

[edit]
Paralia beach where there is the port and the pier. During the summer tourism season are held international folklore festivals.

Katerini is a popular tourist destination[106][107][108][37] that attracts visitors from Greece and abroad. Within the boundaries of the municipality, there are seasonal and all year round over 230 hotels,[85][109][81][87][110][111][112][113] that can accommodate more than 8,600 people,[114][115][116] short-term rental accommodatios,[117] and tourist accommodations.[118][119] The vast majority of the tourist infrastructure, including tens of tavernas and cafes, lie in Paralia and Olympiaki Akti. These two localities are linked with roads, sidewalks and bicycle lanes.[120][121] Winter tourism has started developing in the area with the Elatochori ski resort.[122][123] Katerini is surrounded by ancient archaeological sites as Dion, Leivithra, Pydna, Louloudies and Platamon Castle. Mount Olympus is a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve designated in 1981.[124][125] Olympus National Woodland Park (one of the National parks of Greece) is popular for visits and sports.[126][127][128]

Public health

[edit]

The National Health System (ESY) in Katerini has the:

  • General Hospital of Katerini,[129] in the area of Neo Keramidi.
  • Health Center of Katerini.[130]
  • 4th Local Health Group (T.OM.Y.) of Katerini[131][132] housed in the premises of the Health Center of Katerini and National Organization for Health Care Services (EOPYY).
  • 12th Local Health Group (T.OM.Y.) of Katerini housed in the premises of the former General Hospital of Katerini.[131]
  • Regional Care Center in Paralia operates each summer season.[133]
  • Atraktos Center for the Prevention of Addictions and Promotion of Psychosocial Health of the Regional Unit of Pieria.[134]

The Municipal Social Care Center of Katerini[135][136] of the Municipality of Katerini is housed in the premises of the former General Hospital of Katerini and provides primary health care services to the vulnerable social groups that has been equipped and funding from a Migrant and Refugee Fund (MRF) grant received through the Council of Europe Development Bank. The social welfare program "Help at Home" operates by Municipality of Katerini supports vulnerable, elderly and people with disabilities who are unable to support themselves and are in need of help at home.[137] In 2020, Municipality of Katerini acquired a mobile (vehicle mounted frequency selective) measurement station that monitor the electromagnetic field levels from antenna stations in the frequency range 100KHz–7 GHz, which is operated and controlled by the Greek Atomic Energy Commission (EEAE),[138][139] with the aim of public information about high-frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) levels. The results are presented through an interactive web portal[140] and mobile application.[141]

Municipality of Katerini operates its office for local stray animals.[142][143][144]

Transport

[edit]

Local transport

[edit]

The national bus lines service is provided by the KTEL Pieria[145][146] station (Pieria intercity (coach) bus terminal) for intercity buses located in Katerini. The local bus lines between Katerini and its nearby settlements are served by the urban buses of the KTEL Katerini,[147] which has lines towards Ano Agios Ioannis, Aronas, Dion, Moschochori, Olympiaki Akti, Paralia, Palaio Keramidi, Neo Nosokomeio (New General Hospital of Katerini), Nea Trapezounta, Vrontou. These routes serve all the settlements that lie between Katerini and the aforementioned final destinations.[147]

Road transport

[edit]

Katerini is served by the A1 motorway and National Road 1 that run north-south from Evzonoi to Athens.[148][149][150] The connection between Katerini and Elassona is served by National Road 13. Single carriageways run from Katerini to every settlement of the Pieria. Intercity bus routes delivered by the KTEL Pieria,[145] connect Katerini directly with Athens, Thessaloniki, Elassona, Alexandreia and all the settlements of Pieria that are not served by the urban buses of KTEL Katerini.[147] There are also privately held international bus routes that connect Katerini with several cities in Albania and Bulgaria.

[edit]

Katerini Railway Station is located just outside the city center. The main line of the Greek railway system that connects Athens with Thessaloniki passes through Katerini. As a result, the city is connected directly with Larissa and Thessaloniki via the Thessaloniki Suburban Railway (Proastiakos) suburban electric train.[151][152] It is also connected with Athens and all the intermediate stations by Intercity train routes.

Demographics

[edit]

Historical population

[edit]
Year Community population Municipal unit population Municipality population
1913[153] 7,393 - -
1920[15] 6,540 - -
1928 10,138 - -
1940 16,938 - -
1951 24,605 - -
1961 28,046 - -
1971 29,046 - -
1981 38,404 - -
1991 42,381 - -
2001 53,418 57,098 83,387
2011 58,309 62,205 85,851
2021 59,189 62,742 80,700

Local communities

[edit]
St. Fotini Church at the beach in Paralia

Katerini is home to a significant Aromanian population that exceeds 3,000 people.[154] Aromanians of Katerini mainly descend from nearby Aromanian settlements of Livadi and Kokkinopilos, and in lesser numbers from Samarina, Moscopole, Avdella, Perivoli and Smixi.[154] According to some sources the Aromanians formed a majority amongst the city's Christian population in the beginning of the 20th century.[154] At the beginning of Giorgakis Olympios pedestrian street in the central Katerini district is located the bust statue of Giorgakis Olympios (1772–1821) who was an armatole and military commander during the Greek War of Independence against the Ottoman Empire.

Immigrants

[edit]

As of 2001, the Municipal Unit of Katerini (then Municipality of Katerini) was home to 2,794 foreign nationals (4.9% of the total population). Among them the most populous ethnic group was Albanians (2.5%) followed by Georgians (0.5%), Russians (0.4%) and Bulgarians (0.3%).[155] A large Greek community of the Katerini diaspora is particularly located in Boston, Massachusetts.[156][157]

Religion

[edit]
Evangelical Church at the Park of the Evangelicals where is located the Aimilios Xanthopoulos (1903-1943) bust statue

The Metropolis of Kitros, Katerini and Platamon, a part of the Church of Greece which is a part of the wider Greek Orthodox Church, has 16 congregations within the city of Katerini. There is also an Old Calendarist church in the city.[158] Katerini has a relatively numerous Protestant community, as a result of the organised settlement of Evangelical Greek refugees from Asia Minor and Pontus (region).[159] Today the Greek Evangelical Church of Katerini has almost 1,100 followers,[159][160] many of them are concentrated in the Evaggelika district of the city of Katerini. Other Protestant denominations, that have a church within the city, are the Free Apostolic Church of Pentecost, the Greek Apostolic Church of Pentecost and the Seventh-day Adventist Church.[161][162] The Protestant community is fully integrated in the life of the city, but in the past there were tensions between the Evangelical community and the Greek Orthodox majority. These tensions led to the arson of the Evangelical Church of Katerini from a Greek Orthodox mob in March 1930.[159]

Education

[edit]
  • The Katerini City (Settlement of Katerini) public schools is a part of the public education system consisting of member schools include,[163] Preschool,[164][165][166] Primary,[164] Secondary (Gymnasium, High School, and others),[167][168][169][170][171][172][173][174][175] Post Upper Secondary,[176][177][178] and Higher Education.[179]
  • Center of Lifelong Learning (KDVM) of the Municipality of Katerini[180][181][182] in cooperation with the Ministry of Education.
  • Lydia Education private company has School of Advanced Vocational Training, School of Meat Professions, other units.
  • Re-Training Programs of non-formal education with 380 hours each program[183][184][185] of the Ministry of Tourism supervised by the Experimental School of Advanced Vocational Training of Tourism of Makedonia[186] for employed and unemployed persons of tourism professions operate at times after an official public announcement.[187][188]
  • School of Samaritans and Rescuers of the Volunteers Samaritans, Rescuers and Lifeguards Corp of the Hellenic Red Cross.[189]
  • Municipal Odeion of Katerini that is a conservatoire of music education.[190]
  • Educational programs of the Rescue Team of Pieria.[191]

From 2006 to 2016 was operating the Second Chance Seminary School of Katerini[192] of the Ministry of Education, that was suspended its operation since the academic year 2016–2017,[193] which was a two years public ecclesiastical lifelong learning education boarding school housed in the Ecclesiastical Guesthouse[194] of the Metropolis of Kitros, Katerini and Platamon in the Prosilio settlement.

Sports

[edit]

Athletic centers

[edit]

Football

[edit]

Katerini is represented by two football teams in the national leagues; Pierikos, has its home stadium named 1st Municipal Athletic Center of Katerini, a club currently playing in the Gamma Ethniki (Third National) category, and the women's football club of Pierides Muses, playing in the Women's Gamma Ethniki category.

Other sports

[edit]
Sport clubs based in Katerini
Club Founded Sports Achievements
Pierikos
(Former:Megas Alexandros Katerini & Olympos Katerini)		 1961
(1922)
(1946)		 Football, Volleyball Earlier presence in A Ethniki football, finalist Greek cup
GAS Archelaos Katerinis 1956 Handball, Track and Field and other sports Panhellenic titles in Greek Handball
Ethnikos Katerini F.C. 1973 Football Earlier presence in Gamma Ethniki
Vataniakos F.C. 1978 Football Earlier presence in Beta Ethniki
Pierikos-Archelaos B.C. 2008 Basketball Presence in A2 Ethniki

Notable people

[edit]

International relations

[edit]
Main article: List of twin towns and sister cities in Greece

Katerini is twinned with:

[edit]
  • The Statue of Liberty at Eleftherias (Liberty) Square that is the Katerini’s central square
    The Statue of Liberty at Eleftherias (Liberty) Square that is the Katerini’s central square
  • Civil School of Katerini (former 1st Primary School of Katerini)
    Civil School of Katerini (former 1st Primary School of Katerini)
  • City Hall of Katerini at City Hall Square
    City Hall of Katerini at City Hall Square
  • A fountain in Municipal Park
    A fountain in Municipal Park
  • Heroes’ Square
    Heroes’ Square
  • Giorgakis Olympios bust statue at the Giorgakis Olympios Street
    Giorgakis Olympios bust statue at the Giorgakis Olympios Street
  • Cathedral Church of the Holy Ascension
    Cathedral Church of the Holy Ascension
  • Association of Asia Minor of Pieria
    Association of Asia Minor of Pieria
  • Union of Pontians of Pieria
    Union of Pontians of Pieria
  • Municipal Park
    Municipal Park

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Municipality of Katerini, Municipal elections - October 2023" (in Greek and English). Ministry of the Interior. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023.
  2. ^ a b "Αποτελέσματα Απογραφής Πληθυσμού - Κατοικιών 2021, Μόνιμος Πληθυσμός κατά οικισμό" [Results of the 2021 Population - Housing Census, Permanent population by settlement] (in Greek). Hellenic Statistical Authority. 29 March 2024.
  3. ^ "Port Authorities" (in Greek). Hellenic Coast Guard. Archived from the original on 19 July 2023.
  4. ^ "Blue Flag - Catalog of awarded beaches, marinas and boats". blueflag.gr (in Greek and English). 2024. Archived from the original on 26 July 2024.
  5. ^ "Hellenic Society for the Protection of Nature - Blue Flag" (in Greek and English). Archived from the original on 25 November 2023.
  6. ^ "Pieria: Patrols from policemen with bicycles this summer on the coastal zone" (in Greek). 2 June 2023. Archived from the original on 6 January 2024.
  7. ^ "Olympus National Park, Greece". National Geographic. 8 April 2011. Archived from the original on 22 January 2022.
  8. ^ "Ano Skotina: The stone village overlooking Mount Olympus and the Aegean Sea" (in Greek). 10 January 2024. Archived from the original on 10 January 2024.
  9. ^ "Mount Olympus: The metaphysical mysteries surround the home of the gods" (in Greek). 20 January 2021. Archived from the original on 6 January 2024.
  10. ^ "In Pieria is the most dangerous road - Road goes uphill while cars go downhill" (in Greek). 15 January 2024. Archived from the original on 26 February 2024.
  11. ^ "Greece Paradise: Pieria" (in Greek). Archived from the original on 6 January 2024.
  12. ^ "Visit Olympus Riviera in Pieria". Archived from the original on 6 January 2024.
  13. ^ "Central Macedonia Region: Katerini" (in Greek). Archived from the original on 10 November 2024.
  14. ^ "Hellenic Data-Base of Active Faults (HeDBAF) - Detailed Map". activefaults.eagme.gr (in Greek and English). Hellenic Survey of Geology & Mineral Exploration (HSGME). Archived from the original on 29 August 2024.
  15. ^ a b c d e f "History of Katerini". katerini.gr (in Greek). Archived from the original on 12 October 2013. Retrieved 13 January 2013.
  16. ^ Karali, Nikoleta (2004). The city of Katerini a historical geographical approach (BA thesis) (in Greek). Mytilene: University of the Aegean. pp. 1–200. Archived from the original on 10 November 2024.
  17. ^ "16 October 1912: The Liberation of Katerini from Ottoman Rule" (in Greek). 16 October 2022. Archived from the original on 16 October 2022.
  18. ^ "Katerini honored the anniversary of 16th October 1912 - 111 free years" (in Greek). 16 October 2023. Archived from the original on 9 February 2024.
  19. ^ "Historic Documentaries of ERT3 Television "A New Homeland" - Dedicated to Veria, Giannitsa Naoussa and Katerini" (in Greek). 25 January 2023. Archived from the original on 6 January 2024.
  20. ^ Koliopoulos, Ioannis S.; Michailidis, Iakovos D., eds. (2009). The Refugees in Makedonia (PDF) (in Greek). Athens: Troia Edkotiki Emporiki. Society for Macedonian Studies. pp. 12, 52, 62, 77, 292. ISBN 978-960-464-115-4. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 April 2024.
  21. ^ Kalaitzidou, Chara (4 May 2020). "Pieria 1914-1940: The settlement of refugees" (in Greek). Archived from the original on 1 October 2024.
  22. ^ Oikonomaki, Christina G. (2020). The hymnals of the Greek Evangelical Church: A historical and comparative study (PDF) (BA thesis) (in Greek). Athens: National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. p. 18. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 October 2024.
  23. ^ "The Invasion and Battle of Greece". Archived from the original on 23 July 2024.
  24. ^ "The Battle of Greece". Archived from the original on 19 June 2024.
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