Kisan Mazdoor Mandal

The Kisan Mazdoor Mandal ('Peasant Worker Association', abbreviated KMM) was a political party in Bhopal State, India. The party was formed in 1950 by proponents of a merger with Madhya Bharat, who split away from the Indian National Congress.^[1]^[2] The party had a Marxian orientation.^[3] KMM was supported by the 10,000-member trade union Mazdoor Sabha.^[3] Khan Shakir Ali Khan was the president of KMM.^[4] In the run-up to the 1952 Bhopal Legislative Assembly election, KMM was the main opposition to the Bhopal Congress.^[4]

KMM was recognized by the Election Commission of India as a state party.^[2] The party was assigned the election symbol 'cultivator winnowing grain' by the Election Commission.^[5] The party published a socialist manifesto before the polls.^[3] The election result was a back-lash for the party.^[6] KMM became the third-most voted party in the election, contesting 11 out of 30 seats in the state.^[2] It obtained 12,255 votes (5.42% of the votes in the state), but didn't win any seats.^[2] Khan stood as the KMM candidate in Jahangirabad constituency, finishing in second place with 2,581 votes (43.41% of the votes in the constituency).^[2] KMM also fielded one candidate in the 1951-1952 Lok Sabha parliamentary election; Ratankumar in the Sehore constituency. He obtained 8,808 votes (9.28%).^[7]

References

^ Ashfaq Ali (1981). Bhopal, Past and Present : a Brief History of Bhopal from the Hoary Past Up to the Present Time. Jai Bharat Publishing House. p. 447.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Election Commission of India. Bhopal, 1951
^ ^a ^b ^c S. N. Sadasivan (1977). Party and democracy in India. Tata McGraw-Hill. p. 44. ISBN 9780070965911.
^ ^a ^b Myron Wiener (8 December 2015). State Politics in India. Princeton University Press. pp. 511–512. ISBN 978-1-4008-7914-4.
^ Manorama Sinha (1 January 2007). Electoral Geography of India. Adhyayan Publishers & Distributors. p. 105. ISBN 978-81-8435-020-3.
^ S. P. Singh Sud; Ajit Singh Sud (1953). Indian Elections and Legislators. All India Publications. p. 107.
^ Election Commission of India. STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTIONS, 1951 TO THE FIRST LOK SABHA

[f-1] Ashfaq Ali (1981). Bhopal, Past and Present : a Brief History of Bhopal from the Hoary Past Up to the Present Time. Jai Bharat Publishing House. p. 447.

[a-2] Election Commission of India. Bhopal, 1951

[Sadasivan1977-3] S. N. Sadasivan (1977). Party and democracy in India. Tata McGraw-Hill. p. 44. ISBN 9780070965911.

[Wiener2015-4] Myron Wiener (8 December 2015). State Politics in India. Princeton University Press. pp. 511–512. ISBN 978-1-4008-7914-4.

[Sinha2007-5] Manorama Sinha (1 January 2007). Electoral Geography of India. Adhyayan Publishers & Distributors. p. 105. ISBN 978-81-8435-020-3.

[SudSud1953-6] S. P. Singh Sud; Ajit Singh Sud (1953). Indian Elections and Legislators. All India Publications. p. 107.

[7] Election Commission of India. STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTIONS, 1951 TO THE FIRST LOK SABHA

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