Lafayette, Indiana

Lafayette, Indiana
City
Downtown Lafayette and the Riehle Plaza and CityBus depot
Flag
Nickname:  "Star City"
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Coordinates: 40°24′02″N 86°52′43″W / 40.40056°N 86.87861°W / 40.40056; -86.87861
Country	United States of America
State	Indiana
County	Tippecanoe
Townships	Fairfield, Perry, Sheffield, Wea
Platted	1825
Incorporated	1853
Founded by	William Digby
Named for	General Lafayette
Government
• Type	Mayor–council
• Mayor	Tony Roswarski (D)
Area [1]
• City	29.50 sq mi (76.41 km2)
• Land	29.38 sq mi (76.09 km2)
• Water	0.13 sq mi (0.33 km2)
• Metro	904.6 sq mi (2,343 km2)
Elevation [2]	663 ft (202 m)
Population  (2020)
• City	70,783
• Density	2,409.39/sq mi (930.27/km2)
• Metro	223,716 (205th)
Time zone	UTC−5 (EST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−4 (EDT)
ZIP Code	47901, 47904, 47905, 47909
Area code	765
Interstate Highways	I-65
U.S. Highways	US 52 US 231
Major state roads	SR 25 SR 26 SR 38
Waterways	Wabash River
Airports	Purdue University Airport (West Lafayette)
Public transit	CityBus
FIPS code	18-40788[3]
GNIS feature ID[4]	2395583[2]
Website	www.lafayette.in.gov

Lafayette (/ˌlɑːfiˈɛt, ˌlæf-/ LA(H)F-ee-ET) is a city in and is the county seat of Tippecanoe County, Indiana, United States,^[4][5] located 63 miles (101 km) northwest of Indianapolis and 125 miles (201 km) southeast of Chicago. According to the 2020 census, the population of Lafayette was 70,783.^[6] West Lafayette, on the other side of the Wabash River, is home to Purdue University, which contributes significantly to both communities. Together, they form the core of the Lafayette metropolitan area, which had a population of 235,066 in 2020.

Lafayette was founded in 1825 on the southeast bank of the Wabash River near where the river becomes impassable for riverboats upstream, though a French fort and trading post had existed since 1717 on the opposite bank and three miles downstream. It was named for the French general Marquis de Lafayette, a Revolutionary War hero.

When European explorers arrived at this area, it was inhabited by a tribe of Miami Native Americans known as the Ouiatenon or Weas. In 1717, the French government established Fort Ouiatenon across the Wabash River and three miles (4.8 km) south of present-day Lafayette. The fort became the center of trade for fur trappers, merchants and Indians. An annual reenactment and festival known as Feast of the Hunters' Moon is held there each autumn.^[7]

The town of Lafayette was platted in May 1825 by William Digby, a trader. It was designated as the county seat of the newly formed Tippecanoe County the following year. Like many frontier towns, Lafayette was named for General Lafayette, a French officer who significantly aided George Washington's Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. Lafayette toured the United States in 1824 and 1825.^[8]

In its earliest days, Lafayette was a shipping center on the Wabash River. In 1838, Henry Leavitt Ellsworth, the first United States Patent Commissioner, published a booklet titled Valley of the Upper Wabash, Indiana, with Hints on Its Agricultural Advantages, to promote settlement of the region. By 1845, Ellsworth had purchased 93,000 acres (380 km²) of farmland around Lafayette and moved there from Connecticut to supervise land sales.^[9] By 1847 Ellsworth was distributing broadsides looking for farmers to purchase his farmland.^[10] He became president of the Tippecanoe County Agricultural Society in April 1851 – despite some local resentment over what was called "the Yale Crowd" – but he was defeated the same year when he ran for the Indiana House of Representatives.^[11] Ellsworth Street and Ellsworth Historic District are named for him.^[12]

The Wabash and Erie Canal in the 1840s stimulated trade and affirmed Lafayette's regional prominence. Railroads arrived in the town in the 1850s, connecting it with other major markets. The Monon Railroad connected Lafayette with other sections of Indiana.

Lafayette was the site of the first official airmail delivery in the United States on 17 August 1859, when John Wise piloted a balloon starting on the Lafayette courthouse grounds. Wise hoped to reach New York; however, weather conditions forced the balloon down near Crawfordsville, Indiana, and the mail reached its final destination by train. In 1959, the US Postal Service issued a 7¢ airmail stamp commemorating the centennial of the event.^[13]

Lafayette is located in Fairfield and Wea Townships.

According to the 2010 census, Lafayette has a total area of 27.74 square miles (71.85 km²), all land.^[14]

Neighborhoods include:^[15]

Historic neighborhoods include Ninth Street Hill Neighborhood Historic District and Upper Main Street Historic District.

In recent years, temperatures in Lafayette have ranged from an average low of 17 °F (−8 °C) in January to a high of 86 °F (30 °C) in July, although a record low of −33 °F (−36 °C) was recorded in January 1985 and again in January 1994; and a record high of 105 °F (41 °C) was recorded in June 1988. Average monthly precipitation ranged from 1.58 inches (40 mm) in February to 4.24 inches (108 mm) in June.^[16]

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1850	6,129		—
1860	9,387		53.2%
1870	13,506		43.9%
1880	14,860		10.0%
1890	16,243		9.3%
1900	18,116		11.5%
1910	20,081		10.8%
1920	22,486		12.0%
1930	26,240		16.7%
1940	28,798		9.7%
1950	35,558		23.5%
1960	42,330		19.0%
1970	44,955		6.2%
1980	43,011		−4.3%
1990	43,764		1.8%
2000	56,397		28.9%
2010	67,140		19.0%
2020	70,783		5.4%
U.S. Decennial Census[20]

Lafayette is the larger principal city of the Lafayette-Frankfort CSA, a Combined Statistical Area that includes the Lafayette metropolitan area (Benton, Carroll, and Tippecanoe counties) and the Frankfort micropolitan area (Clinton County),^[21][22][23] which had a combined population of 212,408 at the 2000 United States Census.

As of the 2010 United States Census,^[24] there were 67,140 people, 28,545 households, and 15,863 families in the city. The population density was 2,420.3 inhabitants per square mile (934.5/km²). There were 31,260 housing units at an average density of 1,126.9 units per square mile (435.1 units/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 74.2% White, 11.2% African American, 0.4% Native American, 1% Asian, 0.0% from other races, and 2.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 16.3% of the population.

There were 28,545 households, of which 29.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.7% were married couples living together, 13.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 44.4% were non-families. 34.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 3.00.

The median age in the city was 31.9 years. 23.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 12.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 29.9% were from 25 to 44; 22.2% were from 45 to 64, and 11.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.7% male and 51.3% female.

As of the 2000 United States Census, there were 56,397 people, 24,060 households, and 13,666 families in the city. The population density was 2,806.5 inhabitants per square mile (1,083.6/km²). There were 25,602 housing units at an average density of 1,274.1 units per square mile (491.9 units/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 88.91% White; 3.22% African American; 0.37% Native American; 1.22% Asian; 0.04% Pacific Islander; 4.61% from other races, and 1.62% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.11% of the population.

There were 24,060 households, out of which 27.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them; 42.5% were married couples living together; 10.2% had a female householder with no husband present; and 43.2% were non-families. 33.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 individuals and the average family size was 2.98.

The city population contained 23.2% under the age of 18; 14.2% from 18 to 24; 31.3% from 25 to 44; 19.3% from 45 to 64; and 12.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $35,859, and the median income for a family was $45,480. Males had a median income of $32,892 versus $23,049 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,217. About 8.0% of families and 12.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.8% of those under age 18 and 4.6% of those age 65 or over.

Companies located in Lafayette include:

• Wabash National, world's largest manufacturer of semi-truck trailers
• Subaru of Indiana Automotive, the only non-Japanese producer of Subaru vehicles.
• Evonik (Tippecanoe Laboratories) pharmaceuticals/chemicals
• Primient, corn wet mill and refinery producing corn syrup^[25]
• Landis+Gyr, manufacturer of electric meters for global ANSI markets
• Caterpillar, Large Engine Center^[26]

• A Taste of Tippecanoe

The Lafayette area has four branch locations of the Tippecanoe County Public Library:^[27]

• Downtown Library^[28]
• Wyandotte Branch^[29]
• West Lafayette Klondike Branch^[30]
• Wea Prairie Branch^[31]

• Haan Mansion Museum of Indiana Art

The government consists of a mayor – elected in a citywide vote – and a city council of nine members. Six are elected from individual districts; three are elected at-large.

• Ivy Tech Community College of Indiana
• Purdue University (in West Lafayette)
• A location of the Purdue Polytechnic Institute, one of Purdue University's academic colleges

K-12 public education in Lafayette is provided by the Lafayette School Corporation. The Tippecanoe School Corporation also administers county schools nearby.

New Community School was a tuition-free elementary charter school (sponsored by Ball State University) located on the north side of Lafayette; it closed in 2016.^[32]

Beacon Academy was a charter school operated by the Lafayette School Corporation in West Lafayette; it closed in 2018.

Elementary

Middle School

• St. Boniface Middle School

Junior/High School

• Catholic Central Junior-Senior High School

K-12

• Faith Christian School

• Journal & Courier. The newspaper, which serves the Greater Lafayette area, has its newsroom and offices located in downtown Lafayette. Journal & Courier also has its own printing services for itself and other papers in the region on the eastside of Lafayette.
• Purdue Exponent. Purdue University's independent student newspaper serves Purdue, West Lafayette, and Lafayette, and has its newsroom and offices located off campus on Northwestern Avenue in West Lafayette.
• The Lafayette Leader

From 1953 until the 2016 launch of WPBI-LD, WLFI-TV had been the only "Big Three" (ABC, CBS and NBC—or, including Fox, "big four") commercial network television broadcaster in the Lafayette market. With the 2017 launch of WPBY-LD, local broadcasts of all "big four" networks became available.^[33][34] Lafayette also remains one of few television markets without its own PBS station, the market being served by WFYI in Indianapolis.

WRTV, WTHR, WTTV, and WXIN, the respective ABC, NBC, CBS, and Fox affiliates in Indianapolis which had been carried by cable and satellite providers in the Lafayette market as "out-of-market" stations, remain viewable in the area via a large over-the-air antenna or, in some cases, via a subscription satellite or streaming service. Cable provider Comcast Xfinity discontinued its remaining carriage of Indianapolis-based "big four" stations on March 7, 2018,^[35] but resumed carriage of WTHR and WRTV two days later.^[36]

No airports are located within Lafayette city limits. The nearest commercial airport which currently has scheduled airline service is the Purdue University Airport (LAF) in West Lafayette.

Amtrak, the national passenger rail system, provides passenger rail service to Lafayette through the Cardinal to Chicago, Washington D.C., and New York City. Norfolk Southern; CSX; Kankakee, Beaverville and Southern Railroad; and Toledo, Peoria and Western Railway (RailAmerica) provide freight rail service. Many lines that originally passed through the downtown were redirected in the mid-1990s to a rail corridor near the Wabash River.^[37][38]

• CityBus local bus service by the Greater Lafayette Public Transportation Corporation^[39]
• Greyhound intercity bus service
• Lafayette Limo and Reindeer Shuttle to Indianapolis International Airport and O'Hare International Airport
• Express Air Coach to O'Hare International Airport

For notable people associated with Purdue University, see List of Purdue University people.

• Emily Thornton Charles, poet, journalist
• Benjaman Kyle, known for identity loss due to dissociative amnesia
• Evaleen Stein (1863–1923), author, limner

Lafayette has two sister cities as designated by Sister Cities International.^[46][47]

• Longkou, Shandong, China
• Ōta, Gunma, Japan (October 1993)^[48]

• City of Lafayette, Indiana website
• Lafayette Online Archived 2006-09-05 at the Wayback Machine