List of 21st-century religious leaders

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Lists of religious leaders by century: List of 19th-century religious leaders List of 20th-century religious leaders

See also: List of state leaders in the 21st century List of governors of dependent territories in the 21st century

This is a list of the top-level leaders for religious groups with at least 50,000 adherents, and that led anytime since January 1, 2001. It should likewise only name leaders listed on other articles and lists.

• Cambodian buddhism —

• Tep Vong, Great Supreme Patriarch of Cambodia (2006–2024)

• Engaged Buddhism —

• Thích Nhất Hạnh, (1926–2022)

• Sōka Gakkai —

• Einosuke Akiya, President (1981–2006)
• Minoru Harada, President (2006–present)

• Thai Buddhism —

• Nyanasamvara Suvaddhana, 19th Somdet Phra and Supreme Patriarch (1989–2013)
• Ariyavongsagatanana IX, 20th Somdet Phra and Supreme Patriarch (2017–present)

• Dalai Lama of the Gelug (Yellow Hat school) —

• Tenzin Gyatso, 14th Dalai Lama (1940–present)

Mongolia

• Jebtsundamba Khutuktu of the Gelug in Mongolia —

• Jambalnamdolchoyjijantsan, 9th Jebtsundamba Khutughtu (1991–2012)
• Altannaryn Aguidai (or) Achiltai, 10th Jebtsundamba Khutughtu (2023-present)

Russia

• Buddhist Traditional Sangha of Russia —

• Damba Ayusheev, 24th Pandito Khambo Lama (1995–present)

• Roman Catholic Church, (complete list) –

• John Paul II, Pope (1978–2005)
• Benedict XVI, Pope (2005–2013)
• Francis, Pope (2013–present)

• Eastern Catholic Churches sui iuris

• Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church –

• Lubomyr Husar, Major Archbishop (2001–2011)
• Sviatoslav Shevchuk, Major Archbishop (2011–present)

• Maronite Church –

• Nasrallah Boutros Sfeir, Patriarch (1986–2011)
• Bechara Boutros al-Rahi, Patriarch (2011–present)

• Syro-Malabar Church –

• Varkey Vithayathil, Major Archbishop (1999–2011)
• George Alencherry, Major Archbishop (2011–2023)
• Raphael Thattil, Major Archbishop (2024–present)

• Independent Catholic groups^[a]

• Old Roman Catholic Church in Europe^[1] –

• Jerome Lloyd, Metropolitan Archbishop (2012–present)

• Apostolic Catholic Church (Philippines) –

• John Florentine Teruel, Patriarch (1995–2021)
• Juan Almario Calampiano, Patriarch (2021–present)

• Philippine Independent Church –

• Tomás Millamena, Supreme Bishop (1999–2005)
• Godofredo J. David, Supreme Bishop (2005–2011)
• Ephraim Fajutagana, Supreme Bishop (2011–2017)
• Rhee Timbang, Supreme Bishop (2017–2023)
• Joel Porlares, Supreme Bishop (2023-present)

• Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople (complete list), the first among equals in Eastern Orthodoxy –

• Bartholomew I, Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople (1991–present)

• Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria (complete list) –

• Peter VII, Patriarch of Alexandria (1997–2004)
• Theodore II, Patriarch of Alexandria (2004–present)

• Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch (complete list) –

• Ignatius IV (Hazim), Patriarch of Antioch (1979–2012)
• John X (Yazigi), Patriarch of Antioch (2012–present)

• Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem –

• Irenaios I, Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem (2001–2005)
• Theophilos III, Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem (2005–present)

• Albanian Orthodox Church –

• Anastasios (Yannoulatos), Archbishop of Tirana, Durrës and All Albania (1992–present)

• Bulgarian Orthodox Church (complete list) –

• Maxim, Patriarch of All Bulgaria and Metropolitan of Sofia (1971–2012)
• Neofit, Patriarch of All Bulgaria and Metropolitan of Sofia (2013–2024)
• Daniil, Patriarch of All Bulgaria and Metropolitan of Sofia (2024-present)

• Cypriot Orthodox Church (complete list) –

• Chrysostomos I, Archbishop of Nea Justiniana and All Cyprus (1977–2006)
• Chrysostomos II, Archbishop of Nea Justiniana and All Cyprus (2006–2022)
• George III, Archbishop of Nea Justiniana and All Cyprus (2022–present)

• Czech and Slovak Orthodox Church –

• Nicholas of Presov, Metropolitan of the Czech Lands and Slovakia (2000–2006)
• Christopher of Prague, Metropolitan of the Czech Lands and Slovakia (2006–2014)
• Rastilav of Presov, Metropolitan of the Czech Lands and Slovakia (2014–present)

• Georgian Orthodox Church –

• Ilia II, Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia (1977–present)

• Church of Greece (complete list) –

• Christodoulos of Athens, Archbishop of Athens and All Greece (1998–2008)
• Ieronymos II, Archbishop of Athens and All Greece (2008–present)

• Polish Orthodox Church –

• Sawa (Hrycuniak) of Poland, Metropolitan of Warsaw and All Poland (1998–present)

• Romanian Orthodox Church –

• Teoctist I, Patriarch of All Romania (1986–2007)
• Daniel Ciobotea, Patriarch of All Romania (2007–present)

• Russian Orthodox Church (complete list) –

• Alexy II of Russia, Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia (1990–2008)
• Kirill I, acting (2008–2009), Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia (2009–present)

• Serbian Orthodox Church (complete list) –

• Pavle, Archbishop of Peć, Metropolitan of Belgrade and Karlovci, and Serbian Patriarch (1990–2009)
• Irinej, Archbishop of Peć, Metropolitan of Belgrade and Karlovci, and Serbian Patriarch (2010–2020)
• Porfirije, Archbishop of Peć, Metropolitan of Belgrade and Karlovci, and Serbian Patriarch (2021–present)

• Orthodox Church of Finland – (complete list)

• John Rinne, Archbishop of Karelia and All Finland (1987–2001)
• Leo Makkonen Archbishop of Karelia and All Finland (2001–present)
• Greek Orthodox Church of Epirus - Metropolitan Mar Melchizedek (2021-present)

• Orthodox Church in America, North America (complete list) –

• Theodosius (Lazor), Archbishop of New York, Metropolitan of All America and Canada (1977–1980)
• Theodosius (Lazor), Archbishop of Washington, Metropolitan of All America and Canada (1981–2002)
• Herman (Swaiko), Archbishop of Washington, Metropolitan of All America and Canada (2002–2005)
• Herman (Swaiko), Archbishop of Washington and New York, Metropolitan of All America and Canada (2005–2008)
• Jonah (Paffhausen), Archbishop of Washington and New York, Metropolitan of All America and Canada (2008–2009)
• Jonah (Paffhausen), Archbishop of Washington, Metropolitan of All America and Canada (2009–2012)
• Tikhon, Metropolitan of All America and Canada (2012–present)

• Armenian Apostolic Church (complete list) –

• Karekin II, Catholicos of All Armenians (1999–present)

• Armenian Apostolic Church (complete list) –

• Aram I, Catholicos of Cilicia (1995–present)

• Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria (complete list) –

• Shenouda III of Alexandria, Pope and Patriarch (1971–2012)
• Theodoros II of Alexandria, Pope and Patriarch (Pope Tawadros II) (2012–present)

• Eritrean Orthodox Church –

• Abune Phillipos, Patriarch (1999–2001)
• Abune Yacob, Patriarch (2002–2003)
• Abune Antonios, Patriarch (2004–2007)
• Abune Dioskoros, Patriarch (2007–2015)
• Abune Qerlos, Patriarch (2021–2022)

• Ethiopian Orthodox Church (complete list) –

• Abune Paulos, Abuna and Patriarch (1992–2012)
• Abune Mathias, Abuna and Patriarch (2013–present)

• Syriac Orthodox Church –

• Ignatius Zakka I Iwas (1980–2014)
• Ignatius Aphrem II Karim (2014–present)

• Indian Orthodox Church (complete list) –

• Baselios Marthoma Mathews II, Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan (1991–2005)
• Baselios Mar Thoma Didymos I, Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan (2005–2010)
• Baselios Mar Thoma Paulose II, Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan (2010–2021)
• Baselios Marthoma Mathews III, Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan (2021–present)

• Malabar Independent Syrian Church –

• Joseph Mar Koorilose IX (1986–2001)
• Cyril Mar Baselios I (2001–present)

• National Association of Evangelicals –

• Kevin Mannoia, President (1999–2001)
• Leith Anderson, President (2002–2003)
• Ted Haggard, President (2003–2006)
• Leith Anderson, President (2006–2019)
• Walter Kim, President (2020–present)

• Baptist World Alliance —

• General Secretaries

• Denton Lotz (1988–2007)
• Neville Callam (2008–present)

• Presidents

• Billy Kim (2000–2005)
• David Coffey (2005–2010)
• John Upton (2010–present)

Africa

• Baptist Convention of Angola –

• Mateus Chaves, President (c. 2010)
• Alexandre Melo Chilanda, General Secretary (c. 2010)

• Nigerian Baptist Convention –

• President

• Uche Enyioha, President (c. 2010)

• General Secretary and CEO

• S. T. Ola Akande, General Secretary
• S. Ola Fadeji, General Secretary
• Solomon Ademola Ishola, General Secretary (c. 2010)

Asia

• Paku Karen Baptist Association (Burma) –

• Letta, Executive Secretary
• Kooler, Executive Secretary
• Augustus Spurgeon, Executive Secretary
• Caleb Paw, Executive Secretary
• Paul Htoo, Executive Secretary (c. 2010)

• Association of Fundamental Baptist Churches in the Philippines –

• Arleen D. Fidel, Chairman (2004–present)

India

• Ao Baptist Arogo Mungdang –

• O. Alem, General Secretary (c. 2010)

• Convention of Baptist Churches of Northern Circars –

• T. Ch. Immanuel, President (2006–present)
• M. Ashok Kumar, Secretary (2006–present)

• Manipur Baptist Convention –

• Vumthang Sitlhou, General Secretary (c. 2010)

• Tripura Baptist Christian Union –

• Rajani Kaipeng, General Secretary (c. 2010)

Eurasia, regional

• Euro-Asian Federation of Evangelical Christians-Baptists Unions —

• Alexey Smirnov, President (2012–present)

• International Union of Churches of Evangelical Christians-Baptists —

• Gennadi Kryuchkov, Chairman (1962–2007)
• Nikolay Antonyuk, Chairman (2008–present)

Eurasia, national

• Evangelical Baptist Church of Georgia — Malkhaz Songulashvili, Bishop (present)
• Russian Union of Evangelical Christians-Baptists —

• Peter Konovalchuk, President (1994–2002)
• Yuri Sipko, President (2002–2010)
• Alexey Smirnov, President (2010–2018)
• Peter Mickiewicz, President (2018–present)

• Union of Evangelical Christian Baptists of Kazakhstan —

• Frans G. Tissen, President (present)

Europe, regional

• European Baptist Federation –

• Tony Peck, General Secretary (c. 2010)

• International Baptist Convention –

• Jimmy Martin, General Secretary (c. 2010)

Europe, national

• Baptist Union of Romania –

• Paul Negruţ, President (?–2007)
• Otniel Bunaciu, President (2007–present)

• Convention of the Hungarian Baptist Churches of Romania –

• Borzási István, President (c. 2010)

United Kingdom

• Baptist Union of Great Britain –

• Jonathan Edwards, General Secretary (c. 2010)

North America

Canada

• Baptist General Conference of Canada –

• Jamey McDonald, Executive Director (c. 2010)

• Canadian Baptist Ministries –

• Gary Vincent Nelson, General Secretary (c. 2010)

• Canadian Baptists of Western Canada –

• Jan Paasuke, President of the Board (c. 2010)

• Sovereign Grace Fellowship of Canada –

• Roger Fellows, General Coordinator (2001–NA)
• Mark Hudson, General Coordinator (c. 2010)

United States

• Alliance of Baptists –

• Brooks Wicker, President (c. 2010)

• American Baptist Churches USA –

• A. Roy Medley, General Secretary (c. 2010)

• Association of Reformed Baptist Churches of America –

• Gordon Taylor, Coordinator (2008–present)

• Baptist Bible Fellowship International –

• Linzy Slayden, President (c. 2010)

• Baptist General Conference –

• Jerry Sheveland, President (c. 2010)

• Baptist Joint Committee for Religious Liberty –

• J. Brent Walker – Executive Director (1999–2016)
• Amanda Tyler - Executive Director (2017–present)

• Baptist Missionary Association of America –

• John David Smith, Executive Director, (2010–present)

• Baptist Peace Fellowship of North America –

• Cheryl Dudley, President, (2008–2011)

• Conservative Baptist Association of America –

• Stephen LeBar, Executive Director (2004–2009)
• Stan Rieb, National Network Facilitator, (2009–present)

• Cooperative Baptist Fellowship –

• Daniel Vestal, Coordinator (1996–present)

• Enterprise Association of Regular Baptists –

• Eugene Dickerson, Moderator (c. 2010)
• Roger Ball, President (c. 2010)

• Full Gospel Baptist Church Fellowship –

• Paul S. Morton, International Presiding Bishop (1994–present)

• Fundamental Baptist Fellowship International –

• John Vaughn, President (c. 2010)

• General Association of General Baptists –

• James Murray, interim Executive Director (c. 2010)

• General Association of Regular Baptist Churches –

• John Greening, National Representative (c. 2010)

• National Baptist Convention of America, Inc. –

• Stephen J. Thurston, President (c. 2010)
• Samuel C. Tolbert, General Secretary (c. 2010)

• National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc. –

• William J. Shaw, President (1999–2009)
• Julius R. Scruggs, President (2009–2014)
• Jerry Young, President (2014–present)

• North American Baptist Conference –

• Rob McCleland, Executive Director (c. 2010)

• Ohio Valley Christian Baptist Church of God –

• Paul Hagen, General Superintendent (c. 2010)
• Delmar Rogers, General Secretary (c. 2010)

• Progressive National Baptist Convention –

• General Secretary

• Walter Parrish III, General Secretary (c. 2010)

• President

• T. DeWitt Smith, Jr., President (?–2010)
• Carroll A. Baltimore, President (2010–2014)
• James C. Perkins, President (2014–present)

• Southern Baptist Convention (complete list) –

• James Merritt, President (2000–2002)
• Jack Graham, President (2002–2004)
• Bobby Welch, President (2004–2006)
• Frank S. Page, President (2006–2008)
• Johnny M. Hunt, President (2008–2010)
• Bryant Wright, President (2010–2011)
• Fred Luter, President (2012–2014)
• Ronnie Floyd, President (2014–2016)
• Steve Gaines, President (2016–2018)
• J.D. Greear, President (2018–2021)
• Ed Litton, President (2021–2022)
• Bart Barber, President (2022–2024)
• Clint Pressley, President (2024–present)

• United American Free Will Baptist Church –

• Henry J. Rodmon, General Bishop (c. 2010)

• Christian and Missionary Alliance (U.S.) –

• David Rambo, President (c. 1987–2005)
• Gary Benedict, President (2005–2013)

• Church of the Nazarene –

• John A. Knight, General Superintendent (1985–2001)
• William J. Prince, General Superintendent (1989–2001)
• James Diehl, General Superintendent (1993–2009)
• Paul Cunningham, General Superintendent (1993–2009)
• Jerry D. Porter, General Superintendent (1997–2017)
• Jim Bond, General Superintendent (1997–2005)
• W. Talmadge Johnson, General Superintendent (2001–2005)
• Jesse Middendorf, General Superintendent (2001–2013)
• Nina Gunter, General Superintendent (2005–2009)
• J. K. Warrick, General Superintendent (2005–2017)
• Eugenio Duarte, General Superintendent (2009–present)
• David W. Graves, General Superintendent (2009–present)
• Stan Toler, General Superintendent (2009–2017)
• David Busic, General Superintendent (2013–present)
• Carla Sunberg, General Superintendent (2017–present)

• Pillar of Fire International –

• Robert Barney Dallenbach, General Superintendent (2000–2008)^[2]
• Joseph Gross, General Superintendent (2008–present)^[3]

• Salvation Army –

• John Gowans, General (1999–2002)
• John Larsson, General (2002–2006)
• Shaw Clifton, General (2006–2011)
• Linda Bond, General (2011–2013)
• André Cox, General (2013–2018)
• Brian Peddle, General (2018–2023)
• Lyndon Buckingham, General (2023–present)

International

• Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference –

• Steven P. Petersen, President (2008–2011)
• Daniel Koelpin, President (2011–present)

• International Lutheran Council –

• Chairman

• Ralph Mayan, Chairman (2005–2008)
• Gerald B. Kieschnick, Chairman (2009–2010)
• Hans-Jörg Voigt, Chairman (2010–2012)

• Executive Secretary

• Samuel H. Nafzger, Executive Secretary (2001 or before –present)

• Lutheran World Federation –

• Christian Krause (Germany), President (1997–2003)
• Mark Hanson (US), President (2003–2010)
• Munib Younan (Palestine), President (2010–2017)
• Musa Filibus (Nigeria), President (2017–2023)
• Henrik Stubkjær (Palestine), President (2023–present)

Europe

• Evangelical Lutheran Church of Estonia –

• Jaan Kiivit, Jr, Archbishop (1994–2005)
• Andres Põder, Archbishop (2005–2014)
• Urmas Viilma, Archbishop (2015–present)

• Evangelical Lutheran Church of Estonia Church Abroad

• Udo Petersoo, Archbishop, (1990–2006)
• Andres Taul, Archbishop, (2007–2010)
• Thomas Vaga, Acting Bishop (2011–present)

• Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland –

• Jukka Paarma, Archbishop of Turku (1998–2010)
• Kari Mäkinen, Archbishop of Turku (2010–2018)
• Tapio Luoma, Archbishop of Turku (2018–present)

• Church of Norway –

• Harald V of Norway, King of Norway (1991–present)

• Swedish Church –

• Karl Gustav Hammar, Lutheran Primate of Sweden (1997–2006)
• Anders Wejryd, Lutheran Primate of Sweden (2006–2014)
• Antje Jackelén, Lutheran Primate of Sweden (2014–2022)
• Martin Modéus, Lutheran Primate of Sweden (2022-present)

North America

• Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod –

• Alvin L. Barry, President (1992–2001)
• Robert T. Kuhn, President (2001)
• Gerald B. Kieschnick, President (2001–2010)
• Matthew C. Harrison, President (2010–present)

• Evangelical Lutheran Church in America –

• H. George Anderson, Presiding Bishop (1995–2001)
• Mark Hanson, Presiding Bishop (2001–2013)
• Elizabeth Eaton, Presiding Bishop (2013–present)

• Lutheran Congregations in Mission for Christ –

• William Sullivan, National Service Coordinator (2002–2010)
• Mark Vander Tuig, National Service Coordinator (2010–present)

• Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod –

• Karl R. Gurgel, President (1993–2007)
• Mark G. Schroeder, President (2007–present)

• Evangelical Lutheran Church in Canada –

• Telmor Sartison, National Bishop (1993–2001)
• Raymond Schultz, National Bishop (2001–2007)
• Susan Johnson, National Bishop (2007–present)

• African Methodist Episcopal Church –

• Clement W. Fugh, General Secretary (2000–present)

• Chinese Methodist Church in Australia –

• Albert Chiew, Bishop (c. 2008–2010)
• James Kwang, Bishop (2010–present)

• Free Methodist Church in Canada –

• Keith A. Elford, Bishop (1997–2017)
• Cliff Fletcher, Bishop (2017–present)

• Iglesia Evangelica Metodista en las Islas Filipinas –

• Nathaniel P. Lazaro, General Superintendent (2000–present)

• Methodist Church Ghana –

• Samuel Asante Antwi, President and Presiding Bishop (1997–2003)
• Robert Aboagye-Mensah, Presiding Bishop (2003–2009)^[4]
• Emmanuel Asante, Presiding Bishop (2009–present)

• Methodist Church in Malaysia –

• Peter Chio, Bishop (?–2004)
• Hwa Yung, Bishop (2004–present)

• Methodist Church of Southern Africa –

• President

• H Mvume Dandala, President (1998–2003)
• Ivan M Abrahams, President (2003–present)

• General Secretary

• Vivian Harris, General Secretary (1988–2001)
• Ross A J Olivier, General Secretary (2001–2005)
• Vuyani G Nyobole, General Secretary (2005–present)

• United Methodist Church –

• Gregory V. Palmer, President of the Council of Bishops (2008–2010)
• Larry M. Goodpaster, President of the Council of Bishops (2010–2012)
• Rosemarie Wenner, President of the Council of Bishops (2012–2014)
• Warner Brown, President of the Council of Bishops (2014–present)

• World Assemblies of God Fellowship –

• Thomas E. Trask, Chairman (2000–2008)
• George O. Wood, Chairman (2008–2022)

• Assemblies of God, United States –

• Thomas E. Trask, General superintendent (1993–2007)
• George O. Wood, General superintendent (2007–2017)
• Doug E. Clay, General superintendent (2017–present)

• Grace Communion International (until 2009, called the Worldwide Church of God from 1968 to 2009) –

• Joseph Tkach, Jr., President and pastor general (1995–present)

• New Apostolic Church –

• Richard Fehr, Chief apostle (1988–2005)
• Wilhelm Leber, Chief apostle (2005–2013)
• Jean-Luc Schneider (2013–present)^[5]

• Church of Scotland (complete list) —

• John Miller, Moderator of the General Assembly (2001)
• Finlay Macdonald, Moderator of the General Assembly (2002)
• Iain Torrance, Moderator of the General Assembly (2003)
• Alison Elliot, Moderator of the General Assembly (2004)
• David Lacy, Moderator of the General Assembly (2005)
• Alan McDonald, Moderator of the General Assembly (2006)
• Sheilagh M. Kesting, Moderator of the General Assembly (2007)
• David W. Lunan, Moderator of the General Assembly (2008)
• William C. Hewitt, Moderator of the General Assembly (2009)
• John Christie, Moderator of the General Assembly (2010)
• A. David K. Arnott, Moderator of the General Assembly (2011)
• Albert O. Bogle, Moderator of the General Assembly (2012)
• Lorna Hood, Moderator of the General Assembly (2013)
• John Chalmers, Moderator of the General Assembly (2014)

• Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) (complete list) —

• Syngman Rhee, Moderator of the General Assembly (2000–2001)
• Jack Rogers, Moderator of the General Assembly (2001–2002)
• Fahed Abu-Akel, Moderator of the General Assembly (2002–2003)
• Susan R. Andrews, Moderator of the General Assembly (2003–2004)
• Rick Ufford-Chase, Moderator of the General Assembly (2004–2006)
• Joan Gray, Moderator of the General Assembly (2006–2008)
• Bruce Reyes-Chow, Moderator of the General Assembly (2008–2010)
• Cynthia Bolbach, Moderator of the General Assembly (2010–2012)
• Neal Presa, Moderator of the General Assembly (2012–2014)

• Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)
  • General Minister and President^[6]
    • Richard L. Hamm (1993-2003)
    • William "Chris" Hobgood, interim (2003–2005)
    • Sharon E. Watkins (2005–2017)
    • Teresa Hord Owens (2017–Present)^[7]
  • Moderator of the General Assembly^[8]
    • Paul D. Rivera (1999–2001)
    • Alvin O. Jackson (2001–2003)
    • Charisse Gillett (2003–2005)
    • Bill Lee (2005–2007)
    • Newell Williams (2007–2009)
    • Larry Brown (2009–2011)
    • Regina Morton (2011–2013)
    • Glen Miles (2013–2015)
    • Tony Rodriguez (2015–2017)
    • Sue Morris (2017–2019)
    • Belva Brown Jordan (2019–2023)^[9]
• Seventh-day Adventists (complete list) –

• Jan Paulsen, General Conference President (1999–2010)
• Ted N. C. Wilson, General Conference President (2010–present)

• General Assembly of Unitarian and Free Christian Churches (UK)

Liz Slade, Chief Officer (2019–present)

• Uniting Church in Australia –

• President

• James Haire, President (2000–2003)
• Dean Drayton, President (2003–2006)
• Gregor Henderson, President (2006–2009)
• Alistair Macrae, President (2009–2012)
• Andrew Dutney, President (2012–2015)
• Stuart McMillan, President (2015–2018)
• Deidre Palmer, President (2018–2021)
• Sharon Hollis, President (2021–2024)
• Charissa Suli, President (2024–2027)

• General Secretary

• Gregor Henderson, General Secretary (1989–2001)
• Terence Corkin, General Secretary (2001–2015)^[10]
• Colleen Geyer, General Secretary (2016–present)

• United Church of Canada –

• Marion Pardy, Moderator (2000–2003)
• Peter Short, Moderator (2003–2006)
• David Giuliano, Moderator (2006–2009)
• Mardi Tindal, Moderator (2009–2012)
• Gary Paterson, Moderator (2012–2015)
• Jordan Cantwell, Moderator (2015–2018)
• Richard Bott, Moderator (2018–2022)
• Carmen Lansdowne, Moderator (2022–present)

• Church of England –

• Formal leadership –

• Elizabeth II, Supreme Governor of the Church of England (1952–2022)
• Charles III, Supreme Governor of the Church of England (2022-present)

• Effective leadership, (complete list) –

• George Carey, Archbishop of Canterbury (1991–2002)
• Rowan Williams, Archbishop of Canterbury (2002–2012)
• Justin Welby, Archbishop of Canterbury (2013–2024)

• Anglican Church of Australia (complete list)–

• Peter Carnley, Primate (2000–2005)
• Phillip Aspinall, Primate (2005–2014)
• Philip Freier, Primate (2014–2020)
• Geoffrey Smith, Primate (2020–present)

• Anglican Church of Canada –

• Michael Peers, Primate (1986–2004)
• Fred Hiltz, Primate (2007–2019)
• Linda Nicholls, Primate (2019–2024)

• Episcopal Church in the United States of America –

• Frank Griswold, Presiding Bishop (1998–2006)
• Katharine Jefferts Schori, Presiding Bishop (2006–2016)
• Michael B. Curry, Presiding Bishop (2016–2024)
• Sean Rowe, Presiding Bishop (2024–present)

• Anglican Catholic Church
  • John Charles Vockler, Metropolitan of the Original Province (2001-2005)
  • Mark Haverland, Metropolitan of the Original Province (2005-present)
• Anglican Orthodox Church – Jerry L. Ogles, Presiding Bishop (2003–present)
• Federation of Anglican Churches in the Americas

• Anglican Church in America –

• Louis Falk, Primate (1991–2005)
• Louis Falk, President of the House of Bishops (2005–present)

• Anglican Province of America
  • Walter Grundorf, Presiding Bishop (early 1990s–2021)
  • Chandler Holder Jones, Presiding Bishop (2021-present)
• Diocese of the Holy Cross – Paul C. Hewett, Diocesan Bishop (2006–present)
• Episcopal Missionary Church –

• William Millsaps, Presiding Bishop (2000–2005)
• Council Nedd II, Presiding Bishop (2005–present)

• Reformed Episcopal Church –

• Leonard W. Riches, Presiding Bishop (1996–2014)
• Royal U. Grote Jr., Presiding Bishop (2014–2016)
• Ray Sutton, Presiding Bishop (2017–present)

• Fellowship of Confessing Anglicans – Eliud Wabukala, Chairman (2008–present)

• Anglican Church in North America –

• Robert Duncan, Primate (2009–2014)
• Foley Beach, Primate (2014–2024)
• Steve Wood, Primate (2024–present)

• Church of England in South Africa –

• Frank J. Retief, Presiding Bishop (2000–2010)
• Desmond Inglesby, Presiding Bishop (2010–present)

• North American Anglican Conference

• Anglican Episcopal Church –

• Reginald Hammond, Presiding Bishop (2000–2004)
• George Connor, Presiding Bishop (2006–present)

• Diocese of the Great Lakes –

• Julius A. Neeser, Bishop Ordinary (1998–2002)
• David T. Hustwick, Bishop Ordinary (2002–present)

• Orthodox Anglican Communion –

• Scott Earle McLaughlin, Metropolitan Archbishop (2000–2012)
• Creighton Jones, Metropolitan Archbishop (2012–2015)
• Thomas Gordon, Metropolitan Archbishop (2015–present)

• Orthodox Anglican Church –

• Scott Earle McLaughlin, Presiding Bishop (2000–2012)
• Creighton Jones, Presiding Bishop (2012–2015)
• Thomas Gordon, Presiding Bishop (2015–present)

• Traditional Anglican Communion –

• Louis Falk, Primate (1991–2002)
• John Hepworth, Primate (2002–2012)
• Samuel Prakash, Primate (2012–2017)
• Shane B. Jenzen, Primate (2017–present)

• Anglican Catholic Church in Australia –

• John Hepworth, Archbishop (1998–2012)
• Michael Pope, Archbishop (2013–present)

• Anglican Catholic Church of Canada –

• Robert Mercer, Bishop and Metropolitan (1988–2005)
• Peter Wilkinson, Bishop and Metropolitan (2005–present)

• Anglican Church of India – Stephen Vattappara, Metropolitan Bishop (1990–present)
• Anglican Church in America –

• Louis Falk, Primate (1991–2005)
• Louis Falk, President of the House of Bishops (2005–present)

• United Episcopal Church of North America –

• Stephen C. Reber, Presiding Bishop (1996–2010)
• Peter D. Robinson, Presiding Bishop (2010–present)

• Believers Eastern Church –

• Athanasius Yohan I, Metropolitan (1993–2024)
• Samuel Theophilus, Metropolitan (2024–present)

• Church of God Ministry of Jesus Christ International

• María Luisa Piraquive, World Leader (1996–present)

• Assyrian Church of the East –

• Mar Dinkha IV, Patriarch (1976–2015)
• Mar Gerwargis III, Patriarch (2015–2021)
• Mar Awa III, Patriarch (2021–present)

• Ancient Church of the East –

• Mar Addai II, Patriarch (1972–2022)
• Yacob III Daniel, Patriarch (2022-present)

• Malankara Marthoma Syrian Church –

• Philipose Mar Chrysostym Mar Thoma, Marthoma Metropolitan (1999–2007)
• Joseph Mar Thoma, Marthoma Metropolitan (2007–2020)
• Theodosius Mar Thoma, Marthoma Metropolitan (2020–present)

• Members Church of God International –

• Eliseo Soriano, Presiding Minister (1977–2021)
• Daniel Soriano Razon, Presiding Minister (2021-present)

• The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (complete list) –

• Gordon B. Hinckley, President (1995–2008)
• Thomas S. Monson, President (2008–2018)
• Russell M. Nelson, President (2018–present)

• Iglesia ni Cristo –

• Eraño Manalo, Executive Minister (1963–2009)
• Eduardo V. Manalo, Executive Minister (2009–present)

• Jehovah's Witnesses, Governing Body
  • Lyman A. Swingle (1971-2001)
  • Milton G. Henschel (1971-2003)
  • Theodore Jaracz (1974-2010)
  • Karl F. Klein (1974-2001)
  • Albert D. Schroeder (1974-2006)
  • Daniel Sydlik (1974-2006)
  • Carey W. Barber (1977-2007)
  • John E. Barr (1977-2010)
  • Gerrit Lösch (1994–present)
  • Samuel F. Herd (1999–present)
  • M. Stephen Lett (1999–present)
  • Guy H. Pierce (1999-2014)
  • David H. Splane (1999–present)
  • Geoffrey W. Jackson (2005–present)
  • Anthony Morris III (2005-2023)
  • D. Mark Sanderson (2012–present)
  • Kenneth E. Cook Jr. (2018–present)
  • Gage Fleegle (2023–present)
  • Jeffrey Winder (2023–present)
• National Council of the Churches of Christ in the USA –

• Robert W. Edgar, General Secretary (1999–2007)
• Michael Kinnamon, General Secretary (2007–2011)
• Peg Birk, General Secretary (2012–2013)
• Jim Winkler, General Secretary (2014–present)

• Unification Church –

• Sun Myung Moon, 'True Father' (1953–2012)
• Hak Ja Han, 'True Mother'/Acting Leader (2012–present)

• World Council of Churches –

• Konrad Raiser, General Secretary (1993–2003)
• Samuel Kobia, General Secretary (2004–2009)
• Olav Fykse Tveit, General Secretary (2010–2020)
• Ioan Sauca, Acting General Secretary (2020-2022)
• Jerry Pillay, General Secretary (2023-present)

• Ramanandi Sampradaya —

• Rambhadracharya, Jagadguru Acharya (1988–present)

• Sanatan Dharma Maha Sabha —

• Krishna Maharaj (1986–2003)^[11]
• Uttam Maharaj (2005–2018)^[12][13]
• Rampersad Parasram, Dharmacharya (2019–present).^[14]

• Gaudiya Mission —

• Bhakti Suhrid Paribrajak, president-acharya (1993–2018)
• Bhakti Sundar Sanyasi Maharaj, president-acharya (2018–present)

• Gaudiya Vedanta Samiti —

• Bhakti Vedanta Budhayan Goswami, president-acharya (2020–present)

• International Society for Krishna Consciousness — the members of Governing Body Commission (Jayapataka Swami and others)
• Science of Identity Foundation — Siddhaswarupananda Paramahamsa (1977–present)
• Sri Caitanya Prema Samsthana — Shrivatsa Goswami, director (1972–present)
• Sri Chaitanya Saraswat Math —

• Bhakti Sundar Govinda Dev-Goswami, president-acharya (1988–2010)
• Bhakti Nirmal Acharya, president-acharya (2010–present)

• The Vaishnava Foundation — Kailasa Candra Dasa (1986–present)
• World Vaisnava Association —

• Srila Nayananandana Das babaji, President (1999–2002)
• Srila Bhakti B. Tirtha Maharaj, President (2002–present).

• Shankaracharyas —

• Swami Swaroopanand Saraswati, Shankaracharya of Jyotirmath, Badrinath and Dwarka Sharada Peetham, Dwarka (1982-2022)
• Swami Nischalanand Saraswati, Shankaracharya of Govardhan Math, Puri (1992-present)
• Swami Bharati Tirtha Mahasannidhanam, Shankaracharya of Sringeri Sharada Peetham, Sringeri (1974–present)

• Ahmedabad Nar Narayan Dev Gadi —

• Acharya Shree Tejendraprasadji Maharaj (1969–2004)
• Acharya Shree Koshalendraprasadji Maharaj (2004–present)

• Vadtal Laxmi Narayan Dev Gadi —

• Acharya Shree Ajendraprasadji Maharaj (1984–present)
• Swaminarayan Gurukul —

• Guruvarya Shri Devkrushnadasji Swami (1974–present)

• Acharya Shree Rakeshprasadji Maharaj (2003–present)

• BAPS —

• Pramukh Swami Maharaj, President (1971–2016)
• Mahant Swami Maharaj, President (2016–present)

• Swaminarayan Mandir Vasna Sanstha —

• Gurudev Bapji, Founder (1987–2019)
• HDH Swamishri, President (2019–present)

• Aksharpurushottam Swaminarayan Upasna —

• H.D.H.Hariprasad Swamiji Maharaj (YDS)(1934–∞)
• H.D.H.Prabodhjivandas Swamiji Maharaj(Hariprabodham)(1953 - Present)

• Gunatit Samaj —

• Pappaji Maharaj (1971–2006)
• Aksharvihari Swamiji Maharaj (1971–2019)
• Jashbhai Sahebji (1971–present)

• Swaminarayan Gadi (Maninagar) —
• Purushottampriyadasji Swami (1979-2020)
• Jitendrapriyadasji Swami (2020-present)

• PrashantAdvait Foundation - Acharya Prashant (2006 - present)
• Art of Living Foundation — Sri Sri Ravishankar, Spiritual Leader, Humanitarian (1981–present)
• Brahma Kumaris — Dadi Janki, Spiritual Head (1937–2020)
• Isha Foundation — Sadhguru Jaggi Vasudev (1992–present)
• Jagadguru Kripalu Parishat — Vishaka Tripathi, Shyama Tripathi & Krishna Tripathi, Presidents (present)
• Mahanam Sampraday —

• Upashak Bandhu Bhramachariji (India) (present)
• Kanti Bandhu Bhramachariji (Bangladesh) (present)

• Mata Amritanandamayi Math — Mata Amritanandamayi, Spiritual Leader, Humanitarian (1981–present)
• Ramakrishna Mission/Vedanta Society —

• Swami Ranganathananda, President (1998–2005)
• Swami Gahanananda, President (2005–2007)
• Swami Atmasthananda, President (2007–2017)
• Swami Smaranananda, President (2017–2024)
• Swami Gautamananda, President (2024-present)

• Sri Chinmoy Centers — Sri Chinmoy (1966–2007)

• Organisation of Islamic Cooperation —

• List of secretaries-general

• Barelvi movement

• Dawat-e-Islami —

• Muhammad Ilyas Qadri, Amir of Ahlussunnah–Emir of Sunnis (1981–present)

• Sunni Dawate Islami —

• Shakir Ali Noori, Ameer (1990–present)

• World Islamic Mission —

• Qamaruzzaman Azmi, President (present)^[15]

• World Sunni Movement —

• Syed Mohammad Saifur Rahman, Chief Advisor (present)

• Deobandi movement —

• Taqi Usmani, Sheikh ul Islam (2004–present)
• Tablighi Jamaat —

• Zubairul Hasan Kandhlawi, Amir (1995–2014)
• position abolished (since 2014)

• International Islamic Council for Da'wah and Relief —

• Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al-Musleh, Secretary-General (present)
• Muslim World League

• Abdallah Ben Abdel Mohsen At-Turki (2000–2016)
• Muhammad bin Abdul Karim Issa, Secretary General (2016–present)

• World Muslim Congress

• President

• Abdullah Omar Nasseef (present)

• Secretary General

• Raja Zafar-ul-Haq (present)

• Muslim Brotherhood

• Mustafa Mashhur, General Guide (1996–2002)
• Ma'mun al-Hudaybi, General Guide (2002–2004)
• Mohammed Mahdi Akef, General Guide (2004–2010)
• Mohammed Badie, General Guide (2010–present)

• Taliban —

• Mohammed Omar, Amir (1994–2013)
• Akhtar Mansour, Amir (2015–2016)
• Hibatullah Akhundzada, Amir (2016–present)

• Grand Mufti of Australia

• Taj El-Din Hilaly (1992–2007)
• Fehmi Naji (2007–2011)
• Ibrahim Abu Mohamed (2011–2018)
• Abdel Aziem Al-Afifi (2018)
• Ibrahim Abu Mohamed (2018–present)

• Islamic Community of Bosnia and Herzegovina —

• Mustafa Cerić, Grand Mufti (1993–2012)
• Husein Kavazović, Grand Mufti (2012–present)

• Islamic Association of China —

• Xilalunding Chen Guangyuan, President (present)

• Indonesian Ulema Council —

• Sahal Mahfudh, chairman (2000–2014)
• Din Syamsuddin, chairman (2014–2015)
• Ma'ruf Amin, chairman (2015–2020)
• Miftachul Achyar, chairman (2020–2023)
• Anwar Iskandar, chairman (2023–present)

• Muhammadiyah —

• Ahmad Syafi'i Maarif (1998–2005)
• Din Syamsuddin (2005–2015)
• Haedar Nashir (2015–present)

• Nahdlatul Ulama —

• Spiritual leader

• Sahal Mahfudz (1999–2014)
• Mustofa Bisri (2014, temporary)
• Ma'ruf Amin (2015–2018)
• Miftachul Akhyar (2018–present)

• Chairman

• Hasyim Muzadi (1999–2010)
• Said Aqil Siradj (2010–2021)
• Yahya Cholil Staquf (2021–present)

• Grand Mufti of Jerusalem —

• Ekrima Sa'id Sabri (1994–2006)
• Muhammad Ahmad Hussein (2006–present)

• Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of Kazakhstan —

• Absattar Derbisali, Grand Mufti (2000–2013)
• Yerzhan Malgajyuly Mayamerov, Grand Mufti (2013–present)

• Fatwa Committee of the National Council for Islamic Religious Affairs —

• Ismail Ibrahim, Chairman (2000–2005)
• Abdul Shukor Husin, Chairman (2005–2017)
• Wan Zahidi bin Wan Teh, Chairman (2017–2022)
• Nooh Gadut, Chairman (2022–present)

• Islamic Religious Community of Macedonia —

• Zejnulla Fazliu, Islamic religious leader (1990–present)

• Central Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of Russia —

• Talgat Tadzhuddin, Shaikh al-Islam, Grand Mufti (1992–present)

• Coordinating Center of North Caucasus Muslims —

• Magomed Albogachiev, Chairman (1998–2003)
• Ismail Berdiyev, Chairman (2003–present)

• Muftiate of the Republic of Dagestan —

• Ahmad Afandi Abdulaev, Mufti (1998–present)

• Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of the Republic of Adygea and Krasnodar Krai —

• Askarbiy Kardanov, Mufti (2012–present)

• Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of the Asian Part of Russia —

• Nafigulla Ashirov, Mufti (1997–present)

• Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of the Republic of Bashkortostan —

• Ainur Birgalin, Mufti (2019–present)

• Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of the Chechen Republic —

• Akhmad Shamaiev, Mufti (2000–2005)
• Sultan Mirsayev, Mufti (2005–2014)
• Salah Mezhiev, Mufti (2014–present)

• Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of the Republic of Ingushetia

• Muhammed Alboghatchiev, Mufti

• Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic —

• Hazrataliy Dzasejev, Mufti (2010–present)

• Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic —

• Ismail Berdiyev, Mufti (1991–present)

• Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania —

• Khajimurat Gatsalov, Mufti (2011–present)

• Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of Russian Federation and Russian Council of Muftis —

• Rawil Ğaynetdin, Grand Mufti (2014–present) and Chairman (1996–present)

• Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of the Republic of Tatarstan —

• Ğosman İsxaqi, Mufti (1998–2011)
• Ildus Faiz, Mufti (2011–2013)
• Kamil Samigullin, Mufti (2013–present)

• Spiritual Assembly of the Muslims of Russia —

• Albir Krganov, Mufti (2016–present)

• Council of Senior Scholars and Permanent Committee for Scholarly Research and Ifta —

• Abdulaziz Al Sheikh, Grand Mufti of Saudi Arabia (1999–present)

• Muslim World League

• Abdallah Ben Abdel Mohsen At-Turki, Secretary General (2000–2016)
• Muhammad bin Abdul Karim Issa, Secretary General (2016–present)

• Chinese Muslim Association —

• Ma Jiazhen, President (1996–2002)
• Ni Anguo, President (2002–2006)
• Ma Ruhu, President (2006–2008)
• Dawood Cho Yong-tsing, President (2008–present)

• Spiritual Direction of the Muslims of Crimea (Kyiv) —

• Kirim Esende, Mufti

• Spiritual Directorate of the Muslims of Crimea (Simferopol) —

• Emirali Ablaev, Mufti (1999–present)

• Spiritual Directorate of Muslims of Ukraine —

• Tamim Ahmed Muhamed Mutah, Mufti

• Spiritual Administration of Muslims of Ukraine "Ummah" —

• Said Ismagilov, Mufti

• Muslim Board of Uzbekistan

• Abdurashid Kori Bakhromov, Grand Mufti (1995–2006)
• Usman Alimov, Grand Mufti (2006–2021)
• Nuriddin Kholiqnazarov, Grand Mufti (2021–present)

• Dar al-Mustafa —

• Al-Habib Umar bin Hafidz (1997–present)

• Imams (complete list) –

• Muhammad al-Mahdi, Imam (874–present) Shia belief holds that he was hidden by Allah in 874.

• Marja' (current list)

• Mohammad-Taqi Bahjat Foumani (1993–2009)
• Mohammad Fazel Lankarani (1980–2007)
• Ali Khamenei (1985–present)
• Muhammad Saeed al-Hakim (1981–2021)
• Hossein Noori-Hamedani(2000–present)
• Muhammad al-Fayadh (2008–present)
• Ali al-Sistani (1980–present)
• Naser Makarem Shirazi (1998–present)
• Hossein Waheed Khorasani (1995–present)
• Lotfollah Safi Golpaygani (1975–2022)

• Ahl Al-Bayt World Assembly

• Ali Akbar Velayati, General Secretary
• Mohammad Mahdi Asefi, General Secretary
• Mohammad Hasan Akhtari, General Secretary (present)

• Bektashi Order –

• Baba Reshat (1991–2011)
• Baba Mondi (2011–present)

• Religious Council of the Caucasus —

• Allahshukur Pashazadeh, Grand Mufti of the Caucasus (1992–present)

• Dawoodi Bohras –

• Mohammed Burhanuddin, 52nd Da'i al-Mutlaq (1965–2014)
• Mufaddal Saifuddin, 53rd Da'i al-Mutlaq (2014–present)

• Alawi Bohras

• Haatim Zakiyuddin

• Nizari Ismailism (complete list) –

• Aga Khan IV, 49th Imam (1957–present)

• Houthis –

• Hussein Badreddin al-Houthi, leader (1994–2004)
• Badreddin al-Houthi, leader (2004)
• Abdul-Malik Badreddin al-Houthi, leader (2004–present)

• Ahmadiyya Community –

• Khalifatul Masih IV, Mirza Tahir Ahmad (1982–2003)
• Khalifatul Masih V, Mirza Masroor Ahmad (2003–present)

• Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement –

• Asghar Hameed (1996–2002)
• Abdul Karim Saeed Pasha (2003–2022)

• Nation of Islam –

• Louis Farrakhan, head, (1981–present)

• Ahmed bin Hamad al-Khalili, Grand Mufti of the Sultanate of Oman
• Haitham bin Tariq, Sultan of Oman

Asia

• Israel, (complete list) —

Eurasia

• Russia —

• Congress of the Jewish Religious Organizations and Associations in Russia –

• Adolf Shayevich, Chief Rabbi of Russia (1993–present)

• Federation of Jewish Communities of Russia –

• Berel Lazar, Chief Rabbi of Russia (2000–present)

• Turkey —

• David Asseo, Chief Rabbi (1961–2002)
• Ishak Haleva, Chief Rabbi (2002–present)

Europe

• Ireland —

• Yaakov Pearlman, Chief Rabbi (2001–2008)
• Zalman Lent, Acting Chief Rabbi (2008–present)

United Kingdom and the Commonwealth of Nations

• Chief Rabbis of the United Hebrew Congregations —

• Jonathan Sacks, Chief Rabbi (1991–2013)
• Ephraim Mirvis, Chief Rabbi (2013–present)

North America

• Union for Reform Judaism (North America) –

• Eric Yoffie, President (1996–2012)
• Richard Jacobs, President (2012–present)

• Baháʼí Faith, Universal House of Justice

• Ali Nakhjavani (1963–2003)
• Hushmand Fatheazam (1963–2003)
• Ian Semple (1963-2005)
• Glenford Mitchell (1982–2008)
• Peter Khan (1987–2010)
• Adib Taherzadeh (1988–2000)
• Hooper Dunbar (1988–2010)
• J. Douglas Martin (1993–2005)
• Farzam Arbab (1993–2013)
• Kiser Barnes (2000–2013)
• Hartmut Grossman (2003–2008)
• Firaydoun Javaheri (2003–2018)
• Paul Lample (2005–present)
• Payman Mohajer (2005–present)
• Gustavo Correa (2008–2013)
• Shahriar Razavi (2008–present)
• Stephen Hall (2010–2023)
• Stephen Birkland (2010–2023)
• Ayman Rouhani (2013–present)
• Chuungu Malitonga (2013–present)
• Praveen Mallik (2018–present)
• Juan Francisco Mora (2018–present)
• Andrej Donoval (2023-present)
• Albert Nshisu Nsunga (2023-present)

• Radha Soami Satsang Beas —

• Gurinder Singh, Guru (1990–present)

• Radja Soami Satsang Dayalbagh —

• Makund Behari Lal, Guru (1975–2002)
• Prem Saran Satsangi, Guru (2002–present)

• Radha Swami Satsang, Dinod —

• Huzur Kanwar Saheb, Guru (present)

• Ruhani Satsang —

• Thakar Singh, Guru (1976–2005)

• Church of Scientology —

• David Miscavige, President of Scientology; Chairman of the Board of the Religious Technology Center (1987–present)
• Heber Jentzsch, President of the Church of Scientology International (1982–present)

• Eckankar — Harold Klemp, Mahanta (1981–present)
• Elan Vital — Prem Rawat (1983–present)
• Falun Gong — Li Hongzhi, Spiritual Master (1992–present)
• Guanyin Famen — Ching Hai, Supreme Master (1988–present)
• LaVeyan Satanism — Peter H. Gilmore, Magus (2001–present)
• Movement of Spiritual Inner Awareness —

• John-Roger Hinkins, Spiritual Director (1971–2014)
• John K. Morton, Spiritual Director (2014–present)

• Science of Spirituality — Rajinder Singh, Spiritual Master (1989–present)
• Tenrikyo — Nakayama Zenji, Shinbashira (1998–present)

• Śvētāmbara Terapanth —

• Shri Mahapragya, Acharya (1997–2010)
• Mahashraman (2010–present)

• Sattar Jabbar Hilo

• Niranjan Dass, Sant (2007–present)

• Shinto (complete list) —

• Akihito, Emperor of Japan, head of Shinto (1989–2019)
• Naruhito, Emperor of Japan, head of Shinto (2019–present)

• Jinja Honcho —

• Atsuko Ikeda, Chairperson (1988–present)

• Konkokyo –

• Heiki Konko, Spiritual Leader (1991–present)

• Kurozumikyō –

• Kurozumi Muneharu, Chief Patriarch (1973–2017)
• Kurozumi Munemichi, Chief Patriarch (2017–present)

• Unitarian Universalist Association –

• William G. Sinkford, President (2001–2009)
• Peter Morales, President (2009–2017)
• Susan Frederick-Gray, President (2017–2023)
• Sofía Betancourt, President (2023–present)

• Beninese Vodun
  • Adanyroh Guèdèhounguè, President of National Community of Voodoo Cults of Benin (CNCVB)^[16]
  • Daagbo Hounon Houna II, Supreme Leader of Vodun^[17]
• Haitian Vodou
  • Demanbre — Augustin St. Clou, King of Voodoo (2016–present)^[18]
  • National Confederation of Haitian Vodouisants (KNVA) — Prospère Louidor, National Ati (Supreme Voodoo Chief) (2021–present)^[19]

• Mokshadharma —

• Founded by Amit Goyal (2019-present)
• Started at a badminton court in Sydney where the idea was playing honestly and how it depicts the peace in this world.

• Religious leaders by year